1825 in science

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The year 1825 science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

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Astronomy

Biology

Chemistry

Earth sciences

Mathematics

Medicine

Paleontology

Technology

Awards

Births

Deaths

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Friedrich Wöhler</span> German chemist (1800–1882)

Friedrich Wöhler FRS(For) HonFRSE was a German chemist known for his work in inorganic chemistry, being the first to isolate the chemical elements beryllium and yttrium in pure metallic form. He was the first to prepare several inorganic compounds, including silane and silicon nitride.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">August Kekulé</span> German organic chemist (1829–1896)

Friedrich August Kekulé, later Friedrich August Kekule von Stradonitz, was a German organic chemist. From the 1850s until his death, Kekulé was one of the most prominent chemists in Europe, especially in theoretical chemistry. He was the principal founder of the theory of chemical structure and in particular the Kekulé structure of benzene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Justus von Liebig</span> German chemist (1803–1873)

Justus Freiherr von Liebig was a German scientist who made major contributions to agricultural and biological chemistry, and is considered one of the principal founders of organic chemistry. As a professor at the University of Giessen, he devised the modern laboratory-oriented teaching method, and for such innovations, he is regarded as one of the greatest chemistry teachers of all time. He has been described as the "father of the fertilizer industry" for his emphasis on nitrogen and trace minerals as essential plant nutrients, and his formulation of the law of the minimum, which described how plant growth relied on the scarcest nutrient resource, rather than the total amount of resources available. He also developed a manufacturing process for beef extracts, and with his consent a company, called Liebig Extract of Meat Company, was founded to exploit the concept; it later introduced the Oxo brand beef bouillon cube. He popularized an earlier invention for condensing vapors, which came to be known as the Liebig condenser.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ethyl group</span> Chemical group (–CH2CH3)

In organic chemistry, an ethyl group is an alkyl substituent with the formula −CH2CH3, derived from ethane. Ethyl is used in the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry's nomenclature of organic chemistry for a saturated two-carbon moiety in a molecule, while the prefix "eth-" is used to indicate the presence of two carbon atoms in the molecule.

The year 1827 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

The year 1828 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

The year 1831 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

The year 1832 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

The year 1813 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

The year 1796 in science and technology involved some significant events.

The year 1803 in science and technology involved some significant events.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">August Wilhelm von Hofmann</span> German chemist (1818–1892)

August Wilhelm von Hofmann was a German chemist who made considerable contributions to organic chemistry. His research on aniline helped lay the basis of the aniline-dye industry, and his research on coal tar laid the groundwork for his student Charles Mansfield's practical methods for extracting benzene and toluene and converting them into nitro compounds and amines. Hofmann's discoveries include formaldehyde, hydrazobenzene, the isonitriles, and allyl alcohol. He prepared three ethylamines and tetraethylammonium compounds and established their structural relationship to ammonia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Friedrich Konrad Beilstein</span> Russian chemist (1838–1906)

Friedrich Konrad Beilstein, was a Russian chemist and founder of the famous Handbuch der organischen Chemie. The first edition of this work, published in 1881, covered 1,500 compounds in 2,200 pages. This handbook is now known as the Beilstein database.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Isocyanic acid</span> Chemical compound (H–N=C=O)

Isocyanic acid is a chemical compound with the structural formula HNCO, which is often written as H−N=C=O. It is a colourless, volatile and poisonous substance, with a boiling point of 23.5 °C. It is the predominant tautomer of cyanic acid.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wilhelm Rudolph Fittig</span> German chemist (1835–1910)

Wilhelm Rudolph Fittig was a German chemist. He discovered the pinacol coupling reaction, mesitylene, diacetyl and biphenyl. Fittig studied the action of sodium on ketones and hydrocarbons. He discovered the Fittig reaction or Wurtz–Fittig reaction for the synthesis of alkylbenzenes, he proposed a diketone structure for benzoquinone and isolated phenanthrene from coal tar. He discovered and synthesized the first lactones and investigated structures of piperine naphthalene and fluorene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carl von Voit</span> German physiologist and dietitian

Carl von Voit was a German physiologist and dietitian.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mellitic anhydride</span> Chemical compound

Mellitic anhydride, the anhydride of mellitic acid, is an organic compound with the formula C12O9.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Benzene</span> Hydrocarbon compound consisting of a 6-sided ring

Benzene is an organic chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H6. The benzene molecule is composed of six carbon atoms joined in a planar ring with one hydrogen atom attached to each. Because it contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms, benzene is classed as a hydrocarbon.

Adolf Karl Ludwig Claus was a German chemist. He is known for his structure of benzene proposed in 1867.

Liebig–Pasteur dispute is the dispute between Justus von Liebig and Louis Pasteur on the processes and causes of fermentation.

References

  1. "Art. III.Traité de Mecanique Celeste, par M. Le Marquis De Laplace, Pair de France; &c. &c. Tome Cinquime. Paris, Bachelier: 1825. 4to. pp. 420". American Quarterly Review. Philadelphia: Carey, Lea & Carey. V (X): 310. June 1829 via Google Books.
  2. "Harlan's Fauna Americana". The North American Review. Frederick T. Gray. XXII (L): 120–136. January 1826 via Google Books.
  3. Faraday, M. (1825-06-16). "On New Compounds of Carbon and Hydrogen, and on Certain Other Products Obtained during the Decomposition of Oil by Heat". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London . 115: 440–466. doi: 10.1098/rstl.1825.0022 . JSTOR   107752 . Retrieved 2012-09-25.
  4. Kaiser, R. (1968). "'Bicarburet of Hydrogen': Reappraisal of the Discovery of Benzene in 1825 with the Analytical Methods of 1968". Angewandte Chemie (International ed.). 7 (5): 345–350. doi:10.1002/anie.196803451.
  5. "Justus von Liebig and Friedrich Wöhler". Science History Institute. June 2016.
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