48 BC

48 BC in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	48 BC XLVIII BC
Ab urbe condita	706
Ancient Egypt era	XXXIII dynasty, 276
- Pharaoh	Cleopatra VII, 4
Ancient Greek Olympiad (summer)	183rd Olympiad (victor )¹
Assyrian calendar	4703
Balinese saka calendar	N/A
Bengali calendar	−641 – −640
Berber calendar	903
Buddhist calendar	497
Burmese calendar	−685
Byzantine calendar	5461–5462
Chinese calendar	壬申年 (Water  Monkey) 2650 or 2443     — to — 癸酉年 (Water  Rooster) 2651 or 2444
Coptic calendar	−331 – −330
Discordian calendar	1119
Ethiopian calendar	−55 – −54
Hebrew calendar	3713–3714
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	9–10
- Shaka Samvat	N/A
- Kali Yuga	3053–3054
Holocene calendar	9953
Iranian calendar	669 BP – 668 BP
Islamic calendar	690 BH – 689 BH
Javanese calendar	N/A
Julian calendar	N/A
Korean calendar	2286
Minguo calendar	1959 before ROC 民前1959年
Nanakshahi calendar	−1515
Seleucid era	264/265 AG
Thai solar calendar	495–496
Tibetan calendar	ཆུ་ཕོ་སྤྲེ་ལོ་ (male Water-Monkey) 79 or −302 or −1074     — to — ཆུ་མོ་བྱ་ལོ་ (female Water-Bird) 80 or −301 or −1073

Year 48 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Caesar and Vatia (or, less frequently, year 706 Ab urbe condita ). The denomination 48 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Events

By place

Roman Republic

• Consuls: Gaius Julius Caesar and Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus. Caesar is named consul for a period of five years.
• Caesar's Civil War:
  • January 4 – Julius Caesar lands at Dyrrhachium (Durazzo).
  • March – Mark Antony joins Julius Caesar.
  • April – Siege of Dyrrhachium: Julius Caesar builds a fortified line of entrenchments and besieges Pompey the Great.
  • The Roman temple to Bellona on the Capitolinus outside Rome is burnt to the ground.
  • May – Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus, co-consul with Julius Caesar, destroys Caelius's magistrate's chair on his tribunal.
  • July 10 – Battle of Dyrrhachium: Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia; he retreats to Thessaly.
  • August – Battle of Pharsalus: Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus, who flees to Egypt. Pompey's army by and large is pardoned. ^[1]
  • Winter – Siege of Oricum: Julius Caesar captures the strategic city port of Oricum in Epirus (modern Albania). The garrison opens the town's gate and Lucius Manlius Torquatus surrenders to Caesar.
  • December – Battle of Nicopolis: King Pharnaces II of Pontus defeats the Roman forces under Gnaeus Domitius Calvinus, a loyal partisan of Julius Caesar.

Egypt

• September 28 – Pompey the Great is assassinated on the orders of King Ptolemy XIII, after landing in Egypt (may have occurred September 29, records unclear).
• October – Julius Caesar reaches Alexandria, a city founded by Alexander the Great. He is met by an Egyptian delegation from Ptolemy XIII. The Egyptians offer him gifts: the ring of Pompey and his head.
• Queen Cleopatra VII returns to the palace rolled into a Persian carpet and has it presented to Caesar by her servant. The Egyptian princess, only twenty-one years old, becomes his mistress.
• December – Battle in Alexandria: Forces of Caesar and his ally Cleopatra VII and those of rival King Ptolemy XIII and Queen Arsinoe IV. The latter two are defeated and flee the city, but during the battle part of the Library of Alexandria catches fire.

Asia

• Yuan becomes emperor of the Han Dynasty (until 33 BC).

Births

• Lady Ban, Chinese concubine and female poet
• Lucius Calpurnius Piso, Roman consul (d. AD 32)
• Publius Cornelius Scipio, Roman consul and governor

Deaths

• September 28 – Pompey (the Great), Roman politician (b. 106 BC) ^[2]
• Afriana Carfania, Roman orator
• Cotys I, Thracian client king of the Odrysian Kingdom
• Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus, Roman statesman
• Lucius Cornelius Lentulus Crus, Roman politician
• Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus, Roman politician
• Titus Annius Milo, Roman politician
• Marcus Caelius Rufus, Roman orator and politician
• Zhang Chang, Chinese scholar and official

References

1. LeGlay, Marcel; Voisin, Jean-Louis; Le Bohec, Yann (2001). A History of Rome (Second ed.). Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell. p. 129. ISBN   0-631-21858-0.
2. "Pompey the Great | Roman statesman | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved December 2, 2022.