27th Intelligence Squadron

27th Intelligence Squadron
27 Intelligence Squadron after winning the Grant Award
Active	1943–1945; 1990–present
Country	United States
Branch	United States Air Force
Role	Intelligence
Size	Approximately 180 [1]
Part of	Sixteenth Air Force
Garrison/HQ	Langley Air Force Base, Virginia
Nickname(s)	Bat Outa Hell
Engagements	European Theater of Operations
Decorations	Distinguished Unit Citation Air Force Meritorious Unit Award Air Force Outstanding Unit Award Air Force Organizational Excellence Award
Insignia
27th Intelligence Squadron emblem [note 1] [2]
27th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron emblem
World War II Fuselage Code [note 2]	G2

The 27th Intelligence Squadron is an active squadron of the United States Air Force, stationed at Langley Air Force Base, part of Joint Base Langley-Eustis, near Hampton, Virginia. It is assigned to the 480th Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Wing.

The squadron was first organized in February 1943 as the 27th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron. After training in the United States, the squadron moved to the European Theater of Operations, where it engaged in combat until V-E Day. It earned a Distinguished Unit Citation for its work during Operation Overlord, the invasion of France, in the spring of 1944. It remained in Europe until late fall of 1945, when it returned to the United States and was inactivated.

Mission

The 27th Intelligence Squadron mission is to provide "behind the scenes" communication and network services which tie into the analytical nodes of the Air Force Distributed Common Ground System, enabling the 480th Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Wing to deliver critical information to U.S. and Coalition combat forces operating in hot spots around the world. ^[3]

The 27th sustains the 480th Wing's daily operations. It operates and maintains automated production support systems, a secondary imagery dissemination system and photographic and lithographic facilities for the wing. ^[4]

Organization

The 27th Intelligence Squadron comprises two flights, a Production Services Flight and a Systems and Data Base Management Flight. ^[4]

The Production Services Flight includes a Visual Information Branch, providing digital and wet imagery processing, reproduction and graphic design: a Dissemination Branch that distributes and tracks outgoing products, maintains a chart library with worldwide coverage and the basic target and training graphic repository; a Security Branch maintaining security clearances and facility security devices; a Facility Branch managing the facility and grounds; and a Logistics Branch managing the group's supply and equipment accounts. ^[4]

History

World War II

The squadron was activated as the 27th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron at Peterson Field, Colorado in February 1943 and equipped with Lockheed P-38 Lightnings and two reconnaissance models of the Lightning, the F-4 and the F-5. ^[2] It was one of the original squadrons of the 6th Photographic Group. The squadron trained with the 6th Group until September 1943, when the 6th moved overseas to the Southwest Pacific Theater. ^[5] The 27th moved overseas in November, but to England, where it was attached to the 7th Photographic Group. ^[2]

F-5 Lightning at Mount Farm

The squadron flew missions supporting Eighth Air Force's strategic bombing campaign by photographing potential targets and flying over recently struck areas to provide bomb damage assessment. It also provided information on enemy forces disposition and movements. In preparation for Operation Overlord, the invasion of Normandy, the unit concentrated on providing photographic information on airfields, cities, factories and seaports in France, Belgium and the Netherlands. ^[6] Pre-invasion coverage was extended to the Low Countries to mask the intended invasion location. ^[7] Its reconnaissance of marshalling yards, canals, highways and other transportation routes contributed to the success of the Normandy campaign, earning the 27th a Distinguished Unit Citation. ^[6]

In July 1944, the unit provided coverage of launch sites for V-1 flying bombs and V-2 rockets. From late August, the 27th provided coverage for advancing Allied forces. The squadron provided photo coverage for Operation Market Garden, the airborne attacks in the Netherlands. ^[6] In November the squadron moved to France for closer cooperation with VIII Fighter Command, ^[8] and flew missions supporting ground forces engaged in the Battle of the Bulge from Denain/Prouvy Airfield. In 1945, as losses mounted among reconnaissance aircraft operating over the Continent, it began to fly North American P-51 Mustangs to provide fighter cover for the 7th Group's unarmed Lightnings. The squadron also flew a few F-6 reconnaissance models of the Mustang. After V-E Day, the squadron participated in the final bomb damage assessment of Germany. ^{[6] [8]} Most, if not all, aircraft were disposed of to depots by September, and the squadron returned to the United States in December and was inactivated at Camp Kilmer, New Jersey in December. ^{[6] [9]}

Intelligence operations

The squadron was dormant until September 1990, when it was redesignated the 27th Tactical Intelligence Squadron and activated at Langley Air Force Base, Virginia as part of the 480th Tactical Intelligence Group of Tactical Air Command. ^[10] In December 2003 the 480th Intelligence Wing was activated to manage the Distributed Common Ground System and the squadron was assigned to it. ^[11] The Distributed Common Ground System disseminates intelligence information collected by Lockheed U-2 aircraft and General Atomics MQ-1 Predator, Northrop Grumman RQ-4 Global Hawk and General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper unmanned aerial vehicles to combat commanders, no matter what their location may be. ^[12]

As Distributed Ground System stations became operational, the squadron worked to connect the new stations with the system. This included stations at Hickam Air Force Base in 2004, Langley Air Force Base in 2005, three Air National Guard operated stations in 2006 and a center at Beale Air Force Base in 2011. ^[13] The squadron also participates in exercises on a regular basis. ^[14]

In 2013, the squadron won the Lt. Gen. Harold W. Grant information dominance award as the best small communications and information unit in the Air Force. The award was made for the squadron's "sustained superior performance and professional excellence while managing core cyberspace and information dominance functions and for contributions that most improved Air Force Department of Defense operations and missions." ^[3] This award was followed by earning the Chief Master Sgt. James C. Swindell award for having the best communications and information systems operation in Twenty-Fifth Air Force from 1 September 2013 through 31 August 2014. ^[1]

Lineage

• Constituted as the 27th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron on 5 February 1943
• Redesignated 27th Photographic Squadron (Light) on 5 February 1943

Activated on 9 February 1943

• Redesignated 27th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron on 11 August 1943

Inactivated on 21 December 1945 ^[15]

• Redesignated 27th Tactical Intelligence Squadron on 1 September 1990 and activated
• Redesignated 27th Air Intelligence Squadron on 1 November 1991
• Redesignated 27th Intelligence Squadron on 1 October 1993
• Redesignated 27th Intelligence Support Squadron on 1 December 2003
• Redesignated 27th Intelligence Squadron on 1 January 2009 ^[16]

Assignments

• 6th Photographic Group (later 6th Photographic Reconnaissance and Mapping Group, 6th Photographic Reconnaissance Group), 9 February 1943 ^[16]
• Third Air Force, 9 October 1943 ^[16]
• III Reconnaissance Command, 12 October 1943 ^[16]
• 7th Photographic Reconnaissance and Mapping Group (later 7th Photographic Group, 7th Reconnaissance Group), (attached c. 4 November 1943) 9 December 1943 – 21 November 1945 (attached to VIII Air Force Service Command 9 November 1944, VIII Air Force Fighter Command, 26 January – 22 April 1945) ^[15]
• Unknown 21 November 1945 – 21 December 1945 ^{[note 3]}
• 480th Tactical Intelligence Group (later 480th Air Intelligence Group, 480th Intelligence Group), 1 September 1990 ^[10]
• 480th Intelligence Wing (later 480th Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Wing), 1 December 2003 – present ^[16]

Stations

• Peterson Field, Colorado, 9 February 1943 ^[15]
• RAF Mount Farm (Station 234), ^[17] England, 4 November 1943 ^[15]
• Denain/Prouvy Airfield (A-83), ^[18] France, 9 November 1944 ^[15]
• RAF Chalgrove (Station 465), ^[17] England, 29 April 1945 ^[15]
• Frankfurt-Eschborn Airfield 14 October 1945 ^[15]
• Poix, France, 15 October 1945 – 26 November 1945 ^[15]
• Camp Kilmer, New Jersey, 20 – 21 December 1945 ^[15]
• Langley Air Force Base (later Joint Base Langley-Eustis), 1 September 1990 – present ^[16]

Aircraft

• Lockheed F-4 Lightning, 1943 ^[15]
• Lockheed F-5 Lightning, 1943–1945 ^[15]
• North American F-6 Mustang, 1945 ^[8]
• Lockheed P-38 Lightning, 1943–1945 ^[15]
• North American P-51 Mustang, 1945 ^[15]

Awards and campaigns

Award streamer	Award	Dates	Notes
	Distinguished Unit Citation	31 May 1944 – 30 June 1944	27th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron [2]
	Air Force Meritorious Unit Award	1 June 2004 – 31 May 2006	27th Intelligence Support Squadron [10]
	Air Force Meritorious Unit Award	1 June 2006 – 31 May 2007	27th Intelligence Support Squadron [10]
	Air Force Outstanding Unit Award w/Combat "V" Device	1 June 2002 – 31 May 2003	27th Intelligence Squadron [10]
	Air Force Outstanding Unit Award	1 September 1990 – 31 December 1991	27th Tactical Intelligence Squadron (later 27th Air Intelligence Squadron) [10]
	Air Force Outstanding Unit Award	1 January 1992 – 30 September 1993	27th Air Intelligence Squadron [10]
	Air Force Outstanding Unit Award	1 October 1999 – 30 September 2000	27th Intelligence Squadron [10]
	Air Force Outstanding Unit Award	1 June 2007 – 31 May 2009	27th Intelligence Support Squadron (later 27th Intelligence Squadron) [10]
	Air Force Organizational Excellence Award	1 October 1993 – 30 September 1995	27th Intelligence Squadron [10]

Campaign Streamer	Campaign	Dates	Notes
	Air Offensive, Europe	4 November 1943 – 5 June 1944	27th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron [2]
	Normandy	6 June 1944 – 24 July 1944	27th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron [2]
	Northern France	25 July 1944 – 14 September 1944	27th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron [2]
	Rhineland	15 September 1944 – 21 March 1945	27th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron [2]
	Ardennes-Alsace	16 December 1944 – 25 January 1945	27th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron [2]
	Central Europe	22 March 1944 – 21 May 1945	27th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron [2]
	Air Combat, EAME Theater	4 November 1943 – 11 May 1945	27th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron [2]

See also

• List of United States Air Force squadrons

References

Notes

Explanatory notes

1. Approved 24 August 1944. When the squadron was reactivated as an intelligence unit, all elements were moved inside the disc to comply with AF Directives.
2. For security reasons, the assigned code was not displayed during the war. Afterwards it was applied to the underside of the squadron aircraft' wings, rather than to the fuselage. Watkins, p. 106.
3. Neither Lent nor Maurer list an assignment for the squadron after the 7th Group was inactivated in November. Its probable assignments were VIII Fighter Command until leaving England, and Army Service Forces, Port of Embarkation upon arrival in the United States.

Citations

1. McGlinn, Marge (8 June 2015). "Swindell Award goes to the 27th Intelligence Squadron". Joint Base San Antonio Public Affairs. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
2. Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 139–140
3. Denton, SSG Jarad A. (15 May 2015). "27th IS ranked best in AF". 633d Air Base Wing Public Affairs. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
4. "1997 AIA Alamanac: National Air Intelligence Center". Air Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 13 June 2016. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
5. Maurer, Combat Units, pp. 42–43
6. Maurer, Combat Units, pp. 45–46
7. Freeman, p. 199
8. Freeman, p. 200
9. Freeman, p. 239
10. Lent, pp. 28–29
11. Lent, pp. 109–110
12. "Factsheet, Air Force Distributed Common Ground System". Air Force ISR Agency Public Affairs. 9 December 2011. Archived from the original on 30 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2015.
13. Lent, pp. 111, 113–114. 123
14. Lent, pp. 111–113, 120–123
15. Lineage, including assignments, stations and aircraft through 1945 in Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 139–140, except as incicated.
16. Lineage including assignments and stations after 1990 in Lent, pp. 28–29
17. Station number in Anderson
18. Station number in Johnson

Bibliography

 This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency

• Anderson, Capt. Barry (1985). Army Air Forces Stations: A Guide to the Stations Where U.S. Army Air Forces Personnel Served in the United Kingdom During World War II (PDF). Maxwell AFB, AL: Research Division, USAF Historical Research Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
• Freeman, Roger A. (1970). The Mighty Eighth: Units, Men and Machines (A History of the US 8th Army Air Force). London, England, UK: Macdonald and Company. ISBN   978-0-87938-638-2.
• Johnson, 1st Lt. David C. (1988). U.S. Army Air Forces Continental Airfields (ETO) D-Day to V-E Day (PDF). Maxwell AFB, AL: Research Division, USAF Historical Research Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 September 2016. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
• Lent, John (2012). 480th Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Wing Heritage Pamphlet (PDF). Langley AFB, VA: 480th Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Wing. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
• Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1983) [1961]. Air Force Combat Units of World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN   0-912799-02-1. LCCN   61060979.
• Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1982) [1969]. Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN   0-405-12194-6. LCCN   70605402. OCLC   72556. (undated, includes information through 2012)
• Watkins, Robert (2008). Battle Colors: Insignia and Markings of the Eighth Air Force In World War II. Vol. I (VIII) Bomber Command. Atglen, PA: Shiffer Publishing Ltd. ISBN   978-0-7643-1987-7.

External links

• Edwards, John; Keiser, Eve (15 June 2015). "Evolving threats increase pressure for seamless GEOINT sharing". C4ISR&Networks. Retrieved 14 November 2015.