2021 Alberta referendum

Last updated
Equalization payments referendum
Flag of Alberta.svg
October 18, 2021 (2021-10-18)
Should Section 36(2) of the Constitution Act, 1982 — Parliament and the Government of Canada’s commitment to the principle of making equalization payments — be removed from the Constitution?
Results
Choice
Votes %
Check-71-128-204-brightblue.svgYes642,50161.68%
Light brown x.svgNo399,16938.32%
Valid votes1,041,67095.34%
Invalid or blank votes50,9694.66%
Total votes1,092,639100.00%
Registered voters/turnout2,822,30338.71%
Daylight saving time referendum
October 18, 2021 (2021-10-18)
Do you want Alberta to adopt year-round Daylight Saving Time, which is summer hours, eliminating the need to change our clocks twice a year?
Results
Choice
Votes %
Check-71-128-204-brightblue.svg Yes531,78249.76%
Light brown x.svg No536,87450.24%
Valid votes1,068,65697.78%
Invalid or blank votes24,3042.22%
Total votes1,092,960100.00%
Registered voters/turnout2,822,30338.73%

On October 18, 2021, a referendum was held in Alberta, Canada on two questions, whether equalization payments should be eliminated from the Constitution of Canada, and whether the province should observe daylight saving time year-round. [1] The referendum was held as part of the 2021 Alberta municipal elections and the Senate nominee election. [2] [3]

Contents

History

Equalization

Canada was created as a federal state with a financial relationship between the federal and provincial governments. Currently, there are three primary forms of transfers provided by the federal government to provinces. [4] The Canada Health Transfer is a per-capita transfer payment program in support of the health systems of the provinces and territories of Canada, and represents approximately 47 per cent of major federal transfers. [4] Funds provided through the Canadian Health Transfer must be used by provinces and territories for the purposes of "maintaining the national criteria" for publicly provided health care in Canada (as set out in the Canada Health Act ). The second form of transfer is the Canada Social Transfer, a per-capita transfer in support of post-secondary education, social assistance, and social services, including early childhood development and early learning and childcare, which represents 20 per cent of major federal transfers. The third major program is equalization, which represents approximately 25 per cent of major federal transfers. [4] Equalization is intended to address fiscal disparities among Canadian provinces based on estimates of provinces' fiscal capacity—their ability to generate tax revenues. [5]

The equalization program began in 1957 under Progressive Conservative Prime Minister John Diefenbaker to mitigate horizontal fiscal imbalance between provinces. [6] Successive Alberta governments and popular opinion in the province have decried the equalization formula, noting that Alberta has not received funding under the equalization program since 1965. [7] The current equalization formula was implemented shortly after Stephen Harper's Conservative Party of Canada formed a minority government after the 2006 Canadian federal election. [8] Shortly before the election, Liberal Finance Minister Ralph Goodale formed the "Expert Panel on Equalization and Territorial Formula Financing" chaired by Al O'Brien—a former Government of Alberta deputy minister—to produce a report on the future of equalization. The report titled "Achieving a National Purpose: Putting Equalization Back on Track" [9] was tabled in parliament in May 2006. The Harper government used the report as a basis for reforms to the equalization program. [8]

The equalization referendum question asks whether Section 36(2) which expounds the principle of making equalization payments be removed from the Constitution Act, 1982 . The amending formula for the Canadian Constitution requires agreement from seven provinces representing 50 per cent of the population of Canada (7+50 formula) and a "yes" vote by a single province in a referendum does not have legal consequence, as a provincial government cannot unilaterally modify equalization. [10]

Daylight saving time

In 1948, the Government of Alberta formally set the province's time zone with the passage of The Daylight Saving Time Act, [11] which mandated the entire province observe Mountain Standard Time, and prevented any municipality from observing daylight saving time or any other time zone. The bill came after Calgary (1946 and 1947), and Edmonton (1946) held municipal plebiscites which approved the move to daylight saving time.

Alberta's urban municipalities were largely in favour of daylight saving time and pressured the provincial government to hold a provincial plebiscite or permit municipalities to observe daylight saving time. [12] The effort in the Legislature was spearheaded by Liberal MLA and Calgary Alderman Bill Dickie who in March 1964 brought forward a motion to permit municipalities to hold plebiscites on the issue; the motion was defeated by the Social Credit government. At the time Social Credit MLA William Patterson described daylight saving time as "that fandangled thing", and Minister Allen Russell Patrick stated that municipal daylight saving time would be difficult for tourists to understand. [13]

The Social Credit government finally gave in to the request for a provincial plebiscite on daylight saving time, approving a motion by Bill Dickie put forward in February 1966. [14] On March 29, 1966, Minister Alfred Hooke introduced An Act to amend The Daylight Saving Time Act (Bill 75) amending the Daylight Saving Time Act [15] to permit the government to hold a plebiscite on the issue. Alberta voters were asked the question "Do you favour Province-wide Daylight Saving Time?" during the 1967 Alberta general election. A narrow majority of 51.25 per cent of voters rejected daylight saving time, which were primarily located in rural areas, while strong support for daylight saving time was seen in Calgary, Edmonton, Lethbridge and Medicine Hat.

Across Canada, by 1967, each province besides Alberta and Saskatchewan had adopted daylight saving time. Many Alberta businesses provided for modified summer hours, including the Alberta Stock Exchange which started at 7 a.m. to align with exchanges in Toronto and Montreal. Air Canada released a statement expressing the difficulty of distributing flight schedules with flights to or from Alberta. [16]

After 25 years as Premier, Social Credit leader Ernest Manning stepped down officially on December 12, 1968, and his successor Harry Strom was sworn in as Premier. Only a few months later in April 1969, Strom announced Albertans would once again be asked to vote on daylight saving time in conjunction with the next scheduled provincial general election. During the announcement, Strom stated he was neutral on the topic and did not have a preference one way or another. [17] The 1971 plebiscite on daylight saving time resulted in an overwhelming majority of the Alberta population approving the transition with 61.47 per cent in favour. A statement from Unifarm, a farmer representative organization which opposed daylight saving time, admitted that the organization anticipated the proposal would pass, but also downplayed the consequences for farmers. [18] The new Progressive Conservative government highlighted the change to observe daylight saving in the Speech from the Throne in early March 1972, [19] and Attorney-General Merv Leitch announced on March 14, 1972 that Alberta would officially observe daylight saving time, with the first season's start date set for April 30, 1972, lasting until October 29, 1972. [20]

Prelude

United Conservative Party of Alberta leader Jason Kenney first promised in November 2017 to hold a provincial referendum on equalization, shortly after being named party leader in the 2017 United Conservative Party leadership election. [21] The commitment to an equalization referendum was reiterated when the United Conservative Party platform document listed the referendum as the number three commitment in the leadup to the 2019 Alberta general election, behind the party's job creation plan, and the promise to repeal the carbon tax. [22] The plan for a referendum came as a protest in the perceived lack of progress on new pipelines such as the Trans Mountain pipeline expansion. [23] The United Conservative Party was subsequently elected to form a majority government in 2019, and on April 30 Kenney was sworn in as the Premier.

Fair Deal Panel

On November 9, 2019 at the Manning Centre "What’s Next?" Conference, Kenney announced the formation of the "Fair Deal Panel" to consult with Albertans on how best to secure a "fair deal" for Alberta in Confederation. The panel was provided a list of specific measures to consider, and given a mandate to hold town halls across Alberta to hear the concerns of Albertans. Amongst the measures put forward for the Panel to review, included an Alberta Pension Plan, and establishment of an Alberta Provincial Police. [24] Along with the Fair Deal Panel, Kenney sought to demand reform to the equalization formula to exclude non-renewable resource revenue from the calculation and impose a hard cap on equalization transfers, and hold a referendum on removing equalization provisions from the Constitution Act if substantial progress is not made on a coastal pipeline and Bill C-69 is not repealed. [25]

On March 31, 2020 the Fair Deal Panel Report to Government was released outlining 25 recommendations to the government. The second recommendation of the Panel was to proceed with the proposed referendum on the question of removing equalization from the constitution. [26] Premier Kenney responded by promising to hold the referendum on equalization, and continue to study the recommendation of creating an Alberta Provincial Police and pull out of the Canada Pension Plan. [27] [28]

Alberta’s election laws were modified to allow members of the cabinet to publicly comment on the referendum, which had previously been prohibited. [29]

Reaction

Commentators such as Trevor Tombe have argued the referendum on equalization is not held to facilitate constitutional change, but instead a way to elevate Alberta's position in Confederation and get the attention of the federal government. [30] [4]

The legal argument for Alberta's constitutional referendum on equalization is based on the Supreme Court of Canada decision Reference re Secession of Quebec . In Reference re Secession of Quebec, the Court ruled that a province could not unilaterally separate from Canada following a provincial referendum, and the Court offered guidance on the response by the federal and provincial government on referendums on constitutional matters. In particular, the Court stated that "the clear repudiation of the existing constitutional order and the clear expression of the desire to pursue secession … would give rise to a reciprocal obligation on all parties to Confederation to negotiate constitutional changes to respond to that desire." As well as the statement following "[t]he corollary of a legitimate attempt by one participant in Confederation to seek an amendment to the Constitution is an obligation on all parties to come to the negotiating table." [31]

There is disagreement as to whether the Reference re Secession of Quebec decision is applicable to the equalization referendum. University of Calgary political science professor Rainer Knopff believes the "binding obligation" described is applicable. [32] Others, including University of Waterloo political science professor Emmett Macfarlane and University of Alberta law professor Eric Adams, argue that the "binding obligation" is entirely for provincial succession, and the Supreme Court opinion noted that provinces have a mechanism to initiate constitutional change through the amending formula. [33] [30] [31]

The Government of Alberta position provided by Premier Kenney is that if Albertans approve a clear question it would result in a binding obligation on the Government of Canada "to negotiate that amendment with the province in good faith." [33] [31] [34] The next step for the Alberta government would be to pass an amendment to the Constitution in the Legislative Assembly of Alberta, triggering the legal obligation for the federal government to commence formal negotiations to remove the section. [31]

Questions

On June 7, 2021 the Government of Alberta announced the referendum questions to be put before Albertans during the 2021 municipal elections. On August 9, 2021, two Order in Councils were issued under the Referendum Act finalizing the questions and election procedure.

The equalization question is: "Should Section 36(2) of the Constitution Act, 1982 — Parliament and the Government of Canada’s commitment to the principle of making equalization payments — be removed from the Constitution?" [35] [36]

The question for daylight saving time is: "Do you want Alberta to adopt year-round Daylight Saving Time, which is summer hours, eliminating the need to change our clocks twice a year?" [37]

Opinion polling

Equalization

Province-wide

Date(s) conductedYesNoUndecidedLeadSampleConducted byPolling typeNotes
12—13 October55%29%16%26%935 Mainstreet Research / Western Standard IVR
21 September—6 October43%26%28%17%1,204 Leger / Common Ground Online

Regional

  • Calgary
Date(s) conductedYesNoUndecidedLeadSampleConducted byPolling typeNotes
8—11 October50%34%16%16%502 Leger / Calgary Herald Online
  • Edmonton
Date(s) conductedYesNoUndecidedLeadSampleConducted byPolling typeNotes
8—11 October33%41%16%8%503 Leger / Edmonton Journal Online

Daylight saving time

Regional

  • Calgary
Date(s) conductedYesNoUndecidedLeadSampleConducted byPolling typeNotes
8—11 October48%44%8%4%502 Leger / Calgary Herald Online
  • Edmonton
Date(s) conductedYesNoUndecidedLeadSampleConducted byPolling typeNotes
8—11 October47%42%11%5%503 Leger / Edmonton Journal Online

Results

Equalization

End of equalization
ChoiceVotes %
Check-71-128-204-brightblue.svg Yes642,50161.88
No399,16938.32
Valid votes1,041,67095.34
Total votes1,092,639100.00
Registered voters/turnout2,822,30338.71
Results of the 2021 Referendum on Equalization by Municipality [38]
County/MunicipalityNumber of
Electors		Yes%No%Rejected
Ballots		Blank
Ballots		Yes/no
Acme 13710678.52%2921.48%22Yes
Airdrie 12,0298,16170.36%3,43829.64%430420Yes
Alberta Beach 25519276.19%6023.81%32Yes
Alix 21516078.43%4421.57%1111Yes
Alliance 786282.67%1317.33%33Yes
Amisk 605593.22%46.78%10Yes
Andrew 1509774.62%3325.38%2018Yes
Arrowwood 714570.31%1929.69%77Yes
Athabasca 73042563.62%24336.38%6250Yes
Athabasca County 2,2211,69678.92%45321.08%7266Yes
Banff 2,09373841.53%1,03958.47%316311No
Barnwell 21316783.92%3216.08%1414Yes
Barons 1078180.20%2019.80%66Yes
Barrhead 1,36690471.41%36228.59%10094Yes
Bashaw 31822774.18%7925.82%1211Yes
Bassano 42732078.05%9021.95%1717Yes
Bawlf 845769.51%2530.49%22Yes
Beaumont 4,5782,76265.10%1,48134.90%335335Yes
Beaver County 1,4621,14880.50%27819.50%3631Yes
Beaverlodge 48636277.85%10322.15%2118Yes
Beiseker 24317172.46%6527.54%76Yes
Bentley 30922977.89%6522.11%1514Yes
Berwyn 674974.24%1725.76%11Yes
Big Lakes County 1,3531,06581.42%24318.58%4537Yes
Big Valley 14510372.03%4027.97%22Yes
Birch Hills County 36529085.29%5014.71%2524Yes
Bittern Lake 806686.84%1013.16%44Yes
Black Diamond 85961073.14%22426.86%2524Yes
Blackfalds 1,3941,13081.06%26418.94%00Yes
Bon Accord 36124669.69%10730.31%85Yes
Bonnyville 1,29094678.18%26421.82%8077Yes
Bow Island 30420370.49%8529.51%1615Yes
Bowden 36727777.16%8222.84%88Yes
Boyle 25317974.90%6025.10%1412Yes
Brazeau County 2,6702,27387.19%33412.81%6359Yes
Breton 16612779.87%3220.13%74Yes
Brooks 2,5501,81175.52%58724.48%152141Yes
Bruderheim 20315878.61%4321.39%21Yes
Buffalo Lake Métis Settlement 443375.00%1125.00%00Yes
Calgary 392,780218,85658.19%157,24441.81%16,68016,463Yes
Calmar 55242278.88%11321.12%1716Yes
Camrose 5,2883,39869.33%1,50330.67%387384Yes
Camrose County 2,2931,79279.57%46020.43%4134Yes
Canmore 4,8381,56535.87%2,79864.13%475474No
Carbon 23518482.14%4017.86%1111Yes
Cardston 1,3061,00882.42%21517.58%8380Yes
Cardston County 1,3381,10886.49%17313.51%5756Yes
Carmangay 1197768.14%3631.86%64Yes
Caroline 967076.92%2123.08%55Yes
Carstairs 1,21493979.98%23520.02%4040Yes
Castor 30923179.66%5920.34%1916Yes
Champion 12510283.61%2016.39%31Yes
Chauvin 14211884.29%2215.71%22Yes
Chestermere 4,7313,33074.51%1,13925.49%262259Yes
Chipman 1087973.83%2826.17%11Yes
Claresholm 1,46999171.71%39128.29%8783Yes
Clear Hills County 60249584.47%9115.53%1615Yes
Clearwater County 3,6762,99283.74%58116.26%10387Yes
Clive 18616589.19%2010.81%11Yes
Clyde 633457.63%2542.37%44Yes
Coaldale 2,8621,91675.82%61124.18%335335Yes
Coalhurst 63242870.51%17929.49%2516Yes
Cochrane 6,8444,39566.58%2,20633.42%243240Yes
Cold Lake 2,7371,90972.81%71327.19%115112Yes
Consort 21617283.50%3416.50%107Yes
Coronation 29323182.50%4917.50%1312Yes
County of Barrhead No. 11 1,6781,30480.64%31319.36%6155Yes
County of Forty Mile No. 8 39935089.29%4210.71%77Yes
County of Grande Prairie No. 1 4,9333,93481.64%88518.36%11498Yes
County of Minburn No. 27 71947669.19%21230.81%3129Yes
County of Newell 1,5281,29086.46%20213.54%3636Yes
County of Northern Lights 71355779.57%14320.43%1310Yes
County of Paintearth No. 18 44637685.65%6314.35%76Yes
County of St. Paul No. 19 2,4951,89078.98%50321.02%102102Yes
County of Stettler No. 6 1,8771,58786.20%25413.80%3633Yes
County of Two Hills No. 21 91072279.78%18320.22%55Yes
County of Vermilion River 2,3261,93785.97%31614.03%7360Yes
County of Warner No. 5 42835085.37%6014.63%1817Yes
County of Wetaskiwin No. 10 2,7102,18381.70%48918.30%3838Yes
Coutts 746184.72%1115.28%22Yes
Cowley 483981.25%918.75%00Yes
Cremona 1449168.42%4231.58%118Yes
Crossfield 55044481.02%10418.98%22Yes
Crowsnest Pass 1,7491,21571.94%47428.06%6052Yes
Cypress County 1,8091,49484.60%27215.40%4341Yes
Czar 797089.74%810.26%11Yes
Daysland 31722876.51%7023.49%1918Yes
Delburne 17013378.24%3721.76%00Yes
Delia 534381.13%1018.87%00Yes
Devon 2,0831,39568.05%65531.95%3332Yes
Didsbury 1,6691,12073.49%40426.51%145143Yes
Donalda 957486.05%1213.95%98Yes
Donnelly 503264.00%1836.00%00Yes
Drayton Valley 1,8491,47881.88%32718.12%4439Yes
Drumheller 2,6531,80371.63%71428.37%13650Yes
Duchess 17615286.86%2313.14%11Yes
East Prairie Métis Settlement 17850.00%850.00%11N/A
Eckville 27121580.52%5219.48%44Yes
Edberg 544279.25%1120.75%10Yes
Edgerton 14711380.14%2819.86%61Yes
Edmonton 235,852108,05948.09%116,63251.91%11,16110,997No
Edson 1,7751,27876.21%39923.79%9891Yes
Elizabeth Métis Settlement 201470.00%630.00%00Yes
Elk Point 47531071.10%12628.90%3938Yes
Elnora 917076.92%2123.08%00Yes
Empress 1046970.41%2929.59%66Yes
Fairview 42833278.67%9021.33%66Yes
Falher 20115579.08%4120.92%54Yes
Fishing Lake Métis Settlement 321963.33%1136.67%21Yes
Flagstaff County 79368087.07%10112.93%1212Yes
Foothills County 4,1993,37080.64%80919.36%2019Yes
Foremost 20414877.49%4322.51%1313Yes
Forestburg 18414077.78%4022.22%44Yes
Fort Macleod 72648170.63%20029.37%4544Yes
Fort Saskatchewan 6,2693,98366.99%1,96333.01%323322Yes
Fox Creek 44333277.93%9422.07%1717Yes
Gibbons 78253971.11%21928.89%2423Yes
Girouxville 584782.46%1017.54%11Yes
Glendon 15812179.61%3120.39%65Yes
Glenwood 1248974.17%3125.83%44Yes
Grande Prairie 9,8016,38269.48%2,80430.52%615434Yes
Grimshaw 38627972.47%10627.53%11Yes
Halkirk 393487.18%512.82%00Yes
Hanna 80161881.42%14118.58%4242Yes
Hardisty 22818683.41%3716.59%55Yes
Hay Lakes 1229781.51%2218.49%31Yes
Heisler 292482.76%517.24%00Yes
High Level 43928968.65%13231.35%1816Yes
High Prairie 69342466.35%21533.65%5453Yes
High River 4,2412,90973.15%1,06826.85%264261Yes
Hill Spring 765777.03%1722.97%22Yes
Hines Creek 1108681.13%2018.87%44Yes
Hinton 2,7631,79269.38%79130.62%180164Yes
Holden 1097874.29%2725.71%44Yes
Hughenden 936471.91%2528.09%44Yes
Hussar 686088.24%811.76%00Yes
Improvement District No. 4 (Waterton)21942.86%1257.14%00No
Innisfail 2,6791,36459.10%94440.90%371371Yes
Innisfree 523063.83%1736.17%55Yes
Irma 16814587.88%2012.12%33Yes
Irricana 37028176.78%8523.22%44Yes
Jasper 1,36348838.30%78661.70%8986No
Killam 21316477.73%4722.27%22Yes
Kitscoty 23018380.62%4419.38%33Yes
Kneehill County 1,2751,04783.89%20116.11%2722Yes
Lac La Biche County 3,2192,28376.20%71323.80%223213Yes
Lac Ste. Anne County 3,0172,35080.73%56119.27%106104Yes
Lacombe 2,4641,65970.78%68529.22%120119Yes
Lacombe County 2,4902,02182.42%43117.58%3832Yes
Lamont 43931776.02%10023.98%2222Yes
Lamont County 1,14460156.12%47043.88%7368Yes
Leduc 7,0074,74671.44%1,89728.56%364357Yes
Leduc County 3,7052,86479.25%75020.75%9165Yes
Legal 37926271.98%10228.02%1512Yes
Lethbridge 28,29315,60859.19%10,76140.81%1,9241,892Yes
Lethbridge County 1,20998683.99%18816.01%3535Yes
Linden 21215879.40%4120.60%1313Yes
Lloydminster 2,1231,81385.40%31014.60%00Yes
Longview 15010872.00%4228.00%00Yes
Lougheed 674671.88%1828.13%33Yes
Mackenzie County 1,2931,08187.67%15212.33%6050Yes
Magrath 84161877.54%17922.46%4442Yes
Manning 26518973.83%6726.17%99Yes
Mannville 22515973.27%5826.73%88Yes
Marwayne 17413076.47%4023.53%44Yes
Mayerthorpe 19114175.81%4524.19%54Yes
McLennan 22013465.05%7234.95%1414Yes
Medicine Hat 19,99812,84669.39%5,66730.61%1,4851,478Yes
Milk River 43530975.37%10124.63%2524Yes
Millet 50535972.09%13927.91%77Yes
Milo 654977.78%1422.22%22Yes
Morinville 2,6401,70268.24%79231.76%146141Yes
Morrin 775576.39%1723.61%53Yes
Mountain View County 3,8503,07682.20%66617.80%108104Yes
Mundare 35224173.25%8826.75%2323Yes
Municipal Affairs [lower-alpha 1] 31418488.89%2311.11%1075Yes
Municipal District of Acadia No. 34 16013787.82%1912.18%44Yes
Municipal District of Bighorn No. 8 44923253.46%20246.54%1512Yes
Municipal District of Bonnyville No. 87 4,2723,42784.97%60615.03%239239Yes
Municipal District of Fairview No. 136 44034180.24%8419.76%1513Yes
Municipal District of Greenview No. 16 2,2251,74681.25%40318.75%7670Yes
Municipal District of Lesser Slave River No. 124 1,00977379.20%20320.80%3331Yes
Municipal District of Opportunity No. 17 96652059.98%34740.02%9999Yes
Municipal District of Peace No. 135 22216475.93%5224.07%66Yes
Municipal District of Pincher Creek No. 9 95865769.82%28430.18%1717Yes
Municipal District of Provost No. 52 69862190.52%659.48%1210Yes
Municipal District of Ranchland No. 66 262184.00%416.00%11Yes
Municipal District of Smoky River No. 130 81261378.79%16521.21%3431Yes
Municipal District of Spirit River No. 133 17714986.63%2313.37%55Yes
Municipal District of Taber 97281287.12%12012.88%4026Yes
Municipal District of Wainwright No. 61 1,3801,14484.55%20915.45%2727Yes
Municipal District of Willow Creek No. 26 1,3421,08383.95%20716.05%5251Yes
Munson 948088.89%1011.11%44Yes
Myrnam 615081.97%1118.03%00Yes
Nampa 866982.14%1517.86%22Yes
Nanton 77454872.68%20627.32%2020Yes
Nobleford 25620981.64%4718.36%00Yes
Northern Sunrise County 49435473.60%12726.40%1313Yes
Okotoks 7,5235,17072.05%2,00627.95%347346Yes
Olds 2,3611,58072.95%58627.05%195194Yes
Onoway 47634774.78%11725.22%1212Yes
Oyen 20117085.86%2814.14%33Yes
Paddle Prairie Métis Settlement 87100.00%00.00%11Yes
Paradise Valley 393179.49%820.51%00Yes
Parkland County 7,8365,61574.43%1,92925.57%292288Yes
Peace River 1,8861,14464.56%62835.44%114105Yes
Peavine Métis Settlement 452150.00%2150.00%33N/A
Penhold 83441954.56%34945.44%6666Yes
Picture Butte 22517680.37%4319.63%63Yes
Pincher Creek 1,21478868.58%36131.42%6563Yes
Ponoka 1,6061,11274.23%38625.77%108108Yes
Ponoka County 2,3201,90284.42%35115.58%6766Yes
Provost 62152386.16%8413.84%1414Yes
Rainbow Lake 595084.75%915.25%00Yes
Raymond 1,4771,11678.98%29721.02%6459Yes
Red Deer 21,75013,98068.62%6,39331.38%1,3771,370Yes
Red Deer County 6,0204,75980.85%1,12719.15%134111Yes
Redcliff 1,37798475.00%32825.00%6564Yes
Redwater 63649177.20%14522.80%00Yes
Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo 12,6168,77674.28%3,03925.72%801779Yes
Rimbey 69729365.26%15634.74%248220No
Rocky Mountain House 1,7071,24576.01%39323.99%6957Yes
Rocky View County 11,5208,42574.94%2,81825.06%277247Yes
Rockyford 1158375.45%2724.55%55Yes
Rosalind 674770.15%2029.85%00Yes
Rosemary 1129082.57%1917.43%33Yes
Rycroft 15912076.43%3723.57%22Yes
Ryley 17812271.76%4828.24%86Yes
Saddle Hills County 72757382.21%12417.79%3025Yes
Sedgewick 32325381.61%5718.39%1312Yes
Sexsmith 46735781.14%8318.86%2723Yes
Slave Lake 1,4401,05474.23%36625.77%2017Yes
Smoky Lake 48727164.99%14635.01%7070Yes
Smoky Lake County 1,03476381.34%17518.66%9695Yes
Spirit River 25018878.99%5021.01%1210Yes
Spring Lake 17610258.96%7141.04%33Yes
Spruce Grove 7,9604,93965.00%2,65935.00%362359Yes
St. Albert 17,7808,94553.06%7,91346.94%922919Yes
St. Paul 1,36789272.29%34227.71%13369Yes
Standard 1239478.33%2621.67%33Yes
Starland County 54344284.84%7915.16%2210Yes
Stavely 19415180.32%3719.68%66Yes
Stettler 1,3621,00577.37%29422.63%6333Yes
Stirling 20817584.95%3115.05%21Yes
Stony Plain 4,3272,87771.00%1,17529.00%275232Yes
Strathcona County 30,50118,30262.63%10,91937.37%1,2801,264Yes
Strathmore 3,6312,52274.24%87525.76%234234Yes
Sturgeon County 4,5543,26774.05%1,14525.95%142142Yes
Summer Village of Burnstick Lake 7350.00%350.00%11N/A
Summer Village of Golden Days 423276.19%1023.81%00Yes
Summer Village of Gull Lake 715781.43%1318.57%11Yes
Summer Village of Horseshoe Bay 191368.42%631.58%00Yes
Summer Village of Larkspur 2150.00%150.00%00N/A
Summer Village of Parkland Beach 322270.97%929.03%11Yes
Summer Village of Silver Beach 55100.00%00.00%00Yes
Summer Village of Sundance Beach 181161.11%738.89%00Yes
Summer Village of Waiparous 181270.59%529.41%10Yes
Sundre 88563875.50%20724.50%4040Yes
Swan Hills 41331478.11%8821.89%1111Yes
Sylvan Lake 3,4482,61177.94%73922.06%9894Yes
Taber 2,0811,52081.28%35018.72%211208Yes
Thorhild County 1,14789081.28%20518.72%5251Yes
Thorsby 40027871.10%11328.90%99Yes
Three Hills 1,10184079.17%22120.83%4038Yes
Tofield 40928169.38%12430.62%42Yes
Trochu 35426979.59%6920.41%1615Yes
Turner Valley 73148068.77%21831.23%3331Yes
Two Hills 27917972.76%6727.24%3333Yes
Valleyview 44731573.09%11626.91%1616Yes
Vauxhall 17312273.05%4526.95%62Yes
Vegreville 1,7601,17372.18%45227.82%135128Yes
Vermilion 1,15888276.17%27623.83%00Yes
Veteran 564888.89%611.11%21Yes
Viking 38125776.26%8023.74%4431Yes
Vilna 724866.67%2433.33%00Yes
Vulcan 45433775.73%10824.27%98Yes
Vulcan County 82670886.76%10813.24%109Yes
Wainwright 1,6191,12873.73%40226.27%8979Yes
Warburg 17613379.17%3520.83%88Yes
Warner 18412575.76%4024.24%1918Yes
Waskatenau 352982.86%617.14%00Yes
Wembley 27321279.40%5520.60%66Yes
Westlock 1,17379571.17%32228.83%5653Yes
Westlock County 1,9881,55880.52%37719.48%5352Yes
Wetaskiwin 3,4222,16769.06%97130.94%284259Yes
Wheatland County 2,1061,69083.05%34516.95%7156Yes
Whitecourt 2,1311,62080.80%38519.20%126122Yes
Woodlands County 1,6061,32483.96%25316.04%2926Yes
Yellowhead County 3,0612,46682.45%52517.55%7068Yes
Youngstown 383594.59%25.41%10Yes
Provincial Total1,092,639642,50161.68%399,16938.32%50,96949,336Yes

Daylight Saving Time

End of daylight saving time
ChoiceVotes %
Light brown x.svg No536,87450.24
Yes531,78249.76
Valid votes1,068,65697.78
Total votes1,092,960100.00
Registered voters/turnout2,822,30338.73
Results of the 2021 Referendum on Daylight Savings Time by Municipality [39]
County/MunicipalityNumber of
Electors		Yes%No%Rejected
Ballots		Blank
Ballots		Yes/no
Acme 1377856.93%5943.07%00Yes
Airdrie 12,0296,21552.35%5,65647.65%158154Yes
Alberta Beach 25512348.81%12951.19%33No
Alix 21513864.79%7535.21%22Yes
Alliance 785469.23%2430.77%00Yes
Amisk 603356.90%2543.10%21Yes
Andrew 1508560.28%5639.72%97Yes
Arrowwood 713956.52%3043.48%22Yes
Athabasca 73039155.62%31244.38%2715Yes
Athabasca County 2,2321,35061.90%83138.10%5140Yes
Banff 2,09384842.23%1,16057.77%8581No
Barnwell 21311454.55%9545.45%44Yes
Barons 1077573.53%2726.47%55Yes
Barrhead 1,36671955.22%58344.78%6448Yes
Bashaw 31816452.73%14747.27%76Yes
Bassano 42722653.94%19346.06%88Yes
Bawlf 844857.83%3542.17%11Yes
Beaumont 4,5782,17449.22%2,24350.78%161161No
Beaver County 1,46279755.58%63744.42%2826Yes
Beaverlodge 48623048.12%24851.88%83No
Beiseker 24313757.32%10242.68%42Yes
Bentley 30917859.33%12240.67%99Yes
Berwyn 673856.72%2943.28%00Yes
Big Lakes County 1,35380660.56%52539.44%2217Yes
Big Valley 1458156.64%6243.36%22Yes
Birch Hills County 36520357.18%15242.82%1010Yes
Bittern Lake 804254.55%3545.45%33Yes
Black Diamond 85946555.23%37744.77%1717Yes
Blackfalds 1,41785059.99%56740.01%00Yes
Bon Accord 36119053.52%16546.48%63Yes
Bonnyville 1,29082365.42%43534.58%3229Yes
Bow Island 30417658.09%12741.91%11Yes
Bowden 36821159.44%14440.56%1310Yes
Boyle 25014358.61%10141.39%66Yes
Brazeau County 2,6701,53058.35%1,09241.65%4844Yes
Breton 1669057.32%6742.68%96Yes
Brooks 2,5551,33854.35%1,12445.65%9382Yes
Bruderheim 20312762.87%7537.13%10Yes
Buffalo Lake Métis Settlement 442250.00%2250.00%00N/A
Calgary 392,780187,28648.49%198,95751.51%6,5376,351No
Calmar 55229254.07%24845.93%1212Yes
Camrose 5,2882,74953.08%2,43046.92%109107Yes
Camrose County 2,2931,16451.71%1,08748.29%4230Yes
Canmore 4,8381,66635.46%3,03264.54%140140No
Carbon 23514563.60%8336.40%71Yes
Cardston 1,30673657.82%53742.18%3332Yes
Cardston County 1,33880761.74%50038.26%3127Yes
Carmangay 1195447.79%5952.21%64No
Caroline 965660.22%3739.78%33Yes
Carstairs 1,21468357.06%51442.94%1717Yes
Castor 30915752.68%14147.32%118Yes
Champion 1256452.03%5947.97%20Yes
Chauvin 14210071.43%4028.57%21Yes
Chestermere 4,7312,47953.79%2,13046.21%122121Yes
Chipman 1085653.33%4946.67%33Yes
Claresholm 1,46974652.65%67147.35%5250Yes
Clear Hills County 60231553.39%27546.61%1211Yes
Clearwater County 3,6782,08257.91%1,51342.09%8371Yes
Clive 18610657.61%7842.39%21Yes
Clyde 632845.16%3454.84%11No
Coaldale 2,8621,58858.75%1,11541.25%159159Yes
Coalhurst 63234556.10%27043.90%178Yes
Cochrane 6,8443,22547.96%3,49952.04%120119No
Cold Lake 2,7371,80266.86%89333.14%4242Yes
Consort 21614269.95%6130.05%1310Yes
Coronation 29316758.19%12041.81%65Yes
County of Barrhead No. 11 1,67886953.05%76946.95%4034Yes
County of Forty Mile No. 8 39921654.68%17945.32%43Yes
County of Grande Prairie No. 1 4,9142,29447.44%2,54252.56%7859No
County of Minburn No. 27 71941860.76%27039.24%3131Yes
County of Newell 1,52873148.64%77251.36%2523No
County of Northern Lights 71340657.67%29842.33%97Yes
County of Paintearth No. 18 44623653.76%20346.24%76Yes
County of St. Paul No. 19 2,4951,48461.15%94338.85%6867Yes
County of Stettler No. 6 1,87794551.25%89948.75%3331Yes
County of Two Hills No. 21 95055658.59%39341.41%11Yes
County of Vermilion River 2,3261,44163.12%84236.88%4330Yes
County of Warner No. 5 42823054.89%18945.11%98Yes
County of Wetaskiwin No. 10 2,7101,44854.01%1,23345.99%2929Yes
Coutts 744359.72%2940.28%22Yes
Cowley 483368.75%1531.25%00Yes
Cremona 1447756.20%6043.80%74Yes
Crossfield 55031858.46%22641.54%66Yes
Crowsnest Pass 1,74998557.47%72942.53%3527Yes
Cypress County 1,8091,22668.72%55831.28%2523Yes
Czar 795064.94%2735.06%22Yes
Daysland 31718358.47%13041.53%44Yes
Delburne 17011265.88%5834.12%00Yes
Delia 532852.83%2547.17%00Yes
Devon 2,1771,03748.37%1,10751.63%3332No
Didsbury 1,66782752.34%75347.66%8785Yes
Donalda 955965.56%3134.44%54Yes
Donnelly 502552.08%2347.92%22Yes
Drayton Valley 1,84997555.30%78844.70%8683Yes
Drumheller 2,6571,39053.26%1,22046.74%4723Yes
Duchess 1769755.43%7844.57%11Yes
East Prairie Métis Settlement 171164.71%635.29%00Yes
Eckville 27114253.18%12546.82%44Yes
Edberg 543158.49%2241.51%10Yes
Edgerton 1477755.00%6345.00%72Yes
Edmonton 235,852104,18745.38%125,40854.62%6,2576,126No
Edson 1,77594354.41%79045.59%4234Yes
Elizabeth Métis Settlement 201680.00%420.00%00Yes
Elk Point 47526758.42%19041.58%1816Yes
Elnora 916673.33%2426.67%11Yes
Empress 1057168.27%3331.73%11Yes
Fairview 42820046.73%22853.27%00No
Falher 20112865.31%6834.69%55Yes
Fishing Lake Métis Settlement 321858.06%1341.94%10Yes
Flagstaff County 79338949.87%39150.13%1313No
Foothills County 4,1992,09050.33%2,06349.67%4644Yes
Foremost 20412060.00%8040.00%44Yes
Forestburg 1839552.20%8747.80%11Yes
Fort Macleod 72638554.15%32645.85%1514Yes
Fort Saskatchewan 6,2692,91647.48%3,22552.52%128126No
Fox Creek 44319444.19%24555.81%44No
Gibbons 78239451.91%36548.09%2322Yes
Girouxville 583052.63%2747.37%11Yes
Glendon 15810265.81%5334.19%32Yes
Glenwood 1246150.41%6049.59%33Yes
Grande Prairie 9,8014,14044.00%5,26956.00%392213No
Grimshaw 39217845.52%21354.48%11No
Halkirk 392256.41%1743.59%00Yes
Hanna 80143054.78%35545.22%1616Yes
Hardisty 22811650.88%11249.12%00Yes
Hay Lakes 1226150.83%5949.17%20Yes
Heisler 291450.00%1450.00%11N/A
High Level 43926360.88%16939.12%75Yes
High Prairie 69336053.41%31446.59%1919Yes
High River 4,2412,11651.95%1,95748.05%168167Yes
Hill Spring 764560.81%2939.19%22Yes
Hines Creek 1106058.82%4241.18%88Yes
Hinton 2,7631,50656.07%1,18043.93%7761Yes
Holden 1097267.29%3532.71%22Yes
Hughenden 955762.64%3437.36%44Yes
Hussar 683450.75%3349.25%10Yes
Improvement District No. 4 (Waterton)21628.57%1571.43%00No
Innisfail 2,6791,32954.33%1,11745.67%233233Yes
Innisfree 522955.77%2344.23%00Yes
Irma 16810059.52%6840.48%00Yes
Irricana 37017948.91%18751.09%40No
Jasper 1,35961145.50%73254.50%1614No
Killam 21310851.43%10248.57%33Yes
Kitscoty 23014965.07%8034.93%11Yes
Kneehill County 1,27564651.80%60148.20%2822Yes
Lac La Biche County 3,2191,91761.78%1,18638.22%116108Yes
Lac Ste. Anne County 3,0441,65556.06%1,29743.94%9286Yes
Lacombe 2,4641,21750.52%1,19249.48%5554Yes
Lacombe County 2,4741,28052.52%1,15747.48%3730Yes
Lamont 43923554.27%19845.73%66Yes
Lamont County 1,14483977.11%24922.89%5652Yes
Leduc 7,0073,43650.22%3,40649.78%165164Yes
Leduc County 3,7051,96453.90%1,68046.10%6149Yes
Legal 37920254.30%17045.70%77Yes
Lethbridge 28,29314,15851.22%13,48448.78%651632Yes
Lethbridge County 1,20957348.40%61151.60%2525No
Linden 21211154.15%9445.85%77Yes
Lloydminster 2,1421,70979.79%43320.21%00Yes
Longview 1528354.61%6945.39%00Yes
Lougheed 673350.77%3249.23%22Yes
Mackenzie County 1,29394174.45%32325.55%2926Yes
Magrath 84149859.78%33540.22%85Yes
Manning 26512648.65%13351.35%65No
Mannville 22514866.97%7333.03%44Yes
Marwayne 17410660.92%6839.08%00Yes
Mayerthorpe 19112867.37%6232.63%11Yes
McLennan 22011351.60%10648.40%11Yes
Medicine Hat 19,99812,11361.85%7,47338.15%412409Yes
Milk River 43525359.95%16940.05%1313Yes
Millet 50527668.32%12831.68%101101Yes
Milo 653656.25%2843.75%11Yes
Morinville 2,6401,38453.79%1,18946.21%6762Yes
Morrin 773849.35%3950.65%00No
Mountain View County 3,8501,95151.67%1,82548.33%7465Yes
Mundare 35222967.35%11132.65%1212Yes
Municipal Affairs [lower-alpha 1] 31413162.38%7937.62%1042No
Municipal District of Acadia No. 34 16011773.13%4326.88%00Yes
Municipal District of Bighorn No. 8 44918341.50%25858.50%84No
Municipal District of Bonnyville No. 87 4,2722,75766.51%1,38833.49%127126Yes
Municipal District of Fairview No. 136 44021851.05%20948.95%1312Yes
Municipal District of Greenview No. 16 2,2251,19255.06%97344.94%6056Yes
Municipal District of Lesser Slave River No. 124 1,00952053.17%45846.83%3129Yes
Municipal District of Opportunity No. 17 96651356.69%39243.31%6161Yes
Municipal District of Peace No. 135 22210045.87%11854.13%44No
Municipal District of Pincher Creek No. 9 95844346.73%50553.27%1010No
Municipal District of Provost No. 52 69843262.79%25637.21%109Yes
Municipal District of Ranchland No. 66 261246.15%1453.85%00No
Municipal District of Smoky River No. 130 81242553.59%36846.41%1915Yes
Municipal District of Spirit River No. 133 1778649.14%8950.86%22No
Municipal District of Taber 97249051.91%45448.09%2828Yes
Municipal District of Wainwright No. 61 1,38075655.22%61344.78%1111Yes
Municipal District of Willow Creek No. 26 1,34270153.15%61846.85%2322Yes
Munson 944548.39%4851.61%11No
Myrnam 613254.24%2745.76%22Yes
Nampa 864958.33%3541.67%22Yes
Nanton 77437849.67%38350.33%1312No
Nobleford 26013752.69%12347.31%00Yes
Northern Sunrise County 49426754.38%22445.62%33Yes
Okotoks 7,5233,52347.67%3,86852.33%132129No
Olds 2,3611,16751.18%1,11348.82%8181Yes
Onoway 47625253.73%21746.27%77Yes
Oyen 20112462.63%7437.37%33Yes
Paddle Prairie Métis Settlement 8675.00%225.00%00Yes
Paradise Valley 392461.54%1538.46%00Yes
Parkland County 7,8363,89750.89%3,76149.11%178177Yes
Peace River 1,88484746.11%99053.89%4739No
Peavine Métis Settlement 452862.22%1737.78%00Yes
Penhold 83439651.56%37248.44%6666Yes
Picture Butte 2259442.53%12757.47%42No
Pincher Creek 1,21358748.92%61351.08%1310No
Ponoka 1,60682753.11%73046.89%4949Yes
Ponoka County 2,3201,19752.04%1,10347.96%2019Yes
Provost 62144972.42%17127.58%11Yes
Rainbow Lake 593762.71%2237.29%00Yes
Raymond 1,47786158.49%61141.51%52Yes
Red Deer 21,75011,52354.60%9,58045.40%647641Yes
Red Deer County 6,0203,13453.02%2,77746.98%10980Yes
Redcliff 1,37785963.68%49036.32%2826Yes
Redwater 64737357.65%27442.35%00Yes
Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo 12,6167,49761.69%4,65638.31%463447Yes
Rimbey 70441659.94%27840.06%107Yes
Rocky Mountain House 1,70796657.84%70442.16%3734Yes
Rocky View County 11,5405,50548.56%5,83151.44%204171No
Rockyford 1156759.29%4640.71%22Yes
Rosalind 673349.25%3450.75%00No
Rosemary 1126255.86%4944.14%11Yes
Rycroft 1599660.38%6339.62%00Yes
Ryley 17811867.43%5732.57%33Yes
Saddle Hills County 72734748.74%36551.26%1513No
Sedgewick 32314545.45%17454.55%44No
Sexsmith 46721546.34%24953.66%33No
Slave Lake 1,44075452.47%68347.53%30Yes
Smoky Lake 48727160.63%17639.37%4040Yes
Smoky Lake County 1,03555858.13%40241.88%7574Yes
Spirit River 25013554.88%11145.12%44Yes
Spring Lake 1759655.81%7644.19%30Yes
Spruce Grove 7,9603,82749.03%3,97850.97%155153No
St. Albert 17,8267,37442.35%10,03857.65%414408No
St. Paul 1,36778261.14%49738.86%8836Yes
Standard 1238166.94%4033.06%22Yes
Starland County 54327953.86%23946.14%2513Yes
Stavely 19410256.04%8043.96%1212Yes
Stettler 1,36270452.97%62547.03%3315Yes
Stirling 20813565.22%7234.78%10Yes
Stony Plain 4,3272,12751.19%2,02848.81%172126Yes
Strathcona County 30,50113,65745.72%16,21354.28%631624No
Strathmore 3,6311,77850.93%1,71349.07%140139Yes
Sturgeon County 4,5542,19849.28%2,26250.72%9493No
Summer Village of Burnstick Lake 7457.14%342.86%00Yes
Summer Village of Golden Days 422150.00%2150.00%00N/A
Summer Village of Gull Lake 713651.43%3448.57%11Yes
Summer Village of Horseshoe Bay 191263.16%736.84%00Yes
Summer Village of Larkspur 2150.00%150.00%00N/A
Summer Village of Parkland Beach 321546.88%1753.13%00No
Summer Village of Silver Beach 5240.00%360.00%00No
Summer Village of Sundance Beach 18422.22%1477.78%00No
Summer Village of Waiparous 17531.25%1168.75%10No
Sundre 88550057.87%36442.13%2121Yes
Swan Hills 41325462.41%15337.59%66Yes
Sylvan Lake 3,4481,88755.80%1,49544.20%6662Yes
Taber 2,0811,17959.55%80140.45%101101Yes
Thorhild County 1,14763456.16%49543.84%1816Yes
Thorsby 40020351.13%19448.87%33Yes
Three Hills 1,10160457.20%45242.80%4524Yes
Tofield 40921352.85%19047.15%65Yes
Trochu 35417650.43%17349.57%54Yes
Turner Valley 73137953.61%32846.39%2420Yes
Two Hills 27916361.05%10438.95%1212Yes
Valleyview 44723855.09%19444.91%1515Yes
Vauxhall 1738449.70%8550.30%42No
Vegreville 1,76099558.22%71441.78%5147Yes
Vermilion 1,20467756.23%52743.77%00Yes
Veteran 564173.21%1526.79%00Yes
Viking 38121259.05%14740.95%229Yes
Vilna 724866.67%2433.33%00Yes
Vulcan 45424654.79%20345.21%54Yes
Vulcan County 82637545.90%44254.10%97No
Wainwright 1,61996260.69%62339.31%3424Yes
Warburg 17610861.71%6738.29%11Yes
Warner 18411466.28%5833.72%1211Yes
Waskatenau 352262.86%1337.14%00Yes
Wembley 27313349.26%13750.74%33No
Westlock 1,17365656.94%49643.06%2117Yes
Westlock County 1,9871,05253.65%90946.35%2624Yes
Wetaskiwin 3,4221,74054.98%1,42545.02%257234Yes
Wheatland County 2,1061,05151.39%99448.61%6146Yes
Whitecourt 2,1311,08452.75%97147.25%7673Yes
Woodlands County 1,60686854.56%72345.44%159Yes
Yellowhead County 3,0611,81260.16%1,20039.84%4947Yes
Youngstown 381233.33%2466.67%21No
Provincial Total1,092,960531,78249.76%536,87450.24%24,30422,907No

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 conducted the referendum and reported on behalf of Allison Bay Indian Reserve #219, Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation, Chipewyan Prairie First Nation, Cold Lake First Nations, Cold Lake Indian Reserve #149, Cold Lake Indian Reserve #149A, Cold Lake Indian Reserve #149B, Cold Lake Indian Reserve #149C, Dog Head Indian Reserve #218, Eden Valley Indian Reserve #216, Fort McKay First Nation, Fort McKay Indian Reserve #174, Fort McMurray #468 First Nation, Frog Lake First Nation, Gregoire Lake Indian Reserve #176, Gregoire Lake Indian Reserve #176A, Improvement District No. 24 (Wood Buffalo), Janvier Indian Reserve #194, Kananaskis Improvement District, Kehewin Cree Nation, Kehewin Indian Reserve #123, Loon Lake Indian Reserve #235, Loon River Cree, Lubicon Lake Band, Mikisew Cree First Nation, Peigan Indian Reserve #147, Piikani Nation, Puskiakiwenin Indian Reserve #122, Special Areas Board, Stoney (Bearspaw) First Nation, Stoney (Chiniki) First Nation, Stoney (Wesley) First Nation, Stoney Indian Reserve No. 142, 143 & 144 (Morley), Stoney Nakoda Nation, Sturgeon Lake Cree Nation, Sturgeon Lake Indian Reserve #154, Sturgeon Lake Indian Reserve #154A, Summer Village of Birch Cove, Summer Village of Ghost Lake, Thabacha Nare #196, Thebathi #196, Unipouheos Indian Reserve #121, Utikoomak Lake Indian Reserve #155, Utikoomak Lake Indian Reserve #155A, Whitefish (Goodfish) Lake First Nation, Whitefish Lake First Nation, Woodland Cree First Nation, Woodland Cree Indian Reserve #226, Woodland Cree Indian Reserve #228

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alberta</span> Province of Canada

Alberta is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is part of Western Canada and is one of the three prairie provinces. Alberta is bordered by British Columbia to the west, Saskatchewan to the east, the Northwest Territories (NWT) to the north, and the U.S. state of Montana to the south. It is one of the only two landlocked provinces in Canada. The eastern part of the province is occupied by the Great Plains, while the western part borders the Rocky Mountains. The province has a predominantly continental climate but experiences quick temperature changes due to air aridity. Seasonal temperature swings are less pronounced in western Alberta due to occasional Chinook winds.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Western Independence Party</span> Canadian political party

The Western Independence Party (WIP) was a Canadian political party that advocated the separation of Western Canada from Canada to form a new country from the provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba, and the Yukon and Northwest Territories.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Same-sex marriage in Alberta</span>

Same-sex marriage has been legal in Alberta since July 20, 2005 upon the granting of royal assent to the federal Civil Marriage Act. Alberta was one of the four Canadian provinces and territories where same-sex marriage had not been legalised before the enactment of the Civil Marriage Act, along with Prince Edward Island, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut.

Articles related to the Canadian province of Alberta include:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1948 Alberta general election</span>

The 1948 Alberta general election was held on August 17, 1948, to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1967 Alberta general election</span>

The 1967 Alberta general election was held on May 23, 1967, to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta to the 16th Alberta Legislature. The election was called after the 15th Alberta Legislature was prorogued on April 11, 1967, and dissolved on April 14, 1967.

The 1971 Alberta general election was the seventeenth general election held in the Province of Alberta, Canada on August 30, 1971, to elect seventy-five members of the Alberta Legislature to form the 17th Alberta Legislative Assembly.

First Nations in Alberta are a group of people who live in the Canadian province of Alberta. The First Nations are peoples recognized as Indigenous peoples or Plains Indians in Canada excluding the Inuit and the Métis. According to the 2011 Census, a population of 116,670 Albertans self-identified as First Nations. Specifically there were 96,730 First Nations people with registered Indian Status and 19,945 First Nations people without registered Indian Status. Alberta has the third largest First Nations population among the provinces and territories. From this total population, 47.3% of the population lives on an Indian reserve and the other 52.7% live in urban centres. According to the 2011 Census, the First Nations population in Edmonton totalled at 31,780, which is the second highest for any city in Canada. The First Nations population in Calgary, in reference to the 2011 Census, totalled at 17,040. There are 48 First Nations or "bands" in Alberta, belonging to nine different ethnic groups or "tribes" based on their ancestral languages.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alberta separatism</span> Advocacy for Alberta seceding from Canada

Alberta separatism comprises a series of 20th- and 21st-century movements advocating the secession of the province of Alberta from Canada, either by joining the United States, forming an independent nation or by creating a new union with one or more of Canada's western provinces. The main issues driving separatist sentiment have been the perceived power disparity relative to Ottawa and other provinces, historical grievances with the federal government dating back to the unrealized Province of Buffalo, a sense of distinctiveness with regards to Alberta's unique cultural and political identity, and Canadian fiscal policy, particularly as it pertains to the energy industry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alberta Gaming, Liquor and Cannabis Commission</span> Government agency of Alberta, Canada

The Alberta Gaming, Liquor and Cannabis Commission (AGLC) is an agency of the government of the Canadian province of Alberta, and regulates alcoholic beverages, recreational cannabis, and gaming-related activities. References to cannabis were added to AGLC's name and governing legislation as cannabis in Canada moved towards legalization in 2018. AGLC was created in 1996 as the Alberta Gaming and Liquor Commission by combining the responsibilities and operations of the Alberta Liquor Control Board (ALCB), Alberta Lotteries, the Alberta Gaming Commission, Alberta Lotteries and Gaming and the Gaming Control Branch. The current Chief Executive Officer as of 2020 is Kandice Machado.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alberta Provincial Police</span>

The Alberta Provincial Police (APP) was the provincial police service for the province of Alberta, Canada from 1917 to 1932. The APP was formed as a result of the Royal North-West Mounted Police (RNWMP) leaving the prairie provinces during the First World War due to a lack of sufficient resources in light of its increased responsibilities for national security and reluctance to again enforce Prohibition law recently put into effect by the Alberta government after its experience doing so during territorial times. The RNWMP was replaced by the newly created Alberta Provincial Police on March 1, 1917, which remained responsible for provincial policing until 1932, when it was eliminated as a cost-cutting measure during the Great Depression. The APP was known for its tumultuous beginning, battles against rum-runners and bootleggers during prohibition in Canada and the United States, as well as its remarkable efficiency and professionalism which endeared to the force to Albertans.

In Canada, the federal government makes equalization payments to provincial governments of lesser fiscal capacity so that "reasonably comparable" levels of public services can be provided at similar levels of taxation. Equalization payments are entrenched in the Constitution Act of 1982, subsection 36(2).

The 1915 Alberta liquor plebiscite was the first plebiscite to ask voters in Alberta whether the province should implement prohibition by ratifying the proposed Liquor Act. The plebiscite was the culmination of years of lobbying by the province's temperance movements and agricultural groups, and was proposed through the recently implemented form of direct democracy, the Direct Legislation Act. Alberta voters approved the plebiscite on prohibition, which was implemented eleven months after the vote. The June 21, 1915 plebiscite was the first of three province-wide plebiscites held in a seven-year period related to liquor in Alberta.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Outline of Alberta</span> Overview of and topical guide to Alberta

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Alberta:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Central Peace-Notley</span> Provincial electoral district in Alberta, Canada

Central Peace-Notley is a provincial electoral district in Alberta, Canada. The district was one of 87 districts mandated to return a single member (MLA) to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta using the first past the post method of voting. It was contested for the first time in the 2019 Alberta election.

Miranda Rosin is a Canadian politician who represented the electoral district of Banff-Kananaskis in the Legislative Assembly of Alberta for the United Conservative Party from 2019 to 2023.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lubicon Lake Band</span> Cree First Nations band government

The Lubicon Lake Band is a Cree First Nations band government in northern Alberta, Canada. Missed by government agents during the signing of Treaty 8 in 1899, the Lubicon community was long without federal support. Seeking to have their traditional title acknowledged through the creation of an Indian reserve, Lubicon representatives have maintained an active land claim since 1933. As oil and gas development changed the face of Alberta, development on Lubicon land became an increasingly pressing issue. Between 1979 and 1982, over 400 oil and gas wells were drilled around the community of Little Buffalo, the band's headquarters. Most prominently, the nation mounted a protest campaign during the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, blockading roads crossing its traditional territory in October of the same year.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Premiership of Jason Kenney</span> Aspect of Canadian politics

The premiership of Jason Kenney spanned from April 2019 until October 2022, when Jason Kenney and his cabinet were sworn in by Lieutenant Governor of Alberta, Lois Mitchell. Kenney was invited to form the 30th Alberta Legislature and became the 18th Premier of Alberta, following the 2019 Alberta general election where Kenney's United Conservative Party (UCP) won a majority of seats in the Alberta Legislature leading to the resignation of Premier Rachel Notley. Kenney stepped down as leader of the UCP party on May 18, 2022, after receiving 51.4% of the UCP party members' votes. His premiership ended shortly after Danielle Smith won the subsequent leadership election and was sworn in as premier.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2021 Calgary municipal election</span> Local elections

The 2021 Calgary municipal election was held on October 18, 2021, to elect a mayor and fourteen councillors to the Calgary City Council.

<i>Alberta Sovereignty Within a United Canada Act</i> 2022 Canadian provincial legislation

The Alberta Sovereignty Within a United Canada Act, commonly known as the Alberta Sovereignty Act, is an act introduced on November 29, 2022, the first day of the fall sitting of the 4th Session of the 30th Alberta Legislature by the Premier of Alberta, Danielle Smith, and passed on December 8, 2022. The act seeks to protect Alberta from federal laws and policies that the Alberta legislature deems to be unconstitutional or harmful to Albertans or the province's economic prosperity, in areas such as natural resources, gun control, COVID-19 public health, education, and agriculture.

References

  1. ↑ Joannou, Ashley (June 17, 2020). "Kenney says Alberta will hold referendum on equalization in 2021 as Fair Deal Panel offers 25 recommendations". Edmonton Journal . Retrieved 2021-03-19.
  2. ↑ Anderson, Drew (July 15, 2021). "Premier Jason Kenney announces equalization, daylight saving referendums". CBC News. Retrieved 2021-07-15.
  3. ↑ Lachacz, Adam (August 9, 2021). "It's official: Alberta to vote on daylight saving time and equalization in October referendum". CTV News . Edmonton. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Béland, David; Lecours, André; Paquet, Mireille; Tombe, Trevor (2020). "A Critical Juncture in Fiscal Federalism? Canada's Response to COVID-19". Canadian Journal of Political Science. 53 (2): 239–243. doi:10.1017/S0008423920000323. PMC   7198463 .
  5. ↑ Brassard-Dion 2020, p. 12.
  6. ↑ Brassard-Dion 2020, p. 11.
  7. ↑ Reiger, Sarah (July 28, 2020). "Alberta becoming a 'have not' province doesn't change issues with federation, Kenney says". CBC News . Calgary. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
  8. 1 2 Brassard-Dion 2020, p. 4.
  9. ↑ Canada. Expert Panel on Equalization and Territorial Formula Financing (May 2006). Achieving a National Purpose: Putting Equalization Back on Track (PDF). Ottawa: Department of Finance Canada. ISBN   0-662-42568-5.
  10. ↑ Leavitt, Kieran (August 20, 2019). "Alberta's equalization referendum 'political science fiction,' experts say". The Star . Edmonton. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  11. ↑ An Act Respecting the use of Daylight Saving Time within the Province , SA 1948, c 18, retrieved from CanLII on July 21, 2021
  12. ↑ "Daylight Saving Vote Sought". Edmonton Journal . July 9, 1963. p. 31. ProQuest   2396983702.
  13. ↑ Cove, Lynne (March 11, 1964). "Under the Dome". Calgary Herald . Edmonton. p. 1. ProQuest   2253643631.
  14. ↑ "Daylight Time: Legislature Votes to Hold Plebiscite". Edmonton Journal . February 25, 1966. p. 15. ProQuest   2397521988.
  15. ↑ An Act to amend The Daylight Saving Time Act , SA 1966, c 27, retrieved from CanLII on July 21, 2021
  16. ↑ "Daylight Saving...Everyone Out Of Step". Calgary Herald . April 29, 1967. p. 31. ProQuest   2253792698.
  17. ↑ Bell, Bob (April 17, 1969). "Alberta to get DST plebiscite". Edmonton Journal . p. 29. ProQuest   2397475495.
  18. ↑ Hull, Ken (August 31, 1971). "Alberta lets more sun in". Calgary Herald . p. 1. ProQuest   2258311130.
  19. ↑ "Tories put stress on human rights". Calgary Herald . March 2, 1972. p. 1. ProQuest   2258361856.
  20. ↑ "DST Starts April 30". Edmonton Journal . March 15, 1972. p. 1. ProQuest   2397658522.
  21. ↑ Horne, Devin (November 6, 2017). "Jason Kenney promises referendum on equalization payments if feds continue to push carbon tax". Global News . Retrieved 23 July 2021.
  22. ↑ United Conservatives: Alberta Strong & Free. Getting Alberta Back to Work (PDF). United Conservative Party. April 2019.
  23. ↑ "Kenney promises referendum on equalization in 2021 if no pipeline progress". CTV News . The Canadian Press. March 21, 2019. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  24. ↑ Rieger, Sarah (November 9, 2019). "Alberta addresses separatist sentiment by studying measures that would give province more autonomy". CBC News . Retrieved 23 July 2021.
  25. ↑ "Members, mandate for Fair Deal Panel announced". Government of Alberta. November 9, 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
  26. ↑ Alberta. Fair Deal Panel (May 2020). Fair Deal Panel: Report to Government (PDF). Edmonton: Treasury Board and Finance.
  27. ↑ Joannou, Ashley (June 17, 2020). "Kenney says Alberta will hold referendum on equalization in 2021 as Fair Deal Panel offers 25 recommendations". Edmonton Journal . Retrieved 23 July 2021.
  28. ↑ Bennett, Dean (June 17, 2020). "Alberta premier promises referendum on equalization reform". Global News . The Canadian Press. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  29. ↑ Kornik, Slav (April 20, 2021). "Alberta legislation would permit cabinet ministers to get involved in referendums". Global News . Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  30. 1 2 Coyne, Andrew (June 9, 2021). "Alberta's equalization vote is nonsense, but it might prove to be useful nonsense". The Globe and Mail . Retrieved 23 July 2021.
  31. 1 2 3 4 Gee, Zachary (August 4, 2021). "Can a Provincial Referendum Trigger a Legal Duty to Enter Constitutional Negotiations? Alberta's 2021 Equalization Referendum and the Reference re Secession of Quebec". Centre for Constitutional Studies. University of Alberta. Retrieved 17 August 2021.
  32. ↑ Knopff, Rainer (February 1, 2020). "Opinion: Here's how Alberta can force the provinces to renegotiate equalization". Calgary Herald . Retrieved 23 July 2021.
  33. 1 2 Adams, Eric M. (June 28, 2021). "Jason Kenney's equalization referendum is built on a crucial misinterpretation". The Globe and Mail . Retrieved 23 July 2021.
  34. ↑ Kenney, Jason (June 7, 2021). Standing up for Albertans (press conference). Government of Alberta. Retrieved August 17, 2021– via YouTube.
  35. ↑ Morton, Ted (February 27, 2021). "Morton: Alberta's equalization referendum will start dialogue on Canada's future". Calgary Herald . Retrieved March 19, 2021.
  36. ↑ "Alberta moves forward on equalization referendum, with vote proposed in October". Global News . The Canadian Press. June 7, 2021. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
  37. ↑ "Order in Council 242/2021". Queen's Printer. August 9, 2021.
  38. ↑ "Referendum Results - Equalization - October 18, 2021". Elections Alberta. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
  39. ↑ "Referendum Results - Daylight Savings Time - October 18, 2021". Elections Alberta. Retrieved 27 October 2021.
Works cited
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.