25 Phocaea

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25 Phocaea
25Phocaea (Lightcurve Inversion).png
Lightcurve-base 3D-model of Phocaea
Discovery  [1] [2]
Discovered by J. Chacornac
Discovery site Marseille Obs.
Discovery date6 April 1853
Designations
(25) Phocaea
Pronunciation /foʊˈsiːə/ [3]
Named after
 Phōcæa   [4]
(ancient Greek city)
1956 GC
main-belt  ·(inner)
Phocaea   [5] [6]
Adjectives Phocaean /foʊˈsiːən/ [7]
Orbital characteristics   [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc 157.44 yr (57,504 days)
Aphelion 3.0104 AU
Perihelion 1.7899 AU
2.4001 AU
Eccentricity 0.2543
3.72 yr (1,358 days)
13.891°
0° 15m 54.36s / day
Inclination 21.606°
214.14°
90.245°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions61.05±2.46 km [8]
61.054±2.463 km [8]
71 km [9]
75.13±3.6 km [5] [10]
80.19±4.66 km [11]
82±8 km [12]
83.21±0.96 km [13]
Mass (5.99 ± 0.60) × 1017 kg [11]
Mean density
2.21±0.44 g/cm3 [11]
9.92±0.05 h [14]
9.9341±0.0002 h [15]
9.935±0.003 h [16]
9.945±0.002 h [17]
9.945 h [18]
9.95±0.01 h [14]
0.189±0.005 [13]
0.2310±0.024 [5] [10]
0.350±0.046 [8]
Tholen = S   [1]
SMASS = S   [1] [5]  · S   [19]
B–V = 0.932  [1]
U–B = 0.513  [1]
7.83 [1] [5] [8] [10] [13]  ·7.90±0.25 [20]

    25 Phocaea ( /foʊˈsiːə/ ) is a stony asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 75 kilometers in diameter. It is the parent body of the Phocaea family. Discovered by Jean Chacornac in 1853, it was named after the ancient Greek city of Phocaea.

    Contents

    Discovery and naming

    Phocaea was discovered on 6 April 1853, by French astronomer Jean Chacornac at Marseille Observatory in southern France. [2] It was his first asteroid discovery out of a total of six.[ citation needed ] The asteroid was named after the ancient Ionian Greek city of Phocaea, modern-day Foça in Turkey, where the founders of Marseille came from. [4] The naming was proposed by French astronomer Benjamin Valz. [4]

    Classification and orbit

    Phocaea is the parent body and namesake of the Phocaea family ( 701 ), a large asteroid family of stony asteroids in the inner main belt. [6] [21] : 23 

    It orbits the Sun at a distance of 1.8–3.0  AU once every 3 years and 9 months (1,358 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.25 and an inclination of 22° with respect to the ecliptic. [1] The body's observation arc begins at Vienna Observatory in March 1860, almost 7 years after its official discovery observation at Marseille. [2]

    Physical characteristics

    Phocaea is a stony S-type asteroid in both the Tholen and SMASS classification, [1] and has also been characterized as such by others. [19]

    Photometric observations of this asteroid at the Organ Mesa Observatory in Las Cruces, New Mexico during 2010 gave a lightcurve with a period of 9.9341 ± 0.0002 hours. The brightness near the deepest minimum of the light curve showed changes with phase angle, which is the result of shadows extending across surface irregularities. [15] Several other lightcurves have also been obtained. [5]

    Phocaea has also been studied by radar. [22]

    According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Phocaea measures between 61.05 and 83.21 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.189 and 0.350. [8] [9] [10] [12] [13]

    The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.2310 and a diameter of 75.13 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 7.83. [5]

    The asteroid has a mass of (5.99 ± 0.60) × 1017 kilograms and a mean density of 2.21±0.44 grams per cubic centimeters, which lies approximately in between the density of limestone and concrete/gravel. [11]

    Related Research Articles

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    <span class="mw-page-title-main">1095 Tulipa</span> Eos asteroid

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    1146 Biarmia, provisional designation 1929 JF, is a metallic background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 32 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 7 May 1929, by Russian astronomer Grigory Neujmin at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula. The asteroid was named for the Bjarmaland mentioned in Norse sagas.

    2797 Teucer is a large Jupiter trojan from the Greek camp, approximately 110 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 4 June 1981, by American astronomer Edward Bowell at the Anderson Mesa Station near Flagstaff, Arizona, in the United States. The dark D-type asteroid belongs to the 20 largest Jupiter trojans and has a rotation period of 10.15 hours. It was named after the Greek hero and great archer, Teucer.

    3709 Polypoites is a large Jupiter trojan from the Greek camp, approximately 85 kilometers in diameter. The Trojan asteroid was discovered on 14 October 1985, by American astronomer Carolyn Shoemaker at the Palomar Observatory in California, United States, and named after Polypoites from Greek mythology. The dark D-type asteroid belongs to the 50 largest Jupiter trojans. It has a rotation period of 10 hours and possibly a spherical shape.

    2241 Alcathous is a large Jupiter trojan from the Trojan camp, approximately 115 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 22 November 1979, by American astronomer Charles Kowal at the Palomar Observatory in southern California, United States. The dark D-type asteroid belongs to the 20 largest Jupiter trojans and has a rotation period of 7.7 hours. It was named after Alcathous from Greek mythology.

    1622 Chacornac is a stony Flora asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 9 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 15 March 1952, by French astronomer Alfred Schmitt at the Royal Observatory of Belgium in Uccle, and named after astronomer Jean Chacornac.

    4060 Deipylos is a large Jupiter trojan from the Greek camp, approximately 84 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 17 December 1987, by astronomers Eric Elst and Guido Pizarro at ESO's La Silla Observatory in northern Chile. The transitional C-type asteroid belongs to the 40 largest Jupiter trojans and has rotation period of 9.3 hours. It was named after Deipylos from Greek mythology.

    4063 Euforbo is a large Jupiter trojan from the Greek camp, approximately 100 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 1 February 1989, by Italian astronomers at the San Vittore Observatory near Bologna, Italy. The dark D-type asteroid is one of the 25 largest Jupiter trojans and has a rotation period of 8.8 hours. It was named after Euphorbus (Euforbo) from Greek mythology.

    1284 Latvia, provisional designation 1933 OP, is a rare-type asteroid from the middle region of the asteroid belt, approximately 37 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 27 July 1933, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory in southern Germany, and named after the Republic of Latvia.

    2696 Magion, provisional designation 1980 HB, is a dark background asteroid and a slow rotator from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 21 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 16 April 1980, by Slovak astronomer Ladislav Brožek at the Kleť Observatory in former Czechoslovakia. The X-type asteroid has an ambiguous rotation period of 480 hours and is possibly a tumbler. It was named for the first Czechoslovak satellite, Magion 1, launched in 1978.

    4833 Meges is a large Jupiter trojan from the Greek camp, approximately 85 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 8 January 1989, by American astronomer Carolyn Shoemaker at the Palomar Observatory in California. The D-type asteroid belongs to the 40 largest Jupiter trojans and has a rotation period of 14.25 hours. It was named after Meges from Greek mythology.

    4068 Menestheus is a dark Jupiter trojan from the Greek camp, approximately 67 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 19 September 1973, by Dutch astronomers Ingrid and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden, on photographic plates taken by Tom Gehrels at the Palomar Observatory in California, United States. The D-type asteroid belongs to the 60 largest Jupiter trojans and has a rotation period of 14.4 hours. It was named after the Athen leader Menestheus from Greek mythology.

    1318 Nerina, provisional designation 1934 FG, is a Phocaea asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 13 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 24 March 1934, by South African astronomer Cyril Jackson at the Union Observatory in Johannesburg. The possibly metallic X-type asteroid has a notably short rotation period of 2.5 hours. It was named for the flowering plant Nerine, also known as "Guernsey lily" or "Jersey lily".

    2674 Pandarus is a large Jupiter trojan from the Trojan camp, approximately 98 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 27 January 1982, by astronomers at Harvard's Oak Ridge Observatory near Harvard, Massachusetts, in the United States. The likely elongated D-type asteroid has a rotation period of 8.48 hours and belongs to the 50 largest Jupiter trojans. It was named after Pandarus from Greek mythology.

    3317 Paris, provisional designation 1984 KF, is a large Jupiter trojan from the Trojan camp, approximately 119 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 26 May 1984 by American astronomer couple Carolyn and Eugene Shoemaker at Palomar Observatory in California, United States. The unusual and likely spherical T-type asteroid is one of the largest Jupiter trojans and has a rotation period of 7.1 hours. It was named after Trojan prince Paris from Greek mythology.

    2893 Peiroos is a large Jupiter trojan from the Trojan camp, approximately 87 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 30 August 1975, by astronomers of the Felix Aguilar Observatory at the Leoncito Astronomical Complex in Argentina. The D-type asteroid has a rotation period of 8.96 hours and belongs to the 40 largest Jupiter trojans. It was named after Peiroos (Peirous) from Greek mythology.

    1481 Tübingia, provisional designation 1938 DR, is a dark asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 34 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 7 February 1938, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory in southern Germany, and named for the German city of Tübingen.

    References

    1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 25 Phocaea" (2017-08-19 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
    2. 1 2 3 "25 Phocaea". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
    3. ↑ Noah Webster (1884) A Practical Dictionary of the English Language
    4. 1 2 3 Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(25) Phocaea". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 17. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_26. ISBN   978-3-540-00238-3.
    5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "LCDB Data for (25) Phocaea". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 1 November 2017.
    6. 1 2 "Asteroid 25 Phocaea". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 24 October 2019.
    7. ↑ "Phocæan" . Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press.(Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
    8. 1 2 3 4 5 Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 759 (1): 5. arXiv: 1209.5794 . Bibcode:2012ApJ...759L...8M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8 . Retrieved 1 November 2017.
    9. 1 2 Marchis, F.; Kaasalainen, M.; Hom, E. F. Y.; Berthier, J.; Enriquez, J.; Hestroffer, D.; et al. (November 2006). "Shape, size and multiplicity of main-belt asteroids. I. Keck Adaptive Optics survey". Icarus. 185 (1): 39–63. Bibcode:2006Icar..185...39M. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2006.06.001. PMC   2600456 . PMID   19081813.
    10. 1 2 3 4 Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System – IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T . Retrieved 17 October 2019.
    11. 1 2 3 4 Carry, B. (December 2012), "Density of asteroids", Planetary and Space Science, 73 (1): 98–118, arXiv: 1203.4336 , Bibcode:2012P&SS...73...98C, doi:10.1016/j.pss.2012.03.009 See Table 1.
    12. 1 2 Lim, Lucy F.; McConnochie, Timothy H.; Bell, James F.; Hayward, Thomas L. (February 2005). "Thermal infrared (8 13 mum) spectra of 29 asteroids: the Cornell Mid-Infrared Asteroid Spectroscopy (MIDAS) Survey". Icarus. 173 (2): 385–408. Bibcode:2005Icar..173..385L. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.08.005 . Retrieved 1 November 2017.
    13. 1 2 3 4 Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    14. 1 2 Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (25) Phocaea". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
    15. 1 2 Pilcher, Frederick (April 2011). "Rotation Period Determinations for 25 Phocaea, 140 Siwa, 149 Medusa 186 Celuta, 475 Ocllo, 574 Reginhild, and 603 Timandra". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 38 (2): 76–78. Bibcode:2011MPBu...38...76P. ISSN   1052-8091 . Retrieved 1 November 2017.
    16. ↑ Pilcher, Frederick (October 2009). "New Lightcurves of 8 Flora, 13 Egeria, 14 Irene, 25 Phocaea 40 Harmonia, 74 Galatea, and 122 Gerda". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 36 (4): 133–136. Bibcode:2009MPBu...36..133P. ISSN   1052-8091 . Retrieved 1 November 2017.
    17. ↑ Buchheim, Robert K. (September 2007). "Lightcurves of 25 Phocaea, 468 Lina, 482 Petrina 551 Ortrud, 741 Botolphia, 834 Burnhamia, 2839 Annette, and 3411 Debetencourt". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 34 (3): 68–71. Bibcode:2007MPBu...34...68B. ISSN   1052-8091 . Retrieved 1 November 2017.
    18. ↑ Groeneveld, Ingrid; Kuiper, Gerard P. (September 1954). "Photometric Studies of Asteroids. I". Astrophysical Journal. 120: 200. Bibcode:1954ApJ...120..200G. doi: 10.1086/145904 .
    19. 1 2 Belskaya, I. N.; Fornasier, S.; Tozzi, G. P.; Gil-Hutton, R.; Cellino, A.; Antonyuk, K.; et al. (March 2017). "Refining the asteroid taxonomy by polarimetric observations". Icarus. 284: 30–42. Bibcode:2017Icar..284...30B. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2016.11.003. hdl: 11336/63617 . Retrieved 24 October 2017.
    20. ↑ Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv: 1506.00762 . Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007 . Retrieved 1 November 2017.
    21. ↑ Nesvorný, D.; Broz, M.; Carruba, V. (December 2014). "Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families". Asteroids IV. pp. 297–321. arXiv: 1502.01628 . Bibcode:2015aste.book..297N. doi:10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016. ISBN   9780816532131.
    22. ↑ "Radar-Detected Asteroids and Comets". NASA/JPL Asteroid Radar Research. 30 October 2017. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
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