Adaptations and portrayals of F. Scott Fitzgerald

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F. Scott Fitzgerald circa 1920 F Scott Fitzgerald circa 1920.jpg
F. Scott Fitzgerald circa 1920

F. Scott Fitzgerald was an American writer known for his novels and short stories which often celebrated the decadence and excess of the Jazz Age. Many of his literary works were adapted into cinematic films, television episodes, and theatrical productions. Although a number of his works were adapted during his lifetime, the number of adaptations greatly increased following his death, and several cinematic adaptations gained considerable critical acclaim.

Contents

The earliest adaptations of Fitzgerald's work were flapper film comedies such as The Husband Hunter (1920) and The Off-Shore Pirate (1921). Notable film adaptations of his novel The Great Gatsby include a 1974 film—which featured a script by Francis Ford Coppola and starred Robert Redford and Mia Farrow—and a 2013 adaptation which featured Leonardo DiCaprio in the titular role. His later novel The Last Tycoon was adapted by Elia Kazan into a 1976 film, with an ensemble cast featuring Robert De Niro and Jack Nicholson among others.

Beyond adaptations of his novels and stories, Fitzgerald himself has been portrayed in a variety of media, including novels and theatrical productions. On film, he has been portrayed by actors such as Tom Hiddleston, Jeremy Irons, and Gregory Peck.

Adaptations

Short stories

The Husband Hunter (1920) - 2.jpg
Off Shore Pirate 1921.jpg
The silent films The Husband Hunter (1920) and The Off-Shore Pirate (1921) were among the first cinematic adaptations of Fitzgerald's works.

Fitzgerald's stories and novels have been adapted many times into a variety of media formats. His earliest short stories were cinematically adapted as flapper comedies such as The Husband Hunter (1920), The Chorus Girl's Romance (1920), and The Off-Shore Pirate (1921). The latter two both starred Viola Dana. [1] His short story "Bernice Bobs Her Hair" was adapted in 1951 as a CBS Starlight Theatre episode starring Julie Harris and in 1976 as a PBS American Short Story episode starring Shelley Duvall. [2] Additionally, his short story "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button" was the basis for a 2008 film. [3]

Novels

Nearly every novel by Fitzgerald has been adapted for the screen. His second novel The Beautiful and Damned was filmed in 1922 and 2010. [4] His third novel The Great Gatsby has been adapted numerous times for both film and television over the past century, most notably in the 1926, 1949, 1958, 1974, 2000, and 2013 incarnations. [5] His fourth novel Tender Is the Night was made into a 1955 CBS television episode, an eponymous 1962 film, and a BBC television miniseries in 1985. [6] In 1976, his unfinished fifth novel The Last Tycoon was adapted into a film starring Robert de Niro, [7] and in 2016 it was adapted as an Amazon Prime TV miniseries. [8]

Portrayals

Peck On the Beach Publicity Photo.jpg
Jason Robards 1956 Obie Awards (cropped).jpg
Jeremy Irons.jpg
Gregory Peck, Jason Robards, and Jeremy Irons have portrayed Fitzgerald in various film productions.

Beyond adaptations of his novels and stories, Fitzgerald himself has been portrayed in dozens of books, plays, and films. He inspired Budd Schulberg's novel The Disenchanted (1950), which follows an apprentice screenwriter in Hollywood collaborating with a drunk and flawed novelist. [9] It was later adapted into a Broadway play starring Jason Robards. [10] A musical about the lives of Fitzgerald and his wife Zelda Sayre was composed by Frank Wildhorn in 2005 and entitled Waiting for the Moon . [11] Due to his continuing appeal and international reputation as an author, the Japanese Takarazuka Revue created a musical adaptation of Fitzgerald's life. [12]

The last years of Fitzgerald's life and his relationship with Sheilah Graham served as the basis for Beloved Infidel (1959) based on Graham's 1958 memoir of the same name. [13] The film depicts an alcoholic Fitzgerald (played by Gregory Peck) and his struggle with sobriety while romancing Graham (played by Deborah Kerr). [13] Another film, Last Call (2002) chronicles the relations between Fitzgerald (Jeremy Irons) and his private secretary Frances Kroll Ring (Neve Campbell). [14]

Other depictions include the TV movies Zelda (1993, with Timothy Hutton), F. Scott Fitzgerald in Hollywood (1976, with Jason Miller), and The Last of the Belles (1974, with Richard Chamberlain). Tom Hiddleston and Alison Pill appear briefly as Fitzgerald and Zelda in Woody Allen's 2011 feature film Midnight in Paris . [15] David Hoflin and Christina Ricci portray the Fitzgeralds in the 2015 television series Z: The Beginning of Everything . [16] Guy Pearce and Vanessa Kirby portray the couple in Genius (2016). [17]

List of adaptations

Films

YearTitleDirectorNotesDistributor Rotten Tomatoes Metacritic
1920 The Chorus Girl's Romance William C. Dowlan Based on the short story "Head and Shoulders". Metro Pictures
1920 The Husband Hunter Howard M. Mitchell Based on the short story "Myra Meets His Family". Fox Film Corporation
1921 The Off-Shore Pirate Dallas Fitzgerald Based on the short story "The Offshore Pirate".
The film is considered lost
Metro Pictures
1922 The Beautiful and Damned William A. Seiter Based on the novel of the same name.
The film is considered lost
Warner Brothers 50% (6 reviews) [18]
1924 Grit Frank Tuttle Based on a short story of the same name.
The film is considered lost
Hodkinson Distribution
1926 The Great Gatsby Herbert Brenon Based on the novel of the same name.
The film is considered lost
Paramount Pictures 55% (22 reviews) [19]
1949 The Great Gatsby Elliott Nugent Based on the novel of the same name.Paramount Pictures33% (9 reviews) [20]
1954 The Last Time I Saw Paris Richard Brooks Based on the short story "Babylon Revisited". Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer 88% (8 reviews) [21]
1962 Tender Is the Night Henry King Based on the novel of the same name. 20th Century Fox
1974 The Great Gatsby Jack Clayton Based on the novel of the same name.Paramount Pictures39% (36 reviews) [22] 43 (5 reviews) [23]
1976 The Last Tycoon Elia Kazan Based on the novel of the same name.Paramount Pictures41% (22 reviews) [24] 57 (11 reviews) [25]
2008 The Curious Case of Benjamin Button David Fincher Based on a short story of the same name.Paramount Pictures71% (258 reviews) [26] 70 (37 reviews) [27]
2013 The Great Gatsby Baz Luhrmann Based on the novel of the same name.Paramount Pictures48% (301 reviews) [28] 55 (45 reviews) [29]

Short films

YearTitleDirectorNotesDistributor RT
1929Pusher-in-the-Face Robert Florey Based on the short story of the same name.Paramount Pictures
2012The Dashing Mr. LowellKevin TelloBased on the short story of the same name.Carosello Productions
2012The Lost DecadeNic FfordeBased on the short story of the same name.IMS Film & Media Insurance
2013The Offshore PirateEric HeimboldBased on the short story "The Offshore Pirate".
2014Head and ShouldersTravis MillsBased on the short story "Head and Shoulders".Running Wild Films
2015Bernice Bobs Her HairDelilah Napier Based on the short story of the same name.

Television

YearTitleNotesDistributorNetwork RT
1949The Last TycoonEpisode of Philco Television Playhouse based on the novel.Showcase Productions NBC
1950"The Cut Glass Bowl"Episode of Nash Airlyfte Theater based on the short story. CBS Television Network CBS
1950"Three Hours Between Planes"Episode of Starlight Theatre based on the short story.CBS Television NetworkCBS
1951"Bernice Bobs Her Hair"Episode of Starlight Theatre based on the short story.CBS Television NetworkCBS
1951The Last TycoonEpisode of Robert Montgomery Presents based on the novel.Neptune ProductionsNBC
1952"Rich Boy"Episode of Philco Television Playhouse based on the short story.Showcase ProductionsNBC
1952"The Party"Episode of Curtain Call based on the short story. Worthington Miner NBC
1952"Three Hours Between Planes"Episode of Lux Theatre based on the short story.J. Walter Thompson AgencyCBS
1953"The Last Kiss"Episode of Schlitz Playhouse based on the short story.CBS Television NetworkCBS
1953"The Dance"Episode of Suspense based on the short story.CBS Television NetworkCBS
1954"Babylon Revisited"Episode of Ponds Theater based on the short story.J. Walter Thompson Agency ABC
1955The Great GatsbyEpisode of Robert Montgomery Presents based on the novel.Neptune ProductionsNBC
1955"The Dance"Episode of Climax! based on the short story.CBS Television NetworkCBS
1955Tender Is the NightEpisode of Front Row Center based on the novel.CBS Television NetworkCBS
1955"The Diamond as Big as the Ritz"Episode of Kraft Theatre based on the short story.J. Walter Thompson AgencyNBC
1956"Winter Dreams"Episode of Front Row Center based on the short story.CBS Television NetworkCBS
1956"Three Hours Between Planes"Episode of Star Tonight based on the short story. ABC Television Network ABC
1956"The Young and the Beautiful"Episode of Robert Montgomery Presents based on the short story.Neptune ProductionsNBC
1957The Last TycoonEpisode of Playhouse 90 based on the novel. CBS Productions CBS
1957"Winter Dreams"Episode of Playhouse 90 based on the short story.CBS ProductionsCBS
1958 The Great Gatsby Episode of Playhouse 90 based on the novel.CBS ProductionsCBS
1958"The Last of the Belles"Episode of Kraft Theatre based on the short story.J. Walter Thompson AgencyNBC
1959The Last TycoonEpisode of Armchair Theatre based on the novel. ABC Weekend Television ITV
1962"Crazy Sunday"Episode of The Dick Powell Theatre based on the short story. Four Star Productions NBC
1963"The Camel's Back"Episode of Teletale based on the short story. British Broadcasting Corporation BBC
1958"Majesty"Episode of The Jazz Age based on the short story.British Broadcasting CorporationBBC
1974 The Last of the Belles Television film based on the short story.Titus ProductionsABC
1976"Bernice Bobs Her Hair"Television film based on the short story.PBS Television Network PBS
1984"Under the Biltmore Clock"Episode of American Playhouse based on "Myra Meets His Family".PBS Television NetworkPBS
1985Tender Is the NightTelevision mini-series based on the novel. 20th Century Fox Television BBC
2000 The Great Gatsby Television film based on the novel. A&E Television Networks A&E
2016 The Last Tycoon Television mini-series based on the novel. Amazon Studios Prime Video 44% [30]

List of portrayals

YearTitlePortrayed ByNotesDistributor Rotten Tomatoes Metacritic
1959 Beloved Infidel Gregory Peck Based on the memoirs of Sheilah Graham. 20th Century Fox
1974 Last of the Belles Richard Chamberlain A semi-fictional adaptation of Fitzgerald's story.Titus Productions
1976 F. Scott Fitzgerald in Hollywood Jason Miller Television film.Titus Productions
1993 Zelda Timothy Hutton Television movie by TNT TNT
1994 Mrs. Parker and the Vicious Circle Malcolm Gets Focusing on the Algonquin Round Table Miramax Films
2002 Last Call Jeremy Irons Detailing Fitzgerald's last years in Hollywood. Showtime Networks
2011 Midnight in Paris Tom Hiddleston Supporting role Sony Pictures Classics 93% (224 reviews) [31] 81 [32]
2016 Z: The Beginning of Everything David Hoflin Based on the short story of the same name. Amazon Studios 69% (39 reviews) [33] 61 [34]
2016 Genius Guy Pearce Based on Max Perkins: Editor of Genius by A. Scott Berg. Summit Entertainment 52% (111 reviews) [35] 56 [36]

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">F. Scott Fitzgerald bibliography</span>

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References

Citations

  1. Mizener 1951, p. 330; The New York Times 1920, p. D2.
  2. Hischak 2012, p. 23.
  3. Scott 2008.
  4. Tate 1998, p. 14.
  5. Hall 1926; Coppola 2013; Kendall 2013.
  6. Hischak 2012, p. 240.
  7. Canby 1976.
  8. Ryan 2017.
  9. Gopnik 2014.
  10. Nelson 1958.
  11. Blank 2012.
  12. Buckton 2013.
  13. 1 2 Graham & Frank 1958 , pp. vii–ix, 172–173
  14. Genzlinger 2002; Ring 1985.
  15. Berger 2011.
  16. Wollaston 2017.
  17. Scott 2016.
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Works cited