2016 Peruvian general election

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2016 Peruvian general election
Flag of Peru (state).svg
Presidential election
  2011 10 April 2016 (first round)
5 June 2016 (second round)
2021  
Turnout81.80% (first round)
80.09% (second round)
  Pedro Pablo Kuczynski (cropped 2).jpg Keiko Fujimori 2 (cropped).jpg
Nominee Pedro Pablo Kuczynski Keiko Fujimori
Party PPK Popular Force
Running mate Martín Vizcarra
Mercedes Aráoz
José Chlimper
Vladimiro Huaroc [lower-alpha 1]
Popular vote8,596,9378,555,880
Percentage50.12%49.88%

2016 Peruvian presidential election - 2nd round.svg
Results of the second round by region (left) and province (right). Darker shades indicate a higher vote share.

President before election

Ollanta Humala
Peru Wins

Elected President

Pedro Pablo Kuczynski
PPK

Congressional election
  2011 10 April 2016 2020  

All 130 seats in the Congress of Peru
66 seats needed for a majority
PartyLeader%Seats+/–
Popular Force Keiko Fujimori 36.3473+36
PPK Pedro Pablo Kuczynski 16.4618New
Broad Front Marco Arana 13.9420New
APP César Acuña 9.239+7
Popular Alliance Alan García 8.315+1
Popular Action Mesías Guevara 7.2050
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
Elecciones parlamentarias de Peru de 2016 - Resultados.svg
Results of the Congressional election

General elections were held in Peru on 10 April 2016 to determine the president, vice-presidents, composition of the Congress of the Republic of Peru and the Peruvian representatives of the Andean Parliament.

In the race for the presidency, incumbent President Ollanta Humala was ineligible for re-election due to constitutional term limits. Popular Force candidate Keiko Fujimori, daughter of former President Alberto Fujimori, was the leading candidate in the first round with almost 40 per cent of the vote, but fell short of the 50 per cent majority required to avoid a second round. Peruvians for Change candidate Pedro Pablo Kuczynski narrowly beat Broad Front candidate Verónika Mendoza to finish in second and earn a place in the second round. The run-off was held on 5 June 2016. With support from those opposing Fujimori, Kuczynski won by a narrow margin of less than half a percentage point. He was sworn in as President on 28 July.

In the Congressional elections, Popular Force won in a landslide, receiving more than a third of the vote and winning an absolute majority of 73 out of 130 seats. Broad Front with 20 seats and Peruvians for Change with 18 seats emerged as the main opposition blocs.

Background

On 13 November 2015, incumbent President Ollanta Humala called for a general election to be held on 10 April 2016. He said that he would respect the constitutional term limit restrictions and would not run again. [1]

Electoral system

The President was elected using the two-round system. The 130 members of the Congress of the Republic were elected in 25 multi-member constituencies using open list proportional representation. [2]

Presidential nominees

Campaign highlights

The presidential tickets were to be filed with the National Office of Electoral Processes (ONPE) by 10 January 2016. Congressional lists were to be filed with the ONPE by 10 February 2016.

In March 2016, presidential candidates Julio Guzmán from All for Peru and César Acuña Peralta from Alliance for Progress were barred from the elections; Guzmán due to a violation of party rules in the party's internal election and Acuña Peralta due to monetary giveaways during a campaign rally, a violation of an electoral law enacted by Congress in November 2015. [3]

Keiko Fujimori was a highly polarizing figure during the election. The daughter of the controversial former president Alberto Fujimori, who was serving time in prison at the time, she was popular among the poor and loyalists who credit her father with the defeat of Shining Path. This popularity allowed her to win in the first round of the presidential elections. She was viewed unfavorably by a number of people who oppose Fujimori for human rights abuses and corrupt practices, and who feared that her victory would mark a return of Fujimorismo . Mendoza, who placed third and could not stand in the runoff election, gave her full endorsement to Kuczynski, in order to prevent Fujimori's victory. [4]

Main presidential nominees

Presidential tickets
Popular Action Popular Force Popular Alliance Peruvians for Change Broad Front
Accion Popular.png
Fuerza popular.svg
Logo Alianza Popular 2016.jpg
Peruanos Por el Kambio.png
Logo-frente-amplio-Peru-alt.svg
Alfredo Barnechea Keiko Fujimori Alan García Pedro Pablo Kuczynski Verónika Mendoza
Barnechea.jpg
Keiko Fujimori 2 (cropped).jpg
Alan Garcia 2008.jpg
Pedro Pablo Kuczynski Godard.jpg
Veronika Mendoza Frisch.jpg
Member of Congress
(1985–1990)
Member of Congress
(2006–2011)
President of Peru
(1985–1990 / 2006–2011)
President of the Council of Ministers
(2005–2006)
Member of Congress
(2011–2016)
Running mates
1st: Víctor A. García Belaúnde
2nd: Edmundo del Águila
1st: José Chlimper
2nd: Vladimiro Huaroc
1st: Lourdes Flores
2nd: David Salazar
1st: Martín Vizcarra
2nd: Mercedes Aráoz
1st: Marco Arana
2nd: Alan Fairlie

Minor presidential nominees

Withdrawn nominees

PartyTicketWithdrawal
Namefor Presidentfor First Vice Presidentfor Second Vice PresidentDateMotive
Always Together
Siempre Unidos
Felipe CastilloGuillermo Ruiz Isaac Humala 10 February 2016Internal party disputes. [6]
Peru Secure Homeland
Perú Patria Segura
Renzo Reggiardo Carlos Vicente MarcaMiluska CarrascoNominee claimed lack of credibility in the electoral process. [7]
Peruvian Nationalist Party
Partido Nacionalista Peruano
Daniel Urresti Susana Villarán Maciste Díaz11 March 2016Party filed for withdrawal in order to preserve party registration. [8]
Libertarian Perú
Perú Libertario
Vladimir Cerrón Jorge Paredes Terry Jesús Zárate24 March 2016In protest of the National Jury of Elections for not disqualifying Keiko Fujimori. [9]
Peruvian Humanist Party
Partido Humanista Peruano
Yehude Simon Rosa MavilaYorka Gamarra28 March 2016Party filed for withdrawal in order to preserve party registration. [10]
Peru Nation
Perú Nación
Francisco Diez Canseco Claudio Zolla Margarita Gamboa29 March 2016Party filed for withdrawal in order to preserve party registration. [11]
National Solidarity
Solidaridad Nacional
Hernando Guerra García José Luna Gustavo RondónParty filed for withdrawal in order to preserve party registration. [12]

Disqualified nominees

PartyTicketDisqualification
Namefor Presidentfor First Vice Presidentfor Second Vice PresidentDateMotive
Alliance for the Progress of Peru
Alianza para el Progreso del Perú
César Acuña Anel Townsend Humberto Lay 9 March 2016Disqualified for attempted vote buying in campaign trail. [3]
All for Peru
Todos por el Perú
Julio Guzmán Juana Umasi Carolina Lizárraga 9 March 2016Disqualified for irregularities in nomination process. [3]

Opinion polls

Results

President

Leading candidate by region in the second round. Balotaje2016regional.png
Leading candidate by region in the second round.
Leading candidate by province in the second round. Balotaje2016provincial.png
Leading candidate by province in the second round.

The first round was held on 10 April. Exit polls indicated that Keiko Fujimori placed first in the first round of voting with approximately 40% of the vote, with Pedro Pablo Kuczynski and Veronika Mendoza each receiving approximately 20%. [13] [14]

The second round was held on 5 June. Exit polls indicated that Pedro Pablo Kuczynski held a slight lead over Keiko Fujimori. As counting continued, the gap narrowed significantly. Preliminary results gave Kuczynski a 0.25 per cent advantage over Fujimori, with less than 50,000 votes between them. Approximately 50,000 votes were challenged during the count. [15] Fujimori conceded the election to Kuczynski on 10 June. [16]

CandidatePartyFirst roundSecond round
Votes%Votes%
Keiko Fujimori Popular Force 6,115,07339.868,555,88049.88
Pedro Pablo Kuczynski Peruvians for Change 3,228,66121.058,596,93750.12
Verónika Mendoza Broad Front 2,874,94018.74
Alfredo Barnechea Popular Action 1,069,3606.97
Alan García Popular Alliance 894,2785.83
Gregorio Santos Direct Democracy 613,1734.00
Fernando Olivera Hope Front 203,1031.32
Alejandro Toledo Possible Peru 200,0121.30
Miguel Hilario Peru Progressing 75,8700.49
Antero Flores Aráoz Order 65,6730.43
Total15,340,143100.0017,152,817100.00
Valid votes15,340,14381.8817,152,81793.51
Invalid/blank votes3,393,98718.121,190,0796.49
Total votes18,734,130100.0018,342,896100.00
Registered voters/turnout22,901,95481.8022,901,95480.09
Source: ONPE, ONPE

Congress

Popular Force won in a landslide, taking more than a third of the vote and an absolute majority of 73 out of 130 seats. Behind them in opposition, Peruvians for Change with 18 seats and Broad Front with 20 seats. Other parties which gained representation in Congress include Alliance for the Progress of Peru (9 seats), Popular Alliance (5 seats) and Popular Action (5 seats). [17]

Congreso Peru elecciones 2016.svg
PartyVotes%Seats
Popular Force 4,431,07736.3473
Peruvians for Change 2,007,71016.4618
Broad Front 1,700,05213.9420
Alliance for the Progress of Peru 1,125,6829.239
Popular Alliance 1,013,7358.315
Popular Action 877,7347.205
Direct Democracy 528,3014.330
Possible Peru 286,9802.350
Hope Front 139,6341.150
Order 68,4740.560
Peru Progressing 14,6630.120
Total12,194,042100.00130
Valid votes12,194,04265.03
Invalid/blank votes6,557,22234.97
Total votes18,751,264100.00
Registered voters/turnout22,901,95481.88
Source: JNE

Andean Parliament

Only the three main parties obtained representation in the Andean Parliament, with Popular Force obtaining 3 seats (plus six substitutes) each, and Broad Front and Peruvians for Change obtaining only one seat (and two substitutes). Popular Force got the most votes, with 38.1% of the valid ballots. Former congressman Rolando Sousa of Popular Force obtained the most individual votes, with 407,811.

PartyVotes%Seats
Popular Force 3,842,65138.103
Broad Front 1,559,02715.461
Peruvians for Change 1,505,11814.921
Popular Alliance 821,4928.140
Popular Action 807,5858.010
Alliance for the Progress of Peru 763,7927.570
Direct Democracy 506,1085.020
Possible Peru 220,7902.190
Order 59,3180.590
Total10,085,881100.005
Valid votes10,085,88153.78
Invalid/blank votes8,666,46746.22
Total votes18,752,348100.00
Registered voters/turnout22,901,95481.88
Source: JNE

Notes

  1. Excluded from campaign

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