259

Last updated

Millennium: 1st millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
259 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar 259
CCLIX
Ab urbe condita 1012
Assyrian calendar 5009
Balinese saka calendar 180–181
Bengali calendar −334
Berber calendar 1209
Buddhist calendar 803
Burmese calendar −379
Byzantine calendar 5767–5768
Chinese calendar 戊寅(Earth  Tiger)
2955 or 2895
     to 
己卯年 (Earth  Rabbit)
2956 or 2896
Coptic calendar −25 – −24
Discordian calendar 1425
Ethiopian calendar 251–252
Hebrew calendar 4019–4020
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat 315–316
 - Shaka Samvat 180–181
 - Kali Yuga 3359–3360
Holocene calendar 10259
Iranian calendar 363 BP – 362 BP
Islamic calendar 374 BH – 373 BH
Javanese calendar 138–139
Julian calendar 259
CCLIX
Korean calendar 2592
Minguo calendar 1653 before ROC
民前1653年
Nanakshahi calendar −1209
Seleucid era 570/571 AG
Thai solar calendar 801–802
Tibetan calendar 阳土虎年
(male Earth-Tiger)
385 or 4 or −768
     to 
阴土兔年
(female Earth-Rabbit)
386 or 5 or −767

Year 259 ( CCLIX ) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Aemilianus and Bassus (or, less frequently, year 1012 Ab urbe condita ). The denomination 259 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

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Gallienus Roman emperor from 253 to 268

Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus was Roman emperor with his father Valerian from 253 to 260 and alone from 260 to 268. He ruled during the Crisis of the Third Century that nearly caused the collapse of the empire. He won a number of military victories against usurpers and Germanic tribes, but was unable to prevent the secession of important provinces. His 15-year reign was the longest in half a century.

The 270s decade ran from January 1, 270, to December 31, 279.

271 Calendar year

Year 271 (CCLXXI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Aurelianus and Bassus. The denomination 271 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

366 Calendar year

Year 366 (CCCLXVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Gratianus and Dagalaifus. The denomination 366 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

The 360s decade ran from January 1, 360, to December 31, 369.

The 350s decade ran from January 1, 350, to December 31, 359.

The 250s was a decade that ran from January 1, 250, to December 31, 259.

The 260s decade ran from January 1, 260, to December 31, 269.

274 Calendar year

Year 274 (CCLXXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Aurelianus and Capitolinus. The denomination 274 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

278 Calendar year

Year 278 (CCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Probus and Lupus. The denomination 278 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

260 Calendar year

Year 260 (CCLX) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Saecularis and Donatus. The denomination 260 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

268 Calendar year

Year 268 (CCLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Paternus and Egnatius. The denomination 268 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

265 Calendar year

Year 265 (CCLXV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Valerianus and Lucillus. The denomination 265 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Claudius Gothicus Roman emperor from 268 to 270

Marcus Aurelius Claudius 'Gothicus', also known as Claudius II, was Roman emperor from 268 to 270. During his reign he fought successfully against the Alemanni and decisively defeated the Goths at the Battle of Naissus. He died after succumbing to a "pestilence", possibly the Plague of Cyprian that had ravaged the provinces of the Empire.

Gallic Empire Breakaway state from the Roman Empire

The Gallic Empire or the Gallic Roman Empire are names used in modern historiography for a breakaway part of the Roman Empire that functioned de facto as a separate state from 260 to 274. It originated during the Crisis of the Third Century, when a series of Roman military leaders and aristocrats declared themselves emperors and took control of Gaul and adjacent provinces without attempting to conquer Italy or otherwise seize the central Roman administrative apparatus.

Postumus Roman emperor from 260 to 269

Marcus Cassianius Latinius Postumus was a Roman commander of Batavian origin who ruled as Emperor in the West. The Roman army in Gaul threw off its allegiance to Gallienus around the year 260, and Postumus assumed the title and powers of Emperor in the provinces of Gaul, Germania, Britannia and Hispania, thereby founding what scholars have dubbed the Gallic Empire. He ruled for the better part of ten years before he was murdered by his own troops.

Tetricus I Gallic emperor from 271 to 274 AD

Gaius Pius Esuvius Tetricus was the emperor of the Gallic Empire from 271 to 274 AD. He was originally the praeses (governor) of Gallia Aquitania and became emperor after the murder of Emperor Victorinus in 271, with the support of Victorinus's mother, Victoria. During his reign, he faced external pressure from Germanic raiders, who pillaged the eastern and northern parts of his empire, and the Roman Empire, from which the Gallic Empire had seceded. He also faced increasing internal pressure, which led him to declare his son, Tetricus II, caesar in 273 and possibly co-emperor in 274, although this is debated. The Roman emperor Aurelian invaded in 273 or 274, leading to the Battle of Châlons, at which Tetricus surrendered. Whether this capitulation was the result of a secret agreement between Tetricus and Aurelian or necessary after his defeat is debated. Aurelian spared Tetricus, and even made him a senator and corrector (governor) of Lucania et Bruttium. Tetricus died of natural causes a few years after 274.

Aureolus Usurper of the Roman Empire (died 268)

Aureolus was a Roman military commander during the reign of Emperor Gallienus before he attempted to usurp the Roman Empire. After turning against Gallienus, Aureolus was killed during the political turmoil that surrounded the Emperor's assassination in a conspiracy orchestrated by his senior officers. Aureolus is known as one of the Thirty Tyrants and is referenced in ancient sources including the Historia Augusta, Zonaras' epitome and Zosimus' Historia Nova, as well as in John Bray's biography of Gallienus.

Saloninus Roman nobleman and briefly emperor (c. 242 – 260)

Publius Licinius Cornelius Saloninus Valerianus, typically just called Saloninus, was a Roman nobleman who briefly became Emperor in 260. The grandson of Valerian I, Saloninus was appointed (subordinate) Caesar in 258 in an attempt to shore up the Licinial line of succession during the Crisis of the Third Century. During his time in power, Saloninus administered the German marches out of Cologne. Nevertheless, Saloninus soon became embroiled in a dispute with future Caesar of the Gallic Empire Postumus over war spoils. In 260, Saloninus' troops acclaimed him Emperor in an unsuccessful bid for political legitimacy; Postumus killed Saloninus shortly thereafter.

Battle of Mediolanum Battle during the Roman-Germanic wars (259)

The Battle of Mediolanum took place in 259, between the Alemanni and the Roman legions under the command of Emperor Gallienus.

References

  1. Butler, Alban; Burns, Paul (January 1, 1995). Butler's Lives of the Saints. A&C Black. p. 151. ISBN   978-0-86012-260-9.
  2. McMahon, Keith (June 6, 2013). Women Shall Not Rule: Imperial Wives and Concubines in China from Han to Liao. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 125. ISBN   978-1-4422-2290-8.