The 340s decade ran from January 1, 340, to December 31, 349.
Year 333 (CCCXXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Dalmatius and Zenophilus. The denomination 333 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
Year 318 (CCCXVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Licinianus and Crispus. The denomination 318 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
Zhao, briefly known officially as Wei (衛) in 350 AD, known in historiography as the Later Zhao or Shi Zhao (石趙), was a dynasty of China ruled by the Shi family of Jie ethnicity during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. Among the Sixteen Kingdoms, the Later Zhao was the second in territorial size to the Former Qin dynasty that once unified northern China under Fu Jian. In historiography, it is given the prefix of "Later" to distinguish it with the Han-Zhao or Former Zhao, which changed its name from "Han" to "Zhao" just before the Later Zhao was founded.
Ran Min, also known as Shi Min (石閔), posthumously honored by the Former Yan as Heavenly King Wudao of (Ran) Wei ( 魏武悼天王), courtesy name Yongzeng (永曾), nickname Jinu (棘奴), was a military leader during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms in China and the only emperor of the short-lived state Ran Wei (冉魏). He was known for ordering the culling of the Jie and other barbarians, during which 200,000 people, both Han and non-Han people, were killed between 349 and 350.
Shi Le, courtesy name Shilong, also known by his posthumous name as the Emperor Ming of Later Zhao, was the founding emperor of the Jie-led Later Zhao dynasty of China. He was initially sold as a slave by Western Jin officials, but after attaining freedom, he helped start a rebellion and eventually became a powerful general for the Xiongnu-led Han-Zhao dynasty, conquering most of northern China in Han-Zhao's name but holding the territory under his own control. In 319, after a dispute with the Han-Zhao emperor Liu Yao, he broke away from Han and formed his own state, Later Zhao. In 321, he defeated Duan Pidi, the last remaining Jin power in northern China besides Murong Hui, and in 329 he captured Liu Yao and conquered the Han-Zhao, adding western China to his empire as well. For the next 21 years, the Later Zhao would dominate northern China.
Li Shou, courtesy name Wukao (武考), also known by his posthumous name as the Emperor Zhaowen of (Cheng) Han ( 漢昭文帝), was an emperor of the Di-led Chinese Cheng-Han dynasty. He was the cousin of Cheng-Han's founding emperor Li Xiong, but after he overthrew Li Xiong's son Li Qi in 338, he disassociated himself from Li Xiong's regime by renaming the state from Cheng to Han, and further setting up a different imperial ancestral temple. Traditional historians, however, did not consider his regime a separate state and treated the succession from Li Xiong to Li Shou's son Li Shi as a single Cheng-Han state. Li Shou was initially known for lenience and thriftiness—the same virtues commonly associated with Li Xiong—but later imitated the ruling style of Shi Hu, the emperor of Later Zhao, by ruling harshly and extravagantly, greatly inflicting burdens on the people and damaging the Cheng-Han state.
Shi Hu, courtesy name Jilong (季龍), also known by his posthumous name as the Emperor Wu of Later Zhao (後趙武帝), was an emperor of the Jie-led Chinese Later Zhao dynasty. He was the founding emperor Shi Le 's distant nephew and adopted brother, who took power in a coup after Shi Le's death from Shi Le's heir Shi Hong. Due to Tang dynasty naming taboo, he is referred to as Shi Jilong (石季龍) in the Book of Jin.
Zheng Yingtao was an empress consort of China's Jie-led Later Zhao dynasty. She was Shi Hu 's first empress, but not his first wife.
Du Zhu was an empress of the Chinese/Jie state Later Zhao. She was Shi Hu 's second empress.
Empress Liu (318–349) was an empress consort of the Jie-led Later Zhao dynasty of China. She was Shi Hu 's third and final empress. She served as regent in 349.
Shi Shi was briefly the emperor of the Jie-led Later Zhao dynasty of China following his father Shi Hu's death in 349. In the Chinese annals, he is sometimes referred to by his title after removal as an Emperor, Prince of Qiao (譙王).
Shi Zun was briefly an emperor of the Jie-led Chinese Later Zhao dynasty. He was the second of four short-lived emperors after the death of his father Shi Hu. He is sometimes referred to by his title prior to becoming emperor, Prince of Pengcheng (彭城王).
Empress Zhang was briefly an empress of the Chinese/Jie state Later Zhao. She was Shi Zun's wife and the last empress in Later Zhao history.
Shi Jian was briefly an emperor of the Jie-led Later Zhao dynasty of China. He was the third of four short-lived Later Zhao emperors after the death of his father Shi Hu. He is sometimes referred to by his title prior to becoming emperor, Prince of Yiyang (義陽王). Arguably, it was his machinations with his powerful adoptive nephew Shi Min against his brother Shi Zun that finally led to Later Zhao's downfall.
Fu Jian, originally named Pu Jian, courtesy name Jianye (建業), also known by his posthumous name as the Emperor Jingming of Former Qin (前秦景明帝), was the founding emperor of the Di-led Chinese Former Qin dynasty.
Consort Zheng or Empress Zheng may refer to:
Wei, known as Ran Wei (冉魏) in Chinese historiography, was a short-lived dynastic state of China established by Ran Min. In 350, Ran Wei usurped the throne of the Later Zhao dynasty in the city of Ye and declared himself Emperor of Wei. In 352, Ran Wei was defeated by the Former Yan dynasty.
Li Nong was a Chinese military general and politician of the Later Zhao and Ran Wei dynasties during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. He was a notable official under Later Zhao's emperor Shi Hu, fighting against the Jin and Former Yan dynasties. When the conflict between Shi Hu's family and his adopted ethnic Han grandson Shi Min arose in 349, he allied with the latter, and together they brought upon the destruction of Later Zhao, ending what was virtually a 20-year-long unity in northern China. However, just a year after, Li Nong and his family were executed by Ran Min for unspecified reasons.
Zhang Chai was a minister of China's Later Zhao dynasty during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. He was a close ally to Shi Hu 's empress, Empress Liu, who helped her establish themselves as the paramount leaders of Zhao through her son Shi Shi following the death of Shi Hu in 349. The pair attempted to centralize their power and eliminate their rivals, but a popular coup led by Shi Zun saw their reign barely lasting a month as they were removed and subsequently executed. Despite the coup, it would soon be known as the beginning of a bigger power struggle within the Shi family over the throne that led to the destruction of Later Zhao in 351 in the hands of Ran Min.
