923 Herluga

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923 Herluga
Discovery  [1]
Discovered by K. Reinmuth
Discovery site Heidelberg Obs.
Discovery date30 September 1919
Designations
(923) Herluga
Named after
Name picked from the almanac
Lahrer Hinkender Bote   [2] [3]
A919 SK ·A915 VD
1919 GB ·1915 VD
main-belt   [1] [4]  ·(middle)
background   [5] [6]
Orbital characteristics   [4]
Epoch 31 May 2020 (JD 2459000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc 99.61 yr (36,382 d)
Aphelion 3.1271 AU
Perihelion 2.1071 AU
2.6171 AU
Eccentricity 0.1949
4.23 yr (1,546 d)
268.52°
0° 13m 58.08s / day
Inclination 14.458°
197.52°
201.11°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
  • 32.47±0.8  km [7]
  • 34.553±0.269 km [8]
  • 34.78±0.63 km [9]
19.746±0.002  h [10]
  • 0.037±0.002 [9]
  • 0.037±0.006 [8]
  • 0.0421±0.002 [7]
C (S3OS2) [11]
11.50 [1] [4]

    923 Herluga (prov. designation: A919 SKor1919 GB) is a three-body resonant background asteroid, approximately 34 kilometers (21 miles) in diameter, located in the central region of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 30 September 1919, by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany. [1] The carbonaceous C-type asteroid has a rotation period of 19.7 hours. It was named "Herluga", a common German female name unrelated to the discoverer's contemporaries, that was taken from the almanac Lahrer Hinkender Bote . [2] [3]

    Contents

    Orbit and classification

    Herluga is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements. [5] [6] Located in the orbital region of the Eunomia family, [12] Herluga orbits the Sun in the central asteroid belt at a distance of 2.1–3.1  AU once every 4 years and 3 months (1,546 days; semi-major axis of 2.62 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.19 and an inclination of 14° with respect to the ecliptic. [4] This brings the object into a pure three-body resonance (2/2/-1) with Jupiter and Saturn (ares 2.615 AU). [5] [13] : 6  Other asteroids in this resonant group of 34 known objects include 70 Panopaea, 194 Prokne, 258 Tyche, 839 Valborg and 995 Sternberga. [13] : 24 Herluga was first observed as A915 VD (1915 VD) at Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula on 9 November 1915. The body's observation arc begins at Heidelberg Observatory on 10 December 1919, more than two months after its official discovery observation. [1]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named "Herluga", after a female name picked from the Lahrer Hinkender Bote , published in Lahr, southern Germany. [2] A Hinkender Bote (lit. "limping messenger") was a very popular almanac, [3] especially in the alemannic-speaking region from the late 17th throughout the early 20th century. The calendar section contains feast days, the dates of important fairs and astronomical ephemerides. For 2 March, the calendar gives "Herluga" as the German name day analogue next to Simplizius and Luise, the protestant and catholic entries in the calendar of saints. [14]

    Reinmuth's calendar names

    As with 22 other asteroids – starting with 913 Otila, and ending with 1144 Oda – Reinmuth selected names from this calendar due to his many asteroid discoveries that he had trouble thinking of proper names. These names are not related to the discoverer's contemporaries. Lutz Schmadel, the author of the Dictionary of Minor Planet Names learned about Reinmuth's source of inspiration from private communications with Dutch astronomer Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld, who worked as a young astronomer at Heidelberg. [2]

    Physical characteristics

    In both the Tholen- and SMASS-like taxonomy of the Small Solar System Objects Spectroscopic Survey (S3OS2), Herluga is a common, carbonaceous C-type asteroid. [6] [11]

    Rotation period

    In November 2008, a rotational lightcurve of Herluga was obtained from photometric observations by James W. Brinsfield at the Via Capote Observatory ( G69 ) in California. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 19.746±0.002 hours with a brightness variation of 0.16±0.02 magnitude ( U=2 ). [10] In August 2016, an alternative period determination of 29.71±0.04 hours with an amplitude of 0.28±0.02 mag was published ( U=2 ). [15]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), the Japanese Akari satellite, and the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, Herluga measures (32.47±0.8), (34.553±0.269) and (34.78±0.63) kilometers in diameter and its surface has a low albedo of (0.0421±0.002), (0.037±0.006) and (0.037±0.002), respectively. [7] [8] [9] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.0421 and a diameter of 32.47 km based on an absolute magnitude of 11.5. [12] Further published mean-diameters by the WISE team in ascending order include (30.558±10.39 km), (31.89±10.59 km), (33.794±7.947 km), (34.142±10.733 km) and (37.638±0.190 km) with albedos between 0.03 and 0.06. [6] [12]

    Related Research Articles

    910 Anneliese is a dark background asteroid, approximately 48 kilometers in diameter, located in the outer regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 1 March 1919, by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany. The carbonaceous C-type asteroid (Ch) has a rotation period of 11.3 hours and is likely spherical in shape. It was named by German astronomer Julius Dick after his friend "Anneliese".

    913 Otila is a bright Flora asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory on 19 May 1919. The stony S-type asteroid has a short rotation period of 4.9 hours and measures approximately 12 kilometers in diameter. It was named after a common German female name unrelated to the discoverer's contemporaries, that was taken from the almanac Lahrer Hinkender Bote.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">918 Itha</span> Main-belt asteroid

    918 Itha is a stony asteroid and the namesake as well as the principal body of the Itha family, located in the outer region of the asteroid belt. It was discovered by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory on 22 August 1919. The S-type asteroid has a notably short rotation period of only 3.5 hours and measures approximately 21 kilometers in diameter. It was named "Itha", a female name taken from the almanac Lahrer Hinkender Bote, unrelated to the discoverer's contemporaries.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">920 Rogeria</span>

    920 Rogeria is a dark background asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt, discovered by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory on 1 September 1919. The D-type asteroid (DT) has a rotation period of 12.2 hours and measures approximately 26 kilometers in diameter. It was named "Rogeria", a name unrelated to the discoverer's contemporaries, that was taken from the almanac Lahrer Hinkender Bote.

    921 Jovita is a dark background asteroid, approximately 58 kilometers in diameter, located in the outer regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 4 September 1919, by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany. The carbonaceous C-type asteroid (Ch) has a rotation period of 15.6 hours and is likely spherical in shape. It was named "Jovita", a common German female name unrelated to the discoverer's contemporaries, that was taken from the almanac Lahrer Hinkender Bote.

    922 Schlutia is a background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory on 18 September 1919. The asteroid with an unknown spectral type has a rotation period of 7.9 hours and measures approximately 18 kilometers in diameter. It was named after Edgar Schlubach and Henry Frederic Tiarks, who sponsored an expedition to observe the solar eclipse of 21 September 1922.

    924 Toni is a large background asteroid, approximately 80 kilometers in diameter, from the outer regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 20 October 1919, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory. The X-type asteroid has a rotation period of 19.4 hours. It was named "Toni", a common German female name unrelated to the discoverer's contemporaries, that was taken from the almanac Lahrer Hinkender Bote.

    926 Imhilde is a dark asteroid and the principal body and namesake of the Imhilde family, located in the outer regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany on 15 February 1920. The carbonaceous C-type asteroid has a rotation period of 26.8 hours and measures approximately 48 kilometers in diameter. It was named "Imhilde", a common German female name unrelated to the discoverer's contemporaries, that was taken from the almanac Lahrer Hinkender Bote.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">928 Hildrun</span>

    928 Hildrun, is a dark background asteroid, approximately 64 kilometers in diameter, located in the outer region of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 23 February 1920, by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany. The X-type asteroid has a rotation period of 14.1 hours. It was named "Hildrun", a common German female name unrelated to the discoverer's contemporaries, that was taken from the almanac Lahrer Hinkender Bote.

    929 Algunde, is a stony Flora asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, that measures approximately 11 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory on 10 March 1920. The S-type asteroid has a short rotation period of 3.3 hours and is likely spherical in shape. It was named "Algunde", a common German female name unrelated to the discoverer's contemporaries, that was taken from the almanac Lahrer Hinkender Bote.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">936 Kunigunde</span>

    936 Kunigunde is a dark Themistian asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 40 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 8 September 1920, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory. The carbonaceous B-type asteroid has a rotation period of 9.4 hours. It was named "Kunigunde", a common German female name unrelated to the discoverer's contemporaries, that was taken from the almanac Lahrer Hinkender Bote.

    938 Chlosinde is a carbonaceous Themistian asteroid, approximately 33 kilometers in diameter, from the outer regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany on 9 September 1920. The C-type asteroid has an ambiguous rotation period of 13.7 or 19.2 hours. It was named "Chlosinde", a common German female name unrelated to the discoverer's contemporaries, that was taken from the almanac Lahrer Hinkender Bote.

    940 Kordula is a large and dark Cybele asteroid from the outermost region of the asteroid belt, approximately 80 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 10 October 1920, by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in Germany. The carbonaceous F-type asteroid (FC) has a rotation period of 15.6 hours. It was named "Kordula", a common German female name unrelated to the discoverer's contemporaries, that was taken from the almanac Lahrer Hinkender Bote.

    942 Romilda is a background asteroid, approximately 36 kilometers in diameter, located in the outer region of the asteroid belt. It was discovered by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory on 11 October 1920. The assumed C-type asteroid has a rotation period of 6.97 hours. It was named "Romilda", a common German female name unrelated to the discoverer's contemporaries, that was taken from the almanac Lahrer Hinkender Bote.

    948 Jucunda is a background asteroid, approximately 17 kilometers in diameter, located in the outer region of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 3 March 1921, by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany. The asteroid has a longer-than average rotation period of 26.2 hours. It was named after a common German female name, unrelated to the discoverer's contemporaries, that was taken from the almanac Lahrer Hinkender Bote.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">979 Ilsewa</span>

    979 Ilsewa is a background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 36 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory on 29 June 1922. The uncommon T-type asteroid has a longer-than average rotation period of 42.6 hours. It was named after Ilse Walldorf, an acquaintance of the discoverer.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">983 Gunila</span> Main-belt asteroid

    983 Gunila, is a dark background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 74 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 30 July 1922, by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in Germany. The X-type asteroid has an ambiguous rotation period of 8.3 or 16.6 hours. It was named "Gunila", a common German female name unrelated to the discoverer's contemporaries, that was taken from the almanac Lahrer Hinkender Bote.

    987 Wallia is a large background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 52 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 23 October 1922, by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory in southern Germany. The D/T-type asteroid has a rotation period of 10.1 hours and shows an unusual trinomial lightcurve. It was named after a common German female name, unrelated to the discoverer's contemporaries, and taken from the almanac Lahrer Hinkender Bote.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">994 Otthild</span>

    994 Otthild is a stony background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 24 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 18 March 1923, by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory. The S-type asteroid has a rotation period of 5.95 hours and is rather regular in shape. It was named after a common German female name, unrelated to the discoverer's contemporaries, and taken from the almanac Lahrer Hinkender Bote.

    1144 Oda, provisional designation 1930 BJ, is a dark Hildian asteroid from the outermost regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 57 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 28 January 1930, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory. The asteroid's name is a German female name, not related to the discoverer's contemporaries.

    References

    1. 1 2 3 4 5 "923 Herluga (A919 SK)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 21 February 2020.
    2. 1 2 3 4 Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(923) Herluga". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names . Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p.  82. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_924. ISBN   978-3-540-00238-3.
    3. 1 2 3 "Lahrer hinkender Bote – Kalender 1925". Badischen Landesbibliothek. 1925. p. 1. Retrieved 21 February 2020. Lahrer Bote archive
    4. 1 2 3 4 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 923 Herluga (A919 SK)" (2019-05-10 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory . Retrieved 21 February 2020.
    5. 1 2 3 "Asteroid 923 Herluga – Proper Elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 21 February 2020.
    6. 1 2 3 4 "Asteroid 923 Herluga". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 21 February 2020.
    7. 1 2 3 Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T . Retrieved 21 February 2020.
    8. 1 2 3 Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv: 1406.6645 . Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121.
    9. 1 2 3 Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    10. 1 2 Brinsfield, James W. (April 2009). "Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at the Via Capote Observatory: 2008 4th Quarter" (PDF). Minor Planet Bulletin. 36 (2): 64–66. Bibcode:2009MPBu...36...64B. ISSN   1052-8091. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 November 2020. Retrieved 21 February 2020.
    11. 1 2 Lazzaro, D.; Angeli, C. A.; Carvano, J. M.; Mothé-Diniz, T.; Duffard, R.; Florczak, M. (November 2004). "S3OS2: the visible spectroscopic survey of 820 asteroids" (PDF). Icarus. 172 (1): 179–220. Bibcode:2004Icar..172..179L. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.06.006 . Retrieved 21 February 2020.
    12. 1 2 3 "LCDB Data for (923) Herluga". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 21 February 2020.
    13. 1 2 Smirnov, E. A.; Shevchenko, I. I. (May 2012). "Massive Identification of Asteroids in Three-Body Resonances". Asteroids, Comets, Meteors 2012. 1667: 6012. arXiv: 1206.1451 . Bibcode:2012LPICo1667.6012S. ISSN   0161-5297.
    14. ↑ "Lahrer hinkender Bote – Kalender 1925". Badischen Landesbibliothek. 1925. p. 6. Retrieved 21 February 2020.
    15. ↑ Marciniak, A.; Bartczak, P.; Müller, T.; Sanabria, J. J.; Alí-Lagoa, V.; Antonini, P.; et al. (February 2018). "Photometric survey, modelling, and scaling of long-period and low-amplitude asteroids". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 610: A7. arXiv: 1711.01893 . Bibcode:2018A&A...610A...7M. ISSN   0004-6361.
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