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Debate is a process that involves formal discourse, discussion, and oral addresses on a particular topic or collection of topics, often with a moderator and an audience. In a debate, arguments are put forward for opposing viewpoints. Historically, debates have occurred in public meetings, academic institutions, debate halls, coffeehouses, competitions, and legislative assemblies. Debates have also been conducted for educational and recreational purposes, usually associated with educational establishments and debating societies. These debates emphasize logical consistency, factual accuracy, and emotional appeal to an audience. Modern competitive debate also includes rules for participants to discuss and decide upon the framework of the debate.
Lincoln–Douglas debate is a type of one-on-one competitive debate practiced mainly in the United States at the high school level. It is sometimes also called values debate because the format traditionally places a heavy emphasis on logic, ethical values, and philosophy. The Lincoln–Douglas debate format is named for the 1858 Lincoln–Douglas debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas, because their debates focused on slavery and the morals, values, and logic behind it. LD debates are used by the National Speech and Debate Association (NSDA) competitions, and also widely used in related debate leagues such as the National Christian Forensics and Communication Association, the National Catholic Forensic League, the National Educational Debate Association, the Texas University Interscholastic League, Texas Forensic Association, Stoa USA and their affiliated regional organizations.
Policy debate is an American form of debate competition in which teams of two usually advocate for and against a resolution that typically calls for policy change by the United States federal government. It is also referred to as cross-examination debate because of the 3-minute questioning period following each constructive speech. Evidence presentation is a crucial part of policy debate. The main argument being debated during a round is to change or not change the status quo. When a team explains why their solvency is greater than the opposition's, they compare advantages. One team’s job is to argue that the resolution— the statement that we should make some specific change to a national or international problem —is a good idea. Affirmative teams generally present a plan as a proposal for implementation of the resolution. On the other hand, the Negative teams present arguments against the implementation of the resolution. In a single round of debate competition, each person gives two speeches. The first speech each person gives is called a “constructive” speech, because it is the speech when the first person of the team speaks positively, presenting the team's main idea without rebuttals that have not occurred, presents the basic arguments they will make throughout the debate. The second speech is called a “rebuttal”, because this is the speech where each person tries to rebut the arguments made by the other team, while using their own arguments to try to persuade the judge to vote for their team. The Affirmative has to persuade the judge to vote for the resolution, while the Negative has to persuade the judge the Negative's position is a better idea.
The American Parliamentary Debate Association (APDA) is the oldest intercollegiate parliamentary debating association in the United States. APDA sponsors over 50 tournaments a year, all in a parliamentary format, as well as a national championship in late April. It also administers the North American Debating Championship with the Canadian University Society for Intercollegiate Debate (CUSID) every year in January. Although it is mainly funded by its member universities, APDA is an entirely student-run organization.
The World Universities Debating Championship (WUDC) is the world's largest international debating tournament and one of the largest annual international student events. WUDC is held in the British Parliamentary format.
The World Individual Debating and Public Speaking Championships (WIDPSC) is an annual English language debating and public speaking tournament for individual high school-level students representing different countries. It is the public speaking equivalent of the World Schools Debating Championships.
There are several venues of competition for policy debate in the United States.
The Tournament of Champions (TOC) is a national high school speech and debate tournament held at the University of Kentucky every year in a weekend in April. Tournament of Champions is considered to be the national championship of the “National Circuit", and is one of the most prestigious and competitive American high school speech and debate tournaments. Tournament of Champions currently holds competition in Policy debate, Lincoln–Douglas debate, Public Forum debate, Congressional Debate, World Schools Debate, Extemporaneous Speaking, Original Oratory, Informative Speaking, Dramatic Interpretation, Duo Interpretation, Humorous Interpretation, Oral Interpretation, and Program Oral Interpretation.
The Australasian Intervarsity Debating Championships (known colloquially as "Australs") is an annual debating tournament for teams from universities in the Australasian region. It is one of the world's largest debating tournaments, second only in size to the World Universities Debating Championship (WUDC), the European Universities Debating Championships (EUDC) and one of the largest annual student events in the world. Australs follows the Australia-Asian Debating format (three speakers plus replies), rather than the British Parliamentary Style used at WUDC. It is held every year in early-July under the auspices of the Australasian Intervarsity Debating Association (AIDA). The host university is selected a year before at a meeting of the Council of the Australasian Intervarsity Debating Association.
The Peruvian Debate Association is a legally ordained, non-profit institution, which organizes and coordinates activities to promote and increase debate in and among schools and universities in Peru. This association was founded in September 2002, by Sixto Ramos, Philosophy, Economics and Peruvian History teacher at Colegio Franklin Delano Roosevelt and representatives from 6 other schools: Santa María Marianistas, San Ignacio de Recalde, Markham College, Casuarinas, Newton and Carmelitas. In 2003 the Peruvian Debate Association along with other non-member schools and colleges helped Colegio Franklin Delano Roosevelt organize the World Schools Debating Championship 2003 in Lima, Peru; the grand final was held at a packed auditorium at Universidad de Lima with well over 1000 people attending.
Australia–Asia Debate, sometimes referred to as Australasian Debating or Australs Style, is a form of academic debate. In the past few years, this style of debating has increased in usage dramatically throughout Australia and New Zealand as well as the broader Asian region, but in the case of Asian countries including Singapore, Malaysia, and the Philippines, the format is also used alongside the British Parliamentary Format. The context in which the Australia-Asia style of debate is used varies, but it is commonly used in Australia at the primary and secondary school level, ranging from small informal one-off intra-school debates to larger more formal inter-school competitions with several rounds and a finals series which occur over a year. It is also commonly used at university level.
The Arena is a debate-style television show produced by Mediacorp Channel 5 in Singapore. Season 1 of the show was broadcast from January–March 2007. A second season, known as The Arena II, was aired from March–May 2008. The show involves teams of students from secondary schools in Singapore debating against each other on issues of topical interest.
The World Scholar’s Cup is an annual international academic program. More than 50,000 students from over 60 countries participate every year.
The Philippine Schools Debate Championship (PSDC) is an annual English-language debate tournament for high school-level teams from the Philippines. It is hosted by Ateneo de Manila University's Ateneo Debate Society (ADS) and its debates are conducted in the British Parliamentary Style. From its inception in 2002, it has become one of the two most prestigious Philippine national competitions for high school debaters, the other being the National Asians High School Debate Championship (NAsHDC) hosted by De La Salle University-Manila's La Salle Debate Society.
The Eurasian Schools Debating Championship (ESDC) is an annual open English-language debating tournament for high school-level teams representing different countries that takes place in Robert College, Istanbul. ESDC is open to international and school teams alike, depending on team cap. ESDC is organized by members of Robert College Debate Society. ESDC is the world's first and only international WSDC debating championship that is organized completely by high-school students.
The World Universities Debating Championship in Spanish or Campeonato Mundial Universitario de Debate en Español (CMUDE) is the world's largest and most important debating tournament in Spanish.
The Heart of Europe International Debating Tournament (HOE DT) is an annual debating tournament for high school-level teams which is held in English.
Yoni Cohen-Idov is an Israeli-American debater, journalist, speaker and consultant.
Asia World Schools Debating Championship, commonly coined as AWSDC, is an international debate competition founded by the World Schools Debate Championship's Asia steering committee in 2013. The 1st Asia World Schools Debating Championship was held from 1–8 August 2013 at Anglo Singapore International School's Campus in Sukhumvit 64, Bangkok, Thailand including 7 preliminary rounds, and single elimination playoffs thereafter. The tournament was centered on the theme, "Youth Activism: It's Our Turn". 100 teams from all over the world participated; including the national teams of New Zealand, Australia, Thailand, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, China, Philippines, Korea, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and South Africa. The team from Anglo Chinese Junior College (Singapore) emerged as the tournament's first champions, going undefeated in all of its 11 matches.
The US Universities Debating Championship (USUDC) is the largest British Parliamentary debating tournament in the United States, and one of the largest debate tournaments in the world. The event is held for college and university students attending school in the United States, and is hosted by a different university each year. The host is selected by the member schools of the US Universities Debate Association. The event determines the National Champions for the year.
References
- ↑ Championship, World Schools Debate. "World Schools Debate". World Schools Debate Championship. Retrieved 2021-02-28.
- ↑ "Serbia WSDC 2024 | Welcome to Serbia World Schools Debating Championship 2024". wsdc2024.calicotab.com. Retrieved 2024-09-27.
- ↑ "Resources | World Schools Debating Championships". WSDC Debating. Retrieved 2024-09-27.
- ↑ Toronto teens part of Canadian team that won World Schools Debating Championships. Global News. 4 August 2020.
- ↑ Sri Lanka first runner-up in World Schools Debating Championship 2020. Colombo Page. 3 August 2020.
- ↑ Irish team reaches semifinals of World Schools Debating Championship. The Irish Times. 29 July 2020.
- ↑ India win world school debating championships for first time, Tejas Subramaniam declared 'Best speaker in the world'. The New Indian Express. 4 August 2019.
- ↑ Indians win the argument: School students win silver medal in world debating championship in Croatia. Hindustan Times. 1 August 2018.
- ↑ S'pore students win world debate championship. The Straits Times. 11 August 2017.
- ↑ England are good at something – Our teens just became World Debate Champions! AOL. 29 July 2016.
- ↑ Why debating still matters. The Guardian. 6 August 2016.
- ↑ England clinches World Schools Debating title. Al Jazeera English. 28 July 2016.
- ↑ Teens descend on Germany for schools' debating championships. Al Jazeera English. 21 July 2016.
- ↑ Singapore wins international debating competition. The Straits Times. 6 August 2015.
- ↑ What's your view? Tweed Daily News. 10 August 2013.
- ↑ Amy's got a winning way with words. Wales Online. 2 February 2012.
- ↑ Teens debate victory. The Courier & Advertiser. 26 August 2011.
- ↑ Pupils debating in world schools championship. BBC News. 18 August 2011.
- ↑ Canadian teens win international debating championship. The Star. 19 February 2010.
- ↑ Calgary debaters conquer the world. Calgary Herald. 19 February 2010.
- ↑ NZ team wins World School Debating Championship. Newsonline. 18 February 2009.
- ↑ NZ wins world debating champs. Stuff.co.nz. 16 March 2009.
- ↑ James Fox and Ben Woolgar are crowned world debating champions. The Jewish Chronicle. 26 September 2008.
- ↑ Kiwi team second at debating. The Southland Times. 16 September 2008.
- ↑ Scots pupils scoop world debating cup. The Scotsman. 12 July 2007.
- ↑ Scots pupils are world champion debaters. The Herald. 12 July 2007.
- ↑ Aussies talk their way to world cup victory. Joint Statement - Premier of Queensland & Minister for Education & the Arts. 14 July 2006.
- ↑ World second for Irish debaters. The Irish Times. 14 July 2006.
- ↑ The world's best, and if you want to debate it, we'll win that as well. Sydney Morning Herald. 19 August 2003.
- ↑ Debate team does S'pore proud in world contest. The Straits Times. 29 August 2003.
- ↑ Ireland wins world schools debate contest. The Irish Times. 2 February 2002.
- ↑ "Sri Lanka named best ESL team as Canada wins World School Debating Championship 2020". EconomyNext. 2020-08-02. Retrieved 2020-08-03.
- ↑ The National Team of Romania achieves a historic performance at the World Schools Debating Championships. BR Business Review. 12 August 2021.
- ↑ Swaziland shines in World Schools Debate. Times of Swaziland. 6 February 2012.
- ↑ "World Schools Debating Championship 2022". International Debate Education Association. Retrieved 2024-08-30.
- ↑ "WSDC 2018 full results". Archived from the original on 2020-02-23.