982 Franklina

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982 Franklina
000982-asteroid shape model (982) Franklina.png
Modelled shape of Franklina from its lightcurve
Discovery  [1]
Discovered by H. E. Wood
Discovery site Johannesburg Obs.
Discovery date21 May 1922
Designations
(982) Franklina
Named after
 John Franklin Adams
(British astronomer) [2]
A922 KF ·1922 MD
1928 QF ·1938 HG
main-belt   [1] [3]  ·(outer)
background   [4] [5]
Orbital characteristics   [3]
Epoch 31 May 2020 (JD 2459000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc 91.15 yr (33,291 d)
Aphelion 3.7852 AU
Perihelion 2.3472 AU
3.0662 AU
Eccentricity 0.2345
5.37 yr (1,961 d)
35.422°
0° 11m 0.96s / day
Inclination 13.657°
299.15°
350.82°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
  • 31.07±0.86  km [6]
  • 32.47±3.0 km [7]
  • 33.227±4.627 km [8]
>16  h [9] [lower-alpha 1]
  • 0.1838±0.040 [7]
  • 0.184±0.396 [8]
  • 0.214±0.013 [6]

    982 Franklina (prov. designation: A922 KFor1922 MD) is a background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 32 kilometers (20 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 21 May 1922, by South African astronomer Harry Edwin Wood at the Union Observatory in Johannesburg. [1] The uncommon A/Ld-type asteroid has a rotation period of at least 16 hours. [5] It was named after British amateur astronomer John Franklin Adams (1843–1912). [2]

    Contents

    Orbit and classification

    Franklina is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements. [4] [5] It orbits the Sun in the outer asteroid belt at a distance of 2.3–3.8  AU once every 5 years and 4 months (1,961 days; semi-major axis of 3.07 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.23 and an inclination of 14° with respect to the ecliptic. [3] The body's first observation was its discovery observation at Johannesburg on 21 May 1922. Its observation arc begins with it first used observation at Simeiz Observatory on 18 August 1928, more than 6 years after to its official discovery observation. [1]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named after British amateur astronomer and stellar cartographer John Franklin Adams (1843–1912), who created one of the earliest detailed, photographic atlases of the complete night sky (the Franklin-Adams plates or charts). He later donated his 25-centimeter Franklin-Adams Star Camera (Franklin-Adams photographic refractor) to the Johannesburg Observatory, which lead to the discovery of Proxima Centauri. [2] [11] [12] The naming was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 ( H 94 ). [2] Another asteroid, 1925 Franklin-Adams, discovered by Hendrik van Gent in 1934, was also named in his memory on 20 December 1983 ( M.P.C. 8402). [11]

    Physical characteristics

    In the Tholen- and SMASS-like taxonomy of the Small Solar System Objects Spectroscopic Survey (S3OS2), Franklina is an uncommon A-type and Ld-type asteroid, respectively. [5] [10]

    Rotation period

    In October 2004, a rotational lightcurve of Franklina was obtained from photometric observations by American Brian Warner at his Palmer Divide Observatory ( 716 ) in Colorado . Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of at least 16 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.05 magnitude or more ( U=2− ). The results, however, apart from an 8-hour long decline in brightness, are not very conclusive. [9] [lower-alpha 1] Two month earlier, French amateur astronomer Cyril Cavadore also attempted to determine the asteroid's period with little success ( U=1 ). [13] Based on its exceptionally low brightness variation, Franklina might be a rather spherical body with little to no albedo features on its surface, or, it might be due to a yet undetermined long period. Typically, a collaboration of astronomers taking photometric measurements around the globe is required to measures the period of such slow rotators.

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the survey carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Franklina measures between 31.1 and 33.2 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.18 and 0.21. [6] [7] [8] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.1837, and adopts a diameter of 32.47 kilometers from IRAS, based on an absolute magnitude of 9.9. [14]

    Notes

    1. 1 2 Lightcurve plot of (982) Franklina, Palmer Divide Observatory, by B. D. Warner (2004). Rotation period of at least 16 hours with a brightness amplitude of >0.05 mag. Quality code is 2−. Summary figures at the LCDB.

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    <span class="mw-page-title-main">882 Swetlana</span>

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    917 Lyka is a background asteroid, approximately 32 kilometers in diameter, located in the inner region of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 5 September 1915, by Russian astronomer Grigory Neujmin at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula. The X-type asteroid has a rotation period of 7.9 hours and is likely spherical in shape. It was named after Lyka, a friend of the discoverer's sister.

    921 Jovita is a dark background asteroid, approximately 58 kilometers in diameter, located in the outer regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 4 September 1919, by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany. The carbonaceous C-type asteroid (Ch) has a rotation period of 15.6 hours and is likely spherical in shape. It was named "Jovita", a common German female name unrelated to the discoverer's contemporaries, that was taken from the almanac Lahrer Hinkender Bote.

    959 Arne is a background asteroid and slow rotator, approximately 52 kilometers in diameter, located in the outer region of the asteroid belt. It was discovered by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory on 30 September 1921. The X-type asteroid has an exceptionally long rotation period of 123.7 hours. It was named after Arne Asplind, son of Swedish astronomer Bror Asplind (1890–1954).

    974 Lioba is a stony background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 25 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 18 March 1922, by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southern Germany. The S-type asteroid has a longer than average rotation period of 38.7 hours. It was named after missionary Saint Leoba (Lioba).

    976 Benjamina is a dark background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 81 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 27 March 1922, by Russian-French astronomer Benjamin Jekhowsky at the Algiers Observatory in North Africa. The large X/D-type asteroid has a rotation period of 9.7 hours and is likely regular in shape. It was named after the discoverer's son.

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    <span class="mw-page-title-main">979 Ilsewa</span>

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    987 Wallia is a large background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 52 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 23 October 1922, by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory in southern Germany. The D/T-type asteroid has a rotation period of 10.1 hours and shows an unusual trinomial lightcurve. It was named after a common German female name, unrelated to the discoverer's contemporaries, and taken from the almanac Lahrer Hinkender Bote.

    989 Schwassmannia is a stony background asteroid and a slow rotator from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 12.5 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 18 November 1922, by astronomer Friedrich Karl Arnold Schwassmann at the Bergedorf Observatory in Hamburg, Germany. The bright S/T-type asteroid has a long rotation period of 107.9 hours. It was named after the discoverer himself.

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    <span class="mw-page-title-main">1925 Franklin-Adams</span>

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    References

    1. 1 2 3 4 5 "982 Franklina (A922 KF)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
    2. 1 2 3 4 Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(982) Franklina". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 85. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_983. ISBN   978-3-540-00238-3.
    3. 1 2 3 4 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 982 Franklina (A922 KF)" (2019-10-09 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory . Retrieved 8 February 2020.
    4. 1 2 "Asteroid 982 Franklina – Proper Elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
    5. 1 2 3 4 "Asteroid 982 Franklina". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
    6. 1 2 3 Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi: 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117 . (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    7. 1 2 3 Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T . Retrieved 8 February 2020.
    8. 1 2 3 Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 759 (1): 5. arXiv: 1209.5794 . Bibcode:2012ApJ...759L...8M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8.
    9. 1 2 Warner, Brian D. (April 2011). "Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at the Palmer Divide Observatory: Unpublished Results from 1999 to 2008". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 38 (2): 89–92. Bibcode:2011MPBu...38...89W . Retrieved 8 February 2020.
    10. 1 2 3 Lazzaro, D.; Angeli, C. A.; Carvano, J. M.; Mothé-Diniz, T.; Duffard, R.; Florczak, M. (November 2004). "S3OS2: the visible spectroscopic survey of 820 asteroids" (PDF). Icarus. 172 (1): 179–220. Bibcode:2004Icar..172..179L. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.06.006 . Retrieved 8 February 2020.
    11. 1 2 Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1925) Franklin-Adams". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 155. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1926. ISBN   978-3-540-00238-3.
    12. ↑ "The Internet Encyclopedia of Science". David Darling. Archived from the original on 22 March 2017.
    13. ↑ Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (982) Franklina". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
    14. ↑ "LCDB Data for (982) Franklina". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 8 February 2020.
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