14 Herculis

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14 Herculis
Observation data
Epoch J2000.0       Equinox J2000.0
Constellation Hercules
Right ascension 16h 10m 24.31568s [1]
Declination +43° 49′ 03.5074″ [1]
Apparent magnitude  (V)+6.61 [2]
Characteristics
Spectral type K0 V [3]
B−V color index 0.877±0.006 [2]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)−13.87±0.08 [2]  km/s
Proper motion (μ)RA: 131.745(28)  mas/yr [1]
Dec.: −297.025(37)  mas/yr [1]
Parallax (π)55.8657 ± 0.0291  mas [1]
Distance 58.38 ± 0.03  ly
(17.900 ± 0.009  pc)
Absolute magnitude  (MV)+5.39 [2]
Details [4]
Mass 0.98±0.04  M☉
Radius 0.97±0.02  R☉
Luminosity 0.6256±0.0077 [5]   L☉
Surface gravity (log g)4.46  cgs
Temperature 5310±30  K
Metallicity [Fe/H]0.43±0.07  dex
Rotation 29.5 d
Rotational velocity (v sin i)1.65 km/s
Age 3.6±2.0 [6]   Gyr
Other designations
14 Her, BD+44° 2549, GJ  614, HD  145675, HIP  79248, SAO  45933, LTT  14816 [7]
Database references
SIMBAD data

14 Herculis or 14 Her is a K-type main-sequence star 58.4 light-years (17.9 parsecs ) away in the constellation Hercules. It is also known as HD 145675. Because of its apparent magnitude, of 6.61 the star can be very faintly seen with the naked eye. As of 2021, 14 Herculis is known to host two exoplanets in orbit around the star. [4]

Contents

Stellar components

14 Herculis is an orange dwarf star of the spectral type K0V. The star has about 98 percent of the mass, 97 percent of the radius, and only 67 percent of the luminosity of the Sun. The star appears to be 2.7 times as enriched with elements heavier than hydrogen (based on its abundance of iron), in comparison to the Sun. [4] It may have been the most metal rich star known as of 2001. [8]

Planetary system

In 1998 a planet, 14 Herculis b was discovered orbiting 14 Herculis via radial velocity. [9] [10] This was formally published in 2003. [11] The planet has an eccentric orbit with a period of 4.8 years. [12] In 2005, a possible second planet was proposed, designated 14 Herculis c. [13] The parameters of this planet were very uncertain, but an initial analysis suggested that it was in the 4:1 resonance with the inner planet, with an orbital period of almost 19 years at an orbital distance of 6.9 AU. [12] The existence of the planet 14 Herculis c was confirmed in 2021, along with a rough orbit determination. [14]

A 2021 study combining radial velocity and astrometry found that the planetary orbits are not coplanar, which may indicate a strong planet-planet scattering event in the past. [4] Subsequent astrometric studies have found differing results; a 2022 study found inclinations consistent with aligned orbits, [15] while a 2023 study again found misaligned orbits. [16] The latter study also found signs of a third candidate planet with a period of about 10 years, but this signal is most likely related to the star's magnetic activity cycle. [16]

Direct imaging of the outer planet 14 Herculis c with the James Webb Space Telescope is planned. [17]

The 14 Herculis planetary system [4] [16]
Companion
(in order from star)		 Mass Semimajor axis
(AU)		 Orbital period
(years)		 Eccentricity Inclination Radius
b 8.5+1.0
−0.8  MJ 		2.845+0.038
−0.039		4.8393±0.00060.372±0.00135.7±3.2 ° —
c 7.1+1.0
−0.6  MJ 		27.4+16
−7.9		142.8±2.80.65±0.0682±14 ° —

See also

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">14 Herculis b</span> Extrasolar planet in the constellation Hercules

14 Herculis b or 14 Her b is an exoplanet approximately 58.4 light-years away in the constellation of Hercules. The planet was found orbiting the star 14 Herculis, with a mass that would make the planet a Jovian planet roughly the same size as Jupiter but much more massive. It was discovered in July 1998 by the Geneva Extrasolar Planet Search team. The discovery was formally published in 2003. At the time of discovery it was the extrasolar planet with the longest orbital period, though longer-period planets have subsequently been discovered.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HD 154345 b</span> Jupiter-Like exoplanet orbiting the star HD 154345 b

HD 154345 b is a Jupiter-mass extrasolar planet orbiting the star HD 154345.

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14 Herculis c or 14 Her c is an exoplanet approximately 58.4 light-years away in the constellation of Hercules. The planet was found orbiting the star 14 Herculis, with a mass that would make the planet a gas giant roughly the same size as Jupiter but much more massive. It was discovered on November 17, 2005 and published on November 2, 2006, although its existence was not confirmed until 2021.

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HD 4203 is a single star in the equatorial constellation of Pisces, near the northern constellation border with Andromeda. It has a yellow hue and is too faint to be viewed with the naked eye, having an apparent visual magnitude of 8.70. The distance to this object is 266 light years based on parallax, but it is drifting closer to the Sun with a radial velocity of −14 km/s.

HD 30177 is a single star with a pair of orbiting exoplanets in the southern constellation Dorado. Based on parallax measurements, it is located at a distance of 181 light years from the Sun. It has an absolute magnitude of 4.72, but at that distance the star is too faint to be viewed by the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 8.41. The star is drifting further away with a radial velocity of 62.7 km/s.

HD 195019 is a binary star system in the northern constellation of Delphinus. The brighter star has a close orbiting exoplanet companion. This system is located at a distance of 122 light years from the Sun based on parallax measurements, but it is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −91.3 km/s. Although it has an absolute magnitude of 4.01, at that distance the system is considered too faint to be viewed with the naked eye, having a combined apparent visual magnitude of 6.87. However, it should be readily visible with a pair of binoculars or a small telescope.

HD 178911 is a triple star system with an exoplanetary companion in the northern constellation of Lyra. With a combined apparent visual magnitude of 6.70, it is a challenge to view with the naked eye. The system is located at a distance of approximately 161 light years from the Sun based on parallax measurements, but is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −38 km/s.

HD 24040 is a star with two orbiting exoplanets in the equatorial constellation of Taurus. The star is too faint to be viewed with the naked eye, having an apparent visual magnitude of 7.50. Based on parallax measurements, it is located at a distance of 152 light years. However, it is drifting closer to the Sun with a radial velocity of −9.4 km/s.

HIP 14810 c is an extrasolar planet approximately 165 light-years away in the constellation of Aries. This planet has mass at least 1.28 times that of Jupiter and orbits at 0.545 AU in an eccentric orbit. The planet was discovered by the N2K Consortium in 2006 and announced in a paper published in 2007. With the discovery of a third planet in the system which was announced in 2009, the parameters of this planet were revised.

HD 30177 b is an extrasolar planet located approximately 181.6 light-years away in the constellation of Dorado, orbiting the star HD 30177.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv: 2208.00211 . Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202243940 . S2CID   244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Anderson, E.; Francis, Ch. (2012), "XHIP: An extended hipparcos compilation", Astronomy Letters, 38 (5): 331, arXiv: 1108.4971 , Bibcode:2012AstL...38..331A, doi:10.1134/S1063773712050015, S2CID   119257644.
  3. ↑ Keenan, Philip C.; McNeil, Raymond C. (1989), "The Perkins catalog of revised MK types for the cooler stars", Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 71: 245, Bibcode:1989ApJS...71..245K, doi:10.1086/191373.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Bardalez Gagliuffi, Daniella C.; et al. (1 December 2021). "14 Her: A Likely Case of Planet–Planet Scattering". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 922 (2). L43. arXiv: 2111.06004 . Bibcode: 2021ApJ...922L..43B . doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ac382c .
  5. ↑ von Braun, Kaspar; et al. (2014). "Stellar diameters and temperatures - V. 11 newly characterized exoplanet host stars". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 438 (3): 2413–2425. arXiv: 1312.1792 . Bibcode:2014MNRAS.438.2413V. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt2360.
  6. ↑ Bonfanti, A.; et al. (2015). "Revising the ages of planet-hosting stars". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 575 (A18): 17. arXiv: 1411.4302 . Bibcode:2015A&A...575A..18B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201424951. S2CID   54555839.
  7. ↑ "14 Her". SIMBAD . Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg . Retrieved 2018-02-18.
  8. ↑ S. Feltzing and G. Gonzalez, "The nature of super-metal-rich stars* Detailed abundance analysis of 8 super-metal-rich star candidates", 2001
  9. ↑ Elisabeth Teichmann (1998-07-06). "14 Herculis: A NEW EXTRASOLAR PLANET DISCOVERED AT THE HAUTE PROVENCE OBSERVATORY" (Press release). France: L'Observatoire de Haute-Provence. Retrieved 2022-01-01.
  10. ↑ Mayor, M.; et al. (1998). "Searching for giant planets at the Haute-Provence Observatory". In Hearnshaw, J. B.; Scarfe, C. D. (eds.). Precise Stellar Radial Velocities. IAU Colloqu. 170. San Francisco: ASP.
  11. ↑ Butler, R. Paul; et al. (January 2003). "Seven New Keck Planets Orbiting G and K Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal . 582 (1): 455–466. Bibcode:2003ApJ...582..455B. doi: 10.1086/344570 .
  12. 1 2 Wittenmyer, Robert A.; et al. (January 2007). "Long-Period Objects in the Extrasolar Planetary Systems 47 Ursae Majoris and 14 Herculis". The Astrophysical Journal. 654 (1): 625–632. arXiv: astro-ph/0609117 . Bibcode: 2007ApJ...654..625W . doi: 10.1086/509110 . S2CID   14707902.
  13. ↑ Goździewski, K.; Konacki, M.; Maciejewski, A. J. (2006). "Orbital Configurations and Dynamical Stability of Multiplanet Systems around Sun-like Stars HD 202206, 14 Herculis, HD 37124, and HD 108874" (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal . 645 (1): 688–703. arXiv: astro-ph/0511463 . Bibcode:2006ApJ...645..688G. doi:10.1086/504030. S2CID   15012577.
  14. ↑ Rosenthal, Lee J.; Fulton, Benjamin J.; Hirsch, Lea A.; Isaacson, Howard T.; Howard, Andrew W.; Dedrick, Cayla M.; Sherstyuk, Ilya A.; Blunt, Sarah C.; Petigura, Erik A.; Knutson, Heather A.; Behmard, Aida; Chontos, Ashley; Crepp, Justin R.; Crossfield, Ian J. M.; Dalba, Paul A.; Fischer, Debra A.; Henry, Gregory W.; Kane, Stephen R.; Kosiarek, Molly; Marcy, Geoffrey W.; Rubenzahl, Ryan A.; Weiss, Lauren M.; Wright, Jason T. (2021), "The California Legacy Survey. I. A Catalog of 178 Planets from Precision Radial Velocity Monitoring of 719 Nearby Stars over Three Decades", The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 255 (1): 8, arXiv: 2105.11583 , Bibcode:2021ApJS..255....8R, doi: 10.3847/1538-4365/abe23c , S2CID   235186973
  15. ↑ Feng, Fabo; Butler, R. Paul; et al. (August 2022). "3D Selection of 167 Substellar Companions to Nearby Stars". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series . 262 (21): 21. arXiv: 2208.12720 . Bibcode:2022ApJS..262...21F. doi: 10.3847/1538-4365/ac7e57 . S2CID   251864022.
  16. 1 2 3 Benedict, G. F.; McArthur, B. E.; et al. (May 2023). "The 14 Her Planetary System: Companion Masses and Architecture from Radial Velocities and Astrometry". The Astronomical Journal . 166 (1): 27. arXiv: 2305.11753 . Bibcode:2023AJ....166...27B. doi: 10.3847/1538-3881/acd93a .
  17. ↑ "Solving a Solar Neighborhood Crime Scene by Imaging 14 Her c". STScI . Retrieved 29 May 2023.
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