Active Royal Navy weapon systems

Last updated

This is a list of Active Royal Navy weapon systems.

Contents

Guns

4.5-inch Mark 8 naval gun

The 4.5-inch (114 mm) Mark 8 gun can be found on all the Royal Navy's frigates and destroyers and was used from the Falklands War to the War in Iraq. The gun can fire up to 24 high explosive shells per minute, each weighing more than 40 kilograms (88 lb), at targets more than 12 miles (19 km) away – this can be extended to nearly 18 miles (29 km) if special extended-range shells are used.

The main purpose of the gun is naval gunfire support – artillery bombardment of shore targets. In this role the gun is capable of firing the equivalent of a six-gun shore battery. It can still be used as an anti-ship weapon. [1]

30 mm DS-30B Mk 1/DS30M Mark 2 naval gun

The 30 mm DS-30B Mk 1 and DS30M Mark 2 are 30-millimetre (1.2 in) automated naval gun systems designed to defend ships from fast inshore attack craft armed with short-range weaponry. The DS30M Mark 2 system consists of a 30 mm Mark 44 Bushmaster II cannon on a fully automated mount with an off-mount electro-optical director (EOD). The systems are fitted to all Type 23 frigates (Mk2s), Type 45 destroyers (said to be carrying Mk1s as of 2021), Batch 2 River-class offshore patrol vessels (OPVs) (Mk2s), Hunt-class mine countermeasures vessels (Mk1s), Sandown-class minehunter (Mk1) and several Royal Fleet Auxiliary (RFA) ships (Bay and Tide-class) all reported to be carrying Mk1s when they have weapons packages added. The system is capable of being deployed on the aircraft carriers HMS Queen Elizabeth and HMS Prince of Wales, but as of 2021 had not been fitted. [2] [3] [4]

Oerlikon 20 mm cannon

The Oerlikon 20 mm (0.79 in) cannon can be found on the Batch 1 River-class OPVs, the primary casualty receiving ship RFA Argus, and the multi-role replenishment ship Fort Victoria. [4]

Browning .50-calibre (12.7 mm) heavy machine gun

The Browning .50-calibre heavy machine gun can be found fitted to ships, the first of which was HMS Atherstone in 2014, [5] and in 2021 it was reported that HMS Lancaster had also been fitted with them. [6] As of 2023, .50 heavy machine guns were said to be replacing the former 7.62 mm minigun on Royal Navy ships. [7]

7.62 mm miniguns

A minigun aboard HMS Monmouth Royal Navy Minigun Firing Firing from HMS Monmouth MOD 45152706.jpg
A minigun aboard HMS Monmouth

All Royal Navy ships carried miniguns for close in defence. [8] [9] But the system was scheduled to be retired from service in 2023 and replaced with Browning .50 caliber heavy machine guns. [10]

7.62 mm General Purpose Machine Gun (GPMG)

GPMGs are used for close in defence. [8] [9]

Close-in weapon systems

Phalanx 20 mm

The Phalanx Close-in Weapon System (CIWS) is an anti-ship missile defence system. It is fitted to the Queen Elizabeth-class aircraft carriers, the Type 45 destroyers as well as Royal Fleet Auxiliary vessels when those vessels have weapon packages added. [11] It is also currently in the designs[ when? ] for the new Type 26 frigate. During Operation Telic, Phalanx guns were removed from ships and were crewed by Royal Navy personnel based at Basra airport, as part of the Centurion C-RAM system. [12]

Phalanx is now the only CIWS fitted to Royal Navy ships following the decommissioning of HMS Invincible, HMS Illustrious and the Type 22 frigates which were equipped with Goalkeeper. The last active Goalkeeper system was removed from HMS Bulwark when she entered extended readiness in 2016.

Torpedoes

Spearfish torpedo

The Spearfish torpedo is the Royal Navy's heavyweight torpedo, weighing nearly 2 metric tons (2.0 long tons ; 2.2 short tons ), which is carried by both the attack submarines and ballistic missile submarines. It has a range of more than 30 mi (48 km) with a speed in excess of 92 miles per hour (148 km/h) and can be used either against other submarines or ships of any size. It carries a 300 kg (660 lb) explosive charge and is guided either by its in-built sonar or via a copper-cadmium wire. [13]

The Spearfish is undergoing a major upgrade program which will provide sophisticated advances in its homing, warheads, tactical and fueling systems, as well an upgraded guidance link. [14]

Sting Ray torpedo

The Sting Ray torpedo is the Royal Navy's lightweight torpedo which is designed to be carried by the anti-submarine helicopters AgustaWestland Merlin and Lynx Wildcat. It has a range of around 5 mi (8.0 km) with a speed of more than 52 mph (84 km/h) and is designed to be used predominantly against submarines. It carries a 45 kg (99 lb) explosive charge which is powerful enough to punch through the double hulls of modern submarines. [15] It is also integrated on board the Type 23 frigates, deployed by two twin torpedo launchers.

Depth charges

The Mk11 Depth Charge is a depth charge used by Lynx Wildcat or Merlin Mk2 helicopters to attack enemy submarines. [16]

Mine disposal system

Seafox

The Seafox Mine Disposal System is an unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) used by both the Sandown and Hunt-class minehunters to counter naval mines. The unit incorporates a remotely controlled surveillance system in order to identify a target, guided from the parent ship via fibre optic cables. Once a mine has been identified, an expendable autonomous or remote guided unit is guided to the target and detonates a shaped charge to destroy the mine. Four independent reversible motors and a hover thruster provide high manoeuvrability, allowing for exact placement prior to charge detonation. The Seafox has been used by the Royal Navy clearing coastal waters in both Iraq and Libya conflicts.

Surface-to-air missiles

Sea Ceptor

The Sea Ceptor missile is currently being integrated [ when? ] into the Type 23 frigates, as a replacement to the Sea Wolf missile. It has a maximum range over 25 kilometres (16 mi) and can reach Mach 3. The manufacturer states it has a "wide target set", including the capability to engage small naval vessels, which would give the missile a limited surface-to-surface role. A Royal Navy officer of the Type 23 frigate HMS Westminster stated: "Westminster managed to explore the real potential of the system during her training and to say it is a real game changer is an understatement. Unlike its predecessor, the system is capable of defending ships other than Westminster herself. Whether it's engaging multiple air threats or fast incoming attack craft, Sea Ceptor represents a massive capability upgrade for the Type 23 frigate." [17]

Sea Viper

HMS Defender firing an Aster missile. HMS Defender Sea Viper.jpg
HMS Defender firing an Aster missile.

The Sea Viper is the main weapon of the Type 45 destroyers. As part of PAAMS, it can defend an entire naval task group against aerial threats up to 70 mi (110 km) away.

Internationally, the Sea Viper system is known as Principal Anti-Air Missile System. It comprises the SAMPSON radar, a Combat Management System, S1850M long-range radar, the Sylver vertical launching system and Aster 15 (20 mi, 32 km) and Aster 30 (75 mi, 121 km) missiles, which are highly manoeuvrable and capable of speeds over Mach 4. [18]

Anti-ship missiles

In November 2022, UK Secretary of State for Defence, Ben Wallace, confirmed that Norway's Naval Strike Missile would be purchased to equip a total of eleven of the Royal Navy's Type 23 frigates and Type 45 destroyers on an interim basis. [19] [20] Beginning in late 2023, the Naval Strike Missile (NSM) began being fit to a total of 11 Type 23 frigates and Type 45 destroyers in a 2×4 canister configuration to replace the Harpoon Block 1C anti-ship missile, which was formally retired at the end of 2023. [21] The missile also has the capability to attack land targets. [22]

The permanent replacement for Harpoon will be the FC/ASW (Future Cruise/Anti Ship Weapon), first announced in 2016, it will fly at hypersonic speed and will equip the new Type 26 frigates from 2028. [23] [24] In October 2021 this was put on hold. [25] [26] Then it was announced in November that the introduction of these weapons may be delayed until the 2030s. [27]

Martlet

The Martlet is a lightweight air-to-surface, anti-aircraft and surface-to-surface missile under development by Thales Air Defence for the United Kingdom. As of 2021, Martlet entered initial service on the Fleet Air Arm's AgustaWestland AW159 Wildcat in the air-to-surface mode with up to twenty Martlet missiles envisaged for deployment on a single Wildcat helicopter. The missile is intended to counter light fast attack boats [28] Full operating capability is anticipated in 2025. [29] though it also incorporates an anti-aircraft capability demonstrating effectiveness against UAVs for example. [30]

The Martlet has also been tested in the surface-to-surface mode on the Type 23 frigate, using a launcher mounted on the side of the 30 mm cannon, though it has not been deployed by the navy in that capacity.

Sea Venom

The Sea Venom is a helicopter-launched lightweight anti-ship missile developed by MBDA to replace the Sea Skua. Sea Venom missiles were reported deployed with Royal Navy Wildcat helicopters operating as part of the Royal Navy's carrier strike group in 2021. [31] The missile weighs 110 kg (240 lb) and has a warhead of 30 kg (66 lb). However, operating challenges were reported in 2023 as "ongoing" and full operating capability for Sea Venom was delayed until 2026. [32] [33] It is optimized to attack fast inshore attack craft (FIAC), however it can also damage targets up to corvette size. [34]

Land attack missiles

A Royal Navy Tomahawk Land Attack Cruise Missile Tomahawk Land Attack Missile ( Cruise Missile) (TLAM) flying through the air. 12-04-2000 MOD 45138116.jpg
A Royal Navy Tomahawk Land Attack Cruise Missile
A Trident II Submarine Launched Intercontinental Ballistic Missile Trident II missile image.jpg
A Trident II Submarine Launched Intercontinental Ballistic Missile

Tomahawk missile

The Tomahawk missile, also known as TLAM (Tomahawk Land Attack Cruise Missile), allows the Navy's submarines to strike at targets on land accurately. The missile has been in use with the Royal Navy since the late 1990s and has been used in the Kosovo conflict and in the campaigns in the War in Afghanistan and Iraq. It is fired from a boat's torpedo tubes. Once it reaches the surface, a booster rocket ignites to propel the missile skywards. The Tomahawk then heads for its target at 550 mph (890 km/h), delivering a 1,000 lb (450 kg) explosive warhead.

The Tomahawk IV is the latest version of the missile. It has a longer range than its predecessors and can be directed at a new target in-flight, and can also beam back images of the battlefield. In British service it is fitted to all Trafalgar and Astute-class submarines. [35] It is currently planned to be[ when? ] phased out of service in the United States Navy, with no more weapons to be produced after 2015, meaning that it may no longer be an option for the Royal Navy from around the end of the decade. [36] The UK last bought 65 Tomahawk Land Attack Missiles in July 2014. [37]

Trident II D5 ballistic missile

The Trident nuclear missile is Britain's nuclear deterrent. Carried only by the four Vanguard-class submarines, the missiles travel up to 7,000 miles (11,000 km) at over 13,000 mph (21,000 km/h). Each Vanguard boat can carry up to sixteen missiles, and each missile can deliver up to eight warheads. Each variable yield warhead can have a yield up to 100 kt. [38]

See also

Related Research Articles

Type 23 frigate Class of frigates built for the Royal Navy

The Type 23 frigate or Duke class is a class of frigates built for the United Kingdom's Royal Navy. The ships are named after British Dukes, thus leading to the class being commonly known as the Duke class. The first Type 23, HMS Norfolk, was commissioned in 1989, and the sixteenth, HMS St Albans was commissioned in June 2002. They form the core of the Royal Navy's destroyer and frigate fleet and serve alongside the Type 45 destroyers. They were designed for anti-submarine warfare, but have been used for a range of uses. Eight Type 23 frigates remain in service with the Royal Navy, with three vessels having been sold to the Chilean Navy and five being retired since 2021.

Type 45 destroyer 2009 Royal Navy destroyer class

The Type 45 destroyer, also known as the D or Daring class, is a class of six guided-missile destroyers built for the United Kingdom's Royal Navy in the early 21st century. The class is primarily designed for anti-aircraft and anti-missile warfare and is built around the PAAMS air-defence system using the SAMPSON Active electronically scanned array (AESA) and the S1850M long-range radars. The first three destroyers were assembled by BAE Systems Surface Fleet Solutions from partially prefabricated "blocks" built at different shipyards; the remaining three were built by BAE Systems Maritime – Naval Ships. The first ship in the Daring class, HMS Daring, was launched on 1 February 2006 and commissioned on 23 July 2009.

HMS <i>Iron Duke</i> (F234) 1993 Type 23 or Duke-class frigate of the Royal Navy

HMS Iron Duke is a Type 23 frigate of the Royal Navy, and the third ship to bear the name.

HMS <i>Portland</i> (F79) 2001 Type 23 or Duke-class frigate of the Royal Navy

HMS Portland is a Type 23 frigate of the British Royal Navy. She is the eighth ship to bear the name and is the fifteenth and penultimate ship of the 'Duke' class of frigates, and is named for the currently extinct title of the Dukedom of Portland, and more particularly for the third Duke, who was Prime Minister.

HMS <i>St Albans</i> (F83) 2002 Type 23 or Duke-class frigate of the Royal Navy

HMS St Albans is a Type 23 frigate of the Royal Navy. She is the sixth ship to bear the name and is the sixteenth and final ship in the Duke class of frigates. She is based in Devonport, Plymouth.

HMS <i>Ambush</i> (S120) Astute-class nuclear-powered attack submarine of the Royal Navy

HMS Ambush is an Astute-class nuclear-powered attack submarine of the Royal Navy, the second boat of her class.

HMS Artful is the third Astute-class nuclear-powered fleet submarine of the British Royal Navy. She is the second submarine of the Royal Navy to bear this name. Artful was ordered from GEC's Marconi Marine on 17 March 1997, and was constructed at Barrow in Furness. She was named on 20 September 2013, was rolled out of the shipyard construction hall on 16 May 2014, and was due to start sea trials in early 2015. Artful made her first successful basin dive in October 2014, and sailed on 13 August 2015 for sea trials. Artful was handed over the Royal Navy on 14 December 2015, and commissioned on 18 March 2016.

HMS <i>Dido</i> (F104) 1963 Type 12I or Leander-class frigate of the Royal Navy

HMS Dido was a Royal Navy (RN) Leander-class frigate. Entering service in 1961, Dido was involved in the Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation, served with NATO's Standing Naval Force Atlantic on several occasions, and was one of the frigates used for the filming of the drama series Warship.

HMS Phoebe (F42) was a Leander-class frigate of the Royal Navy (RN). She was, like the rest of her class, named after a figure of mythology. Built by Alexander Stephen and Sons on the River Clyde, she was launched on 19 December 1964 and commissioned on 15 May 1966.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Future of the Royal Navy</span>

Future planning of the Royal Navy's capabilities is set through periodic Defence Reviews carried out by the British Government.

Type 26 frigate Frigate class being built for the Royal Navy

The Type 26 frigate, also known as City-class frigate, is a class of frigates and destroyers being built for the United Kingdom's Royal Navy, with variants also being built for the Australian and Canadian navies. The programme, known as the Global Combat Ship, was launched by the British Ministry of Defence to partially replace the navy's thirteen Type 23 frigates, and for export. Its primary role is to conduct advanced anti-submarine warfare missions while supporting air defence and general purpose operations. The type is the first naval platform shared between Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom since the pre-Second World War Tribal-class destroyer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Standing Royal Navy deployments</span>

Standing Royal Navy deployments is a list of operations and commitments undertaken by the United Kingdom's Royal Navy on a worldwide basis. The following list details these commitments and deployments sorted by region and in alphabetical order. Routine deployments made by the Navy's nuclear-powered submarines and their location of operations is classified.

<i>Rothesay</i>-class frigate Class of frigate of the Royal Navy

The Rothesay class, or Type 12M frigates were a class of frigates serving with the Royal Navy, South African Navy and the Royal New Zealand Navy.

HMS <i>Diamond</i> (D34) Royal Navy destroyer

HMS Diamond is the third ship of the Type 45 or Daring-class air-defence guided missile destroyers built for the Royal Navy. She was launched in 2007, and completed her contractor's sea trials and arrived at her base port in 2010. Diamond formally entered service in 2011.

HMS <i>Duncan</i> (D37) 2013 Type 45 or Daring-class air-defence destroyer of the Royal Navy

HMS Duncan is the sixth and last of the Type 45 or Daring-class air-defence destroyers built for the Royal Navy and launched in 2010. Duncan is named after Adam Duncan, 1st Viscount Duncan, who defeated the Dutch fleet at the Battle of Camperdown on 11 October 1797. The destroyer has served in the Mediterranean, Black, and Caribbean Seas, and in 2019 was deployed to the Persian Gulf in response to increased tensions with Iran in the region. In May 2024, she deployed to the Red Sea to protect international shipping from the ongoing Houthi attacks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">AgustaWestland AW159 Wildcat</span> Improved series of the Westland Super Lynx military helicopter

The AgustaWestland AW159 Wildcat is a military helicopter, developed by the British-Italian helicopter manufacturer AgustaWestland, and later marketed by the Italian aerospace company Leonardo. It is an improved version of the Westland Super Lynx designed to serve in the battlefield utility, search and rescue, aerial reconnaissance, anti-submarine warfare (ASW), anti-surface warfare (ASuW), utility, command and control, and troop transport duties.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">30mm DS30M Mark 2 Automated Small Calibre Gun</span> Gun turret for autocannon with automated mount or manual control

The 30mm DS30M Mark 2 is a ship-protection system made by MSI-Defence Systems consisting of a 30mm Mark 44 Bushmaster II cannon on an automated mount. It was designed to defend Royal Navy frigates from fast inshore attack craft armed with short-range missiles, rocket-propelled grenades, machine guns, or explosives.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Martlet (missile)</span> Laser-guided battlefield missile (ASM, AAM, SAM and SSM)

Martlet or the Lightweight Multirole Missile(LMM) is a lightweight air-to-surface, air-to-air, surface-to-air, and surface-to-surface missile developed by Thales Air Defence for the United Kingdom. It is named after a mythical bird from English heraldry that never roosts, the Martlet.

Type 31 frigate Future frigate of the Royal Navy

The Type 31 frigate, also known as the Inspiration class, and formerly known as the Type 31e frigate or General Purpose Frigate (GPF), is a class of five frigates being built for the United Kingdom's Royal Navy, with variants also being built for the Indonesian and Polish navies. The Type 31 is intended to enter service in the 2020s alongside the eight submarine-hunting Type 26 frigate and will replace the five general-purpose Type 23 frigates. The Type 31 is part of the British government's "National Shipbuilding Strategy".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wildcat Maritime Force</span> Element of the Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm

Wildcat Maritime Force (WMF) is a unit of the Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm. Its primary role is to deploy the AgustaWestland Wildcat HMA2, a battlefield utility, search and rescue, aerial reconnaissance, anti-submarine warfare (ASW), anti-surface warfare (ASuW) and troop transport helicopter, to the frontline. Wildcat Maritime Force is formed of two squadrons, both based at Royal Naval Air Station Yeovilton in Somerset, England, 815 Naval Air Squadron for frontline operations and 825 Naval Air Squadron for engineer training and aircrew conversion.

References

  1. ↑ "4.5IN MK8 GUN (archive)". royalnavy.mod.uk. Archived from the original on 10 April 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  2. ↑ "Supporting the fleet's gun system" (PDF). Desider. July 2017. p. 36. Retrieved 19 February 2021.
  3. ↑ "Close-in defence for the Royal Navy's aircraft carriers". navylookout.com. 28 April 2021. Retrieved 30 April 2021.
  4. 1 2 "The all-rounder – the 30mm Automated Small Calibre Gun in focus". Navy Lookout. 13 January 2021. Retrieved 29 March 2023.
  5. ↑ "Atherstone Increasing the Calibre of MCM". royalnavy.mod.uk. Ministry of Defence. November 25, 2014. Retrieved 10 August 2014.
  6. ↑ "Lancaster Lays Down the Lead Testing Extra Firepower". Royal Navy. February 9, 2021. Retrieved March 12, 2021.
  7. ↑ "In focus: the Fleet Solid Support ship design". Navy Lookout. 28 February 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  8. 1 2 Royal Navy Gunnery (archive), royalnavy.mod.uk, Retrieved 11 June 2014
  9. 1 2 "HMS Daring's Warfare Department". Royal Navy website. Archived from the original on 2010-06-16. Retrieved 2010-06-08.
  10. ↑ "In focus: the 50 cal heavy machine gun in Royal Navy service". Navy Lookout. 5 May 2023. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
  11. ↑ "Last ditch defence – the Phalanx close-in weapon system in focus". Navy Lookout. 10 August 2020. Retrieved 29 March 2023.
  12. ↑ "Phalanx (archive)". royalnavy.mod.uk. Archived from the original on 10 April 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  13. ↑ "Spearfish Torpedo (archive)". royalnavy.mod.uk. Archived from the original on 10 April 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  14. ↑ BAE Systems Spearfish torpedo, baesystems.com Archived 2014-02-21 at the Wayback Machine
  15. ↑ "Sting Ray torpedo (archive)". royalnavy.mod.uk. Archived from the original on 2012-05-24. Retrieved 19 February 2021.
  16. ↑ Fallon, Michael (9 October 2014). "Type 26 Global Combat Ship" (PDF). parliament.uk. Retrieved 12 March 2019.
  17. ↑ "Missile success for HMS Westminster as second ship to fire new Sea Ceptor". www.royalnavy.mod.uk. Retrieved 2018-03-21.
  18. ↑ "Sea Viper (archive)". royalnavy.mod.uk. Archived from the original on 2012-05-24. Retrieved 19 February 2021.
  19. ↑ "Royal Navy to buy the Naval Strike Missile". Navy Lookout. 23 November 2022. Retrieved 23 November 2022.
  20. ↑ "Royal Navy ships to be fitted with advanced new missile system". gov.uk . 23 November 2022. Retrieved 23 November 2022.
  21. ↑ Vavasseur, Xavier (19 December 2023). "UK Royal Navy Declares IOC with Naval Strike Missile". Naval News. Retrieved 16 December 2024.
  22. ↑ "Norges ukjente supervåpen: Marinefartøyene har kryssermissiler". www.vg.no. 30 May 2016.
  23. ↑ "UK AND FRANCE CONFIRM FC/ASW CONCEPTION PHASE STARTING IN MARCH 2017". MBDA. 16 December 2016. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
  24. ↑ "Royal Navy's Type 26 Frigates to be equipped with cruise missiles by 2028 | Navy Lookout". www.navylookout.com. 9 July 2021. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
  25. ↑ Cabirol, Michel (4 October 2021). "Sous-marins australiens : le programme franco-britannique de missiles de croisière en suspens". La Tribune (in French). Retrieved August 5, 2022.
  26. ↑ GroizeIeau, Vincent (1 October 2021). "Missiles : le programme franco-britannique FMAN/FMC en suspens". Mer et Marine (in French). Retrieved August 5, 2022.
  27. ↑ "Royal Navy rows back on plans to acquire new anti-ship missiles before 2030s | Navy Lookout". Archived from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
  28. ↑ "Watch a Royal Navy Wildcat Helicopter Fire Its First Operational Martlet Missile". 22 October 2021.
  29. ↑ Allison, George (23 July 2023). "Martlet achieves progress in operating capabilities". UK Defence Journal.
  30. ↑ "The Royal Navy has enhanced its ability to thwart drone attack after helicopter crews downed a pilotless aircraft off the Welsh coast". Royal Navy. 2 November 2024. Retrieved 2 November 2024.
  31. ↑ "RN Wildcats field new anti-surface guided weapons for CSG21".
  32. ↑ "Royal Navy's Sea Venom light anti-ship missile full operating capability delayed until 2026". Navy Lookout. 21 June 2023.
  33. ↑ "In focus: the Wildcat multi role helicopter in service with the Royal Navy". Save the Royal Navy. 2019-02-04. Retrieved 2020-05-12.
  34. ↑ "Light Naval Strike: MBDA's Sea Venom / ANL Missile". Defense Industry Daily. 19 December 2018.
  35. ↑ "Tomahawk Cruise Missile (archive)". royalnavy.mod.uk. Archived from the original on 10 April 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  36. ↑ "Tomahawk Cancellation an Error of Defense Strategy and Alliance Policy". heritage.org. 2 April 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2021.
  37. ↑ "United Kingdom - Tomahawk Block IV Torpedo Launched Land-Attack Missiles". dsca.mil. 1 July 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2021.
  38. ↑ "Trident D5 Ballistic Missile (archive)". royalnavy.mod.uk. Archived from the original on 10 April 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.