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Turnout | 81.80% (first round) 80.09% (second round) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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All 130 seats in the Congress of Peru 66 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below. |
Peruportal |
General elections were held in Peru on 10 April 2016 to determine the president, vice-presidents, composition of the Congress of the Republic of Peru and the Peruvian representatives of the Andean Parliament.
In the race for the presidency, incumbent President Ollanta Humala was ineligible for re-election due to constitutional term limits. Popular Force candidate Keiko Fujimori, daughter of former President Alberto Fujimori, was the leading candidate in the first round with almost 40 per cent of the vote, but fell short of the 50 per cent majority required to avoid a second round. Peruvians for Change candidate Pedro Pablo Kuczynski narrowly beat Broad Front candidate Verónika Mendoza to finish in second and earn a place in the second round. The run-off was held on 5 June 2016. With support from those opposing Fujimori, Kuczynski won by a narrow margin of less than half a percentage point, making this the first presidential election since 2000 in which the previous election's runner-up candidate failed to secure election. He was sworn in as President on 28 July.
In the Congressional elections, Popular Force won in a landslide, receiving more than a third of the vote and winning an absolute majority of 73 out of 130 seats. Broad Front with 20 seats and Peruvians for Change with 18 seats emerged as the main opposition blocs.
On 13 November 2015, incumbent President Ollanta Humala called for a general election to be held on 10 April 2016. He said that he would respect the constitutional term limit restrictions and would not run again. [1]
The President was elected using the two-round system. The 130 members of the Congress of the Republic were elected in 25 multi-member constituencies using open list proportional representation. [2]
The presidential tickets were to be filed with the National Office of Electoral Processes (ONPE) by 10 January 2016. Congressional lists were to be filed with the ONPE by 10 February 2016.
In March 2016, presidential candidates Julio Guzmán from All for Peru and César Acuña Peralta from Alliance for Progress were barred from the elections; Guzmán due to a violation of party rules in the party's internal election and Acuña Peralta due to monetary giveaways during a campaign rally, a violation of an electoral law enacted by Congress in November 2015. [3]
Keiko Fujimori was a highly polarizing figure during the election. The daughter of the controversial former president Alberto Fujimori, who was serving time in prison at the time, she was popular among the poor and loyalists who credit her father with the defeat of Shining Path. This popularity allowed her to win in the first round of the presidential elections. She was viewed unfavorably by a number of people who oppose Fujimori for human rights abuses and corrupt practices, and who feared that her victory would mark a return of Fujimorismo . Mendoza, who placed third and could not stand in the runoff election, gave her full endorsement to Kuczynski, in order to prevent Fujimori's victory. [4]
Presidential tickets | ||||
Popular Action | Popular Force | Popular Alliance | Peruvians for Change | Broad Front |
Alfredo Barnechea | Keiko Fujimori | Alan García | Pedro Pablo Kuczynski | Verónika Mendoza |
---|---|---|---|---|
Member of Congress (1985–1990) | Member of Congress (2006–2011) | President of Peru (1985–1990 / 2006–2011) | President of the Council of Ministers (2005–2006) | Member of Congress (2011–2016) |
Running mates | ||||
1st: Víctor A. García Belaúnde 2nd: Edmundo del Águila | 1st: José Chlimper 2nd: Vladimiro Huaroc | 1st: Lourdes Flores 2nd: David Salazar | 1st: Martín Vizcarra 2nd: Mercedes Aráoz | 1st: Marco Arana 2nd: Alan Fairlie |
Party | Ticket | Withdrawal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name | for President | for First Vice President | for Second Vice President | Date | Motive |
Always Together Siempre Unidos | Felipe Castillo | Guillermo Ruiz | Isaac Humala | 10 February 2016 | Internal party disputes. [6] |
Peru Secure Homeland Perú Patria Segura | Renzo Reggiardo | Carlos Vicente Marca | Miluska Carrasco | Nominee claimed lack of credibility in the electoral process. [7] | |
Peruvian Nationalist Party Partido Nacionalista Peruano | Daniel Urresti | Susana Villarán | Maciste Díaz | 11 March 2016 | Party filed for withdrawal in order to preserve party registration. [8] |
Libertarian Perú Perú Libertario | Vladimir Cerrón | Jorge Paredes Terry | Jesús Zárate | 24 March 2016 | In protest of the National Jury of Elections for not disqualifying Keiko Fujimori. [9] |
Peruvian Humanist Party Partido Humanista Peruano | Yehude Simon | Rosa Mavila | Yorka Gamarra | 28 March 2016 | Party filed for withdrawal in order to preserve party registration. [10] |
Peru Nation Perú Nación | Francisco Diez Canseco | Claudio Zolla | Margarita Gamboa | 29 March 2016 | Party filed for withdrawal in order to preserve party registration. [11] |
National Solidarity Solidaridad Nacional | Hernando Guerra García | José Luna | Gustavo Rondón | Party filed for withdrawal in order to preserve party registration. [12] |
Party | Ticket | Disqualification | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name | for President | for First Vice President | for Second Vice President | Date | Motive |
Alliance for the Progress of Peru Alianza para el Progreso del Perú | César Acuña | Anel Townsend | Humberto Lay | 9 March 2016 | Disqualified for attempted vote buying in campaign trail. [3] |
All for Peru Todos por el Perú | Julio Guzmán | Juana Umasi | Carolina Lizárraga | 9 March 2016 | Disqualified for irregularities in nomination process. [3] |
The first round was held on 10 April. Exit polls indicated that Keiko Fujimori placed first in the first round of voting with approximately 40% of the vote, with Pedro Pablo Kuczynski and Veronika Mendoza each receiving approximately 20%. [13] [14]
The second round was held on 5 June. Exit polls indicated that Pedro Pablo Kuczynski held a slight lead over Keiko Fujimori. As counting continued, the gap narrowed significantly. Preliminary results gave Kuczynski a 0.25 per cent advantage over Fujimori, with less than 50,000 votes between them. Approximately 50,000 votes were challenged during the count. [15] Fujimori conceded the election to Kuczynski on 10 June. [16]
Candidate | Party | First round | Second round | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | Votes | % | |||
Keiko Fujimori | Popular Force | 6,115,073 | 39.86 | 8,555,880 | 49.88 | |
Pedro Pablo Kuczynski | Peruvians for Change | 3,228,661 | 21.05 | 8,596,937 | 50.12 | |
Verónika Mendoza | Broad Front | 2,874,940 | 18.74 | |||
Alfredo Barnechea | Popular Action | 1,069,360 | 6.97 | |||
Alan García | Popular Alliance | 894,278 | 5.83 | |||
Gregorio Santos | Direct Democracy | 613,173 | 4.00 | |||
Fernando Olivera | Hope Front | 203,103 | 1.32 | |||
Alejandro Toledo | Possible Peru | 200,012 | 1.30 | |||
Miguel Hilario | Peru Progressing | 75,870 | 0.49 | |||
Antero Flores Aráoz | Order | 65,673 | 0.43 | |||
Total | 15,340,143 | 100.00 | 17,152,817 | 100.00 | ||
Valid votes | 15,340,143 | 81.88 | 17,152,817 | 93.51 | ||
Invalid/blank votes | 3,393,987 | 18.12 | 1,190,079 | 6.49 | ||
Total votes | 18,734,130 | 100.00 | 18,342,896 | 100.00 | ||
Registered voters/turnout | 22,901,954 | 81.80 | 22,901,954 | 80.09 | ||
Source: ONPE, ONPE |
Popular Force won in a landslide, taking more than a third of the vote and an absolute majority of 73 out of 130 seats. Behind them in opposition, Peruvians for Change with 18 seats and Broad Front with 20 seats. Other parties which gained representation in Congress include Alliance for the Progress of Peru (9 seats), Popular Alliance (5 seats) and Popular Action (5 seats). [17]
Party | Votes | % | Seats | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Popular Force | 4,431,077 | 36.34 | 73 | |
Peruvians for Change | 2,007,710 | 16.46 | 18 | |
Broad Front | 1,700,052 | 13.94 | 20 | |
Alliance for the Progress of Peru | 1,125,682 | 9.23 | 9 | |
Popular Alliance | 1,013,735 | 8.31 | 5 | |
Popular Action | 877,734 | 7.20 | 5 | |
Direct Democracy | 528,301 | 4.33 | 0 | |
Possible Peru | 286,980 | 2.35 | 0 | |
Hope Front | 139,634 | 1.15 | 0 | |
Order | 68,474 | 0.56 | 0 | |
Peru Progressing | 14,663 | 0.12 | 0 | |
Total | 12,194,042 | 100.00 | 130 | |
Valid votes | 12,194,042 | 65.03 | ||
Invalid/blank votes | 6,557,222 | 34.97 | ||
Total votes | 18,751,264 | 100.00 | ||
Registered voters/turnout | 22,901,954 | 81.88 | ||
Source: JNE |
Only the three main parties obtained representation in the Andean Parliament, with Popular Force obtaining 3 seats (plus six substitutes) each, and Broad Front and Peruvians for Change obtaining only one seat (and two substitutes). Popular Force got the most votes, with 38.1% of the valid ballots. Former congressman Rolando Sousa of Popular Force obtained the most individual votes, with 407,811.
Party | Votes | % | Seats | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Popular Force | 3,842,651 | 38.10 | 3 | |
Broad Front | 1,559,027 | 15.46 | 1 | |
Peruvians for Change | 1,505,118 | 14.92 | 1 | |
Popular Alliance | 821,492 | 8.14 | 0 | |
Popular Action | 807,585 | 8.01 | 0 | |
Alliance for the Progress of Peru | 763,792 | 7.57 | 0 | |
Direct Democracy | 506,108 | 5.02 | 0 | |
Possible Peru | 220,790 | 2.19 | 0 | |
Order | 59,318 | 0.59 | 0 | |
Total | 10,085,881 | 100.00 | 5 | |
Valid votes | 10,085,881 | 53.78 | ||
Invalid/blank votes | 8,666,467 | 46.22 | ||
Total votes | 18,752,348 | 100.00 | ||
Registered voters/turnout | 22,901,954 | 81.88 | ||
Source: JNE |
Union for Peru is a Peruvian political party founded by Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, an ex-UN Secretary General, in 1994 to run for the presidency of Peru in the 1995 general elections. Originally a social democratic party, the party became the main political home of the Peruvian ethnocacerist movement in the late-2010s after a group led by former Army Major Antauro Humala joined the party. Humala later formed the Patriotic Front in 2018 and contested the 2021 general elections.
In Peru, the people directly elect a head of state as well as a legislature. The president is elected by the people for a five-year term. The unicameral Congress (Congreso) has 130 members, also elected for a five-year term by proportional representation. Peru has a multi-party system, which effectively bars one party from becoming the sole influence in a decision-making process. As such, parties must work with one another to form coalition governments. The whole election process is held by the National Jury of Elections and the National Office of Electoral Processes. Peru has compulsory voting.
Pedro Pablo Kuczynski Godard, also known simply as PPK, is a Peruvian economist, public administrator, and former politician who served as the 59th President of Peru from 2016 to 2018. He served as Prime Minister of Peru and as Minister of Economy and Finance during the presidency of Alejandro Toledo. Kuczynski resigned from the presidency on 23 March 2018, following a successful impeachment vote and days before a probable conviction vote. Since 10 April 2019 he has been in pretrial detention, due to an ongoing investigation on corruption, money laundering, and connections to Odebrecht, a public works company accused of paying bribes.
Keiko Sofía Fujimori Higuchi is a Peruvian politician. Fujimori is the eldest daughter of former Peruvian president Alberto Fujimori and Susana Higuchi. From August 1994 to November 2000, she held the role of First Lady of Peru, during her father's administrations. She has served as the leader of the Fujimorist political party Popular Force since 2010, and was a congresswoman representing the Lima Metropolitan Area, from 2006 to 2011. Fujimori ran for president in the 2011, 2016, and 2021 elections, but was defeated each time in the second round of voting.
Ollanta Moisés Humala Tasso is a Peruvian politician and former military officer who served as President of Peru from 2011 to 2016. Originally a socialist and left-wing nationalist, he is considered to have shifted towards neoliberalism and the political centre during his presidency.
Alliance for Progress is a Peruvian political party founded on December 8, 2001 in Trujillo by Cesar Acuña Peralta.
The National Solidarity Party, was a conservative Peruvian political party. Founded in 1998 for the 2000 general election to support the candidacy of Luis Castañeda Lossio, a former Lima City Council member from Popular Action. Following the end of Alberto Fujimori's regime, the party formed the National Unity coalition with the Christian People's Party and other minor parties. Led by Lourdes Flores, the coalition placed third at the 2001 and 2006 general elections, while at municipal level, it won the capital city of Lima with Castañeda as the mayoral nominee.
Luis Fernando Galarreta Velarde is a Peruvian Fujimorist politician and a former Congressman representing Lima between 2006 and 2020. He was President of the Congress for the 2017–2018 annual term. Galarreta was part of the presidential ticket of Keiko Fujimori in the 2021 elections that lost the elections to the Pedro Castillo ticket, however, he was elected to the Andean Parliament.
Popular Force, known as Force 2011 until 2012, is a right-wing populist and Fujimorist political party in Peru. The party is led by Keiko Fujimori, former congresswoman and daughter of former President Alberto Fujimori. She ran unsuccessfully for the presidency in the 2011, 2016 and 2021 presidential elections, all losing by a narrow margin.
General elections were held in Peru on 10 April 2011 to elect the president, the vice presidents, 130 members of Congress and five members of the Andean Parliament. As no presidential candidate received a majority in the first round, a second round was held on 5 June to determine the successor of outgoing president Alan García. Former army officer Ollanta Humala narrowly defeated Keiko Fujimori, daughter of imprisoned former President Alberto Fujimori. Humala was sworn in as the 94th President of Peru on 28 July.
The Socialist Party is a Peruvian political party founded in 2005. Its presidential candidate for the 2006 national election was Javier Diez Canseco. At the legislative elections held on 9 April 2006, the party won 1.2% of the popular vote but no seats in the Congress of the Republic.
The Alliance for the Great Change—PPK was an electoral alliance in Peru formed for the 2011 general election to promote the presidential candidacy of Pedro Pablo Kuczynski ("PPK").
The National Solidarity Alliance was an electoral alliance in Peru formed for the 2011 general election, dominated by the eponymous National Solidarity Party and led by presidential candidate Luis Castañeda.
Cesar Acuña Peralta is a Peruvian politician and entrepreneur in the field of education. A controversial figure in Peruvian politics, he is the founder and leader of the Alliance for Progress party, which has achieved recognition for being the first party of provincial origin to gain electoral popularity at national level since its foundation in 2001.
Verónika Fanny Mendoza Frisch is a Peruvian-French psychologist, educator, and politician. She is the founder and current leader of the New Peru movement.
Peruvians for Change was a centre-right party in Peru.
General elections were held in Peru on 11 April 2021. The presidential election, which determined the president and the vice presidents, required a run-off between the two top candidates, which was held on 6 June. The congressional elections determined the composition of the Congress of Peru, with all 130 seats contested.
Luis Carlos Antonio Iberico Núnez is an Argentine-born Peruvian journalist and politician. Throughout his journalistic career, he served in various news stations during the 1980s and 1990s. He gained prominence for his fight against the Alberto Fujimori administration, denouncing several allegations of corruption involving the press. Alongside Fernando Olivera, he presented the first "Vladi-videos" that would prove the major corruption operations headed by Intelligence Chief Vladimiro Montesinos. His role in Fujimori's downfall would gain him support in a career in politics.
No to Keiko is a Peruvian non-profit social movement with the objectives of "[making] sure the [Peruvian] population is aware that Keiko [Fujimori] is not a political alternative that can successfully maintain the sustained development of the country," and "defeating the undemocratic establishment of Fujimorism."
General elections are scheduled to be held in Peru on 12 April 2026, with proposals to bring them forward to 2023 or 2024 due to the 2022–2023 Peruvian protests rejected. The presidential elections will determine the president and the vice presidents, while the congressional elections will determine the composition of the Congress of Peru, which will return to being a bicameral legislature with a 60-seat Senate and 130-seat Chamber of Deputies.
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