(15700) 1987 QD

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(15700) 1987 QD
Discovery [1]
Discovered by S. Singer-Brewster
Discovery site Palomar Obs.
Discovery date24 August 1987
Designations
(15700) 1987 QD
1987 QD ·2000 JD1
Mars-crosser [1] [2]
binary [3] [4] [5]
Orbital characteristics [2]
Epoch 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc 63.65 yr (23,249 d)
Aphelion 2.9047 AU
Perihelion 1.5136 AU
2.2092 AU
Eccentricity 0.3148
3.28 yr (1,199 d)
132.51°
0° 18m 0.72s / day
Inclination 26.788°
175.47°
119.47°
Known satellites 1 (strong candidate) [3] [6]
Earth  MOID 0.6219 AU (242 LD)
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
2.95±0.29  km [7]
3.04 km(derived) [4]
3.0586±0.0001  h [6] [lower-alpha 1]
0.20(assumed) [4]
0.268±0.054 [7]
X (Pan-STARRS) [4] [8]
X (SDSS-MOC) [9]
S [4] [10]
14.50±0.07(R) [lower-alpha 1]
14.70 [1] [2] [7]
14.99±0.086 [4] [11]

    (15700) 1987 QD (provisional designation 1987 QD) is a Mars-crossing asteroid and a binary candidate from inside the innermost region of the asteroid belt, approximately 3 kilometers (1.9 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 24 August 1987, by American astronomer Stephen Singer-Brewster at the Palomar Observatory in California. [1] The likely spherical X-type asteroid has a rotation period of 3.1 hours. The suspected presence of a kilometer-sized minor-planet moon was announced in November 2000. [3]

    Contents

    Orbit and classification

    1987 QD is a Mars-crossing asteroid, a member of the dynamically unstable group, located between the main belt and near-Earth populations, and crossing the orbit of Mars at 1.666  AU. It orbits the Sun inside the innermost region of the asteroid belt at a distance 1.5–2.9  AU once every 3 years and 3 months (1,199 days; semi-major axis of 2.21 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.31 and an inclination of 27° with respect to the ecliptic. [2]

    The body's observation arc begins with a precovery published by the Digitized Sky Survey and taken at Palomar in May 1954, more than 33 years prior to its official discovery observation. [1] It will pass 6,352,000 km (0.04246 AU) from the main-belt asteroid 7 Iris on 3 September 2173. [2]

    Numbering and naming

    This minor planet was numbered by the Minor Planet Center on 26 July 2000 ( M.P.C. 40991). [12] As of 2018, it has not been named. [1]

    Physical characteristics

    In the SDSS-based taxonomy and according to the survey conducted by Pan-STARRS, 1987 QD is an X-type asteroid. [4] [8] [9] It has also been classified as a common, stony S-type asteroid. [4] [10]

    Rotation period

    In September 2010, a first rotational lightcurve of 1987 QD was obtained from photometric observations by Brian Skiff. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 3.068 hours and a brightness variation of 0.07 magnitude ( U=3- ). [4] [lower-alpha 2] Within less than two weeks, follow-up observations by a large international collaboration of astronomers determined a refined period of 3.0586±0.0001 hours with a low amplitude of 0.07 magnitude, indicating that the body has a spherical shape ( U=3 ). [6] [lower-alpha 1] An alternative observation that gave a tentative period 9.709 hours received a poor quality rating ( U=1 ). [4] [13]

    Strong binary candidate

    The photometric observations during September and October 2010 revealed that 1987 QD is a candidate for a synchronous binary asteroid with a minor-planet moon orbiting it every 50.3±0.5 hours at an estimated average distance of 14 km. [3] The findings were announced on 6 November 2009. [6] The lightcurve indicated mutual occultation events, however, a conclusive solution for the orbit period was not obtained. [lower-alpha 3] The Johnston's archive estimates a diameter of 1.23 kilometer for the satellite, or 31% the size of its primary. [3]

    The international collaboration included Richard Durkee at the Shed of Science Observatory ( H39 ), Petr Pravec, Kamil Hornoch and Peter Kušnirák at Ondřejov Observatory, Donald Pray at Carbuncle Hill Observatory ( 912 ), David Higgins at Canberra ( E14 ), Jozef Világi and Štefan Gajdoš at Modra Observatory, Judit Györgyey Ries at McDonald Observatory and Julian Oey at Leura Observatory ( E17 ), as well as astronomers at the Kharkiv Kharkov ( 101 ), Simeiz and Skalnate Pleso observatories. [6]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, 1987 QD measures 2.95 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.268, [7] while the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for a stony asteroid of 0.20 and derives a diameter of 3.04 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 14.99. [4]

    Notes

    1. 1 2 3 Lightcurve plot of (15700) 1987 QD from Ondrejov data obtained by the NEO Photometric Program and collaborating projects. Period 3.0586±0.0001 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.07±0.01 mag. Quality code is 3. Summary figures at the LCDB and Pravec, P.; Wolf, M.; Sarounova, L. (2010) (data sheet).
    2. ↑ Skiff (2011) web: rotation period 3.068±0.003 hours with a brightness amplitude of mag. Quality code is 3-. Summary figures at the LCDB
    3. ↑ There are two possible orbital periods for the secondary: 50.3 and 62.9 hours. Neither could be conclusively established. LCDB

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    References

    1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "15700 (1987 QD)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
    2. 1 2 3 4 5 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 15700 (1987 QD)" (2018-01-20 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory . Retrieved 5 July 2018.
    3. 1 2 3 4 5 Johnston, Wm. Robert (19 February 2017). "Asteroids with Satellites Database – (15700) 1987 QD". Johnston's Archive. Retrieved 5 July 2018. (at Data Ferret)
    4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "LCDB Data for (15700)". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 5 July 2018.
    5. ↑ "Asteroid (15700) 1987 QD". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
    6. 1 2 3 4 5 Durkee, R.; Pravec, P.; Hornoch, K.; Kusnirak, P.; Pray, D.; Brookfield, W.; et al. (November 2010). "(15700) 1987 QD". Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams. 2540 (2540): 1. Bibcode:2010CBET.2540....1D . Retrieved 5 July 2018.
    7. 1 2 3 4 Alí-Lagoa, V.; Delbo', M. (July 2017). "Sizes and albedos of Mars-crossing asteroids from WISE/NEOWISE data". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 603: 8. arXiv: 1705.10263 . Bibcode:2017A&A...603A..55A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629917. S2CID   119224590.
    8. 1 2 Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv: 1506.00762 . Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. S2CID   53493339.
    9. 1 2 Carvano, J. M.; Hasselmann, P. H.; Lazzaro, D.; Mothé-Diniz, T. (February 2010). "SDSS-based taxonomic classification and orbital distribution of main belt asteroids". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 510: 12. Bibcode:2010A&A...510A..43C. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/200913322 . Retrieved 30 October 2019. (PDS data set)
    10. 1 2 Carry, B.; Solano, E.; Eggl, S.; DeMeo, F. E. (April 2016). "Spectral properties of near-Earth and Mars-crossing asteroids using Sloan photometry". Icarus. 268: 340–354. arXiv: 1601.02087 . Bibcode:2016Icar..268..340C. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.12.047. S2CID   119258489.
    11. ↑ Pravec, Petr; Harris, Alan W.; Kusnirák, Peter; Galád, Adrián; Hornoch, Kamil (September 2012). "Absolute magnitudes of asteroids and a revision of asteroid albedo estimates from WISE thermal observations". Icarus. 221 (1): 365–387. Bibcode:2012Icar..221..365P. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2012.07.026.
    12. ↑ "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
    13. ↑ Vander Haagen, Gary A. (April 2011). "Lightcurves of 10452 ZUEV, (14657) 1998 YU27, and (15700) 1987 QD". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 38 (2): 71–72. Bibcode:2011MPBu...38...71V. ISSN   1052-8091.
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