F. Scott Fitzgerald was an American writer known for his novels and short stories which often celebrated the decadence and excess of the Jazz Age. Many of his literary works were adapted into cinematic films, television episodes, and theatrical productions. Although a number of his works were adapted during his lifetime, the number of adaptations greatly increased following his death, and several cinematic adaptations gained considerable critical acclaim.
The earliest adaptations of Fitzgerald's work were flapper film comedies such as The Husband Hunter (1920) and The Off-Shore Pirate (1921). Notable film adaptations of his novel The Great Gatsby include a 1974 film—which featured a script by Francis Ford Coppola and starred Robert Redford and Mia Farrow—and a 2013 adaptation which featured Leonardo DiCaprio in the titular role. His later novel The Last Tycoon was adapted by Elia Kazan into a 1976 film, with an ensemble cast featuring Robert De Niro and Jack Nicholson among others.
Beyond adaptations of his novels and stories, Fitzgerald himself has been portrayed in a variety of media, including novels and theatrical productions. On film, he has been portrayed by actors such as Tom Hiddleston, Jeremy Irons, and Gregory Peck.
Fitzgerald's stories and novels have been adapted many times into a variety of media formats. His earliest short stories were cinematically adapted as flapper comedies such as The Husband Hunter (1920), The Chorus Girl's Romance (1920), and The Off-Shore Pirate (1921). The latter two both starred Viola Dana. [1] His short story "Bernice Bobs Her Hair" was adapted in 1951 as a CBS Starlight Theatre episode starring Julie Harris and in 1976 as a PBS American Short Story episode starring Shelley Duvall. [2] Additionally, his short story "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button" was the basis for a 2008 film. [3]
Nearly every novel by Fitzgerald has been adapted for the screen. His second novel The Beautiful and Damned was filmed in 1922 and 2010. [4] His third novel The Great Gatsby has been adapted numerous times for both film and television over the past century, most notably in the 1926, 1949, 1958, 1974, 2000, and 2013 incarnations. [5] His fourth novel Tender Is the Night was made into a 1955 CBS television episode, an eponymous 1962 film, and a BBC television miniseries in 1985. [6] In 1976, his unfinished fifth novel The Last Tycoon was adapted into a film starring Robert de Niro, [7] and in 2016 it was adapted as an Amazon Prime TV miniseries. [8]
Beyond adaptations of his novels and stories, Fitzgerald himself has been portrayed in dozens of books, plays, and films. He inspired Budd Schulberg's novel The Disenchanted (1950), which follows an apprentice screenwriter in Hollywood collaborating with a drunk and flawed novelist. [9] It was later adapted into a Broadway play starring Jason Robards. [10] A musical about the lives of Fitzgerald and his wife Zelda Sayre was composed by Frank Wildhorn in 2005 and entitled Waiting for the Moon . [11] Due to his continuing appeal and international reputation as an author, the Japanese Takarazuka Revue created a musical adaptation of Fitzgerald's life. [12]
The last years of Fitzgerald's life and his relationship with Sheilah Graham served as the basis for Beloved Infidel (1959) based on Graham's 1958 memoir of the same name. [13] The film depicts an alcoholic Fitzgerald (played by Gregory Peck) and his struggle with sobriety while romancing Graham (played by Deborah Kerr). [13] Another film, Last Call (2002) chronicles the relations between Fitzgerald (Jeremy Irons) and his private secretary Frances Kroll Ring (Neve Campbell). [14]
Other depictions include the TV movies Zelda (1993, with Timothy Hutton), F. Scott Fitzgerald in Hollywood (1976, with Jason Miller), and The Last of the Belles (1974, with Richard Chamberlain). Tom Hiddleston and Alison Pill appear briefly as Fitzgerald and Zelda in Woody Allen's 2011 feature film Midnight in Paris . [15] David Hoflin and Christina Ricci portray the Fitzgeralds in the 2015 television series Z: The Beginning of Everything . [16] Guy Pearce and Vanessa Kirby portray the couple in Genius (2016). [17]
Year | Title | Director | Notes | Distributor | RT |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1929 | Pusher-in-the-Face | Robert Florey | Based on the short story of the same name. | Paramount Pictures | — |
2012 | The Dashing Mr. Lowell | Kevin Tello | Based on the short story of the same name. | Carosello Productions | — |
2012 | The Lost Decade | Nic Fforde | Based on the short story of the same name. | IMS Film & Media Insurance | — |
2013 | The Offshore Pirate | Eric Heimbold | Based on the short story "The Offshore Pirate". | — | |
2014 | Head and Shoulders | Travis Mills | Based on the short story "Head and Shoulders". | Running Wild Films | — |
2015 | Bernice Bobs Her Hair | Delilah Napier | Based on the short story of the same name. | — |
Year | Title | Notes | Distributor | Network | RT |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1949 | The Last Tycoon | Episode of Philco Television Playhouse based on the novel. | Showcase Productions | NBC | — |
1950 | "The Cut Glass Bowl" | Episode of Nash Airlyfte Theater based on the short story. | CBS Television Network | CBS | — |
1950 | "Three Hours Between Planes" | Episode of Starlight Theatre based on the short story. | CBS Television Network | CBS | — |
1951 | "Bernice Bobs Her Hair" | Episode of Starlight Theatre based on the short story. | CBS Television Network | CBS | — |
1951 | The Last Tycoon | Episode of Robert Montgomery Presents based on the novel. | Neptune Productions | NBC | — |
1952 | "Rich Boy" | Episode of Philco Television Playhouse based on the short story. | Showcase Productions | NBC | — |
1952 | "The Party" | Episode of Curtain Call based on the short story. | Worthington Miner | NBC | — |
1952 | "Three Hours Between Planes" | Episode of Lux Theatre based on the short story. | J. Walter Thompson Agency | CBS | — |
1953 | "The Last Kiss" | Episode of Schlitz Playhouse based on the short story. | CBS Television Network | CBS | — |
1953 | "The Dance" | Episode of Suspense based on the short story. | CBS Television Network | CBS | — |
1954 | "Babylon Revisited" | Episode of Ponds Theater based on the short story. | J. Walter Thompson Agency | ABC | — |
1955 | The Great Gatsby | Episode of Robert Montgomery Presents based on the novel. | Neptune Productions | NBC | — |
1955 | "The Dance" | Episode of Climax! based on the short story. | CBS Television Network | CBS | — |
1955 | Tender Is the Night | Episode of Front Row Center based on the novel. | CBS Television Network | CBS | — |
1955 | "The Diamond as Big as the Ritz" | Episode of Kraft Theatre based on the short story. | J. Walter Thompson Agency | NBC | — |
1956 | "Winter Dreams" | Episode of Front Row Center based on the short story. | CBS Television Network | CBS | — |
1956 | "Three Hours Between Planes" | Episode of Star Tonight based on the short story. | ABC Television Network | ABC | — |
1956 | "The Young and the Beautiful" | Episode of Robert Montgomery Presents based on the short story. | Neptune Productions | NBC | — |
1957 | The Last Tycoon | Episode of Playhouse 90 based on the novel. | CBS Productions | CBS | — |
1957 | "Winter Dreams" | Episode of Playhouse 90 based on the short story. | CBS Productions | CBS | — |
1958 | The Great Gatsby | Episode of Playhouse 90 based on the novel. | CBS Productions | CBS | — |
1958 | "The Last of the Belles" | Episode of Kraft Theatre based on the short story. | J. Walter Thompson Agency | NBC | — |
1959 | The Last Tycoon | Episode of Armchair Theatre based on the novel. | ABC Weekend Television | ITV | — |
1962 | "Crazy Sunday" | Episode of The Dick Powell Theatre based on the short story. | Four Star Productions | NBC | — |
1963 | "The Camel's Back" | Episode of Teletale based on the short story. | British Broadcasting Corporation | BBC | — |
1958 | "Majesty" | Episode of The Jazz Age based on the short story. | British Broadcasting Corporation | BBC | — |
1974 | The Last of the Belles | Television film based on the short story. | Titus Productions | ABC | — |
1976 | "Bernice Bobs Her Hair" | Television film based on the short story. | PBS Television Network | PBS | — |
1984 | "Under the Biltmore Clock" | Episode of American Playhouse based on "Myra Meets His Family". | PBS Television Network | PBS | — |
1985 | Tender Is the Night | Television mini-series based on the novel. | 20th Century Fox Television | BBC | — |
2000 | The Great Gatsby | Television film based on the novel. | A&E Television Networks | A&E | — |
2016 | The Last Tycoon | Television mini-series based on the novel. | Amazon Studios | Prime Video | 44% [30] |
Year | Title | Portrayed By | Notes | Distributor | Rotten Tomatoes | Metacritic |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1959 | Beloved Infidel | Gregory Peck | Based on the memoirs of Sheilah Graham. | 20th Century Fox | — | — |
1974 | Last of the Belles | Richard Chamberlain | A semi-fictional adaptation of Fitzgerald's story. | Titus Productions | — | — |
1976 | F. Scott Fitzgerald in Hollywood | Jason Miller | Television film. | Titus Productions | — | — |
1993 | Zelda | Timothy Hutton | Television movie by TNT | TNT | — | — |
1994 | Mrs. Parker and the Vicious Circle | Malcolm Gets | Focusing on the Algonquin Round Table | Miramax Films | — | — |
2002 | Last Call | Jeremy Irons | Detailing Fitzgerald's last years in Hollywood. | Showtime Networks | — | — |
2011 | Midnight in Paris | Tom Hiddleston | Supporting role | Sony Pictures Classics | 93% (224 reviews) [31] | 81 [32] |
2016 | Z: The Beginning of Everything | David Hoflin | Based on the short story of the same name. | Amazon Studios | 69% (39 reviews) [33] | 61 [34] |
2016 | Genius | Guy Pearce | Based on Max Perkins: Editor of Genius by A. Scott Berg. | Summit Entertainment | 52% (111 reviews) [35] | 56 [36] |
The Great Gatsby is a 1925 novel by American writer F. Scott Fitzgerald. Set in the Jazz Age on Long Island, near New York City, the novel depicts first-person narrator Nick Carraway's interactions with mysterious millionaire Jay Gatsby and Gatsby's obsession to reunite with his former lover, Daisy Buchanan.
Zelda Fitzgerald was an American novelist, painter, playwright, and socialite. Born in Montgomery, Alabama, to a wealthy Southern family, she became locally famous for her beauty and high spirits. In 1920, she married writer F. Scott Fitzgerald after the popular success of his debut novel, This Side of Paradise. The novel catapulted the young couple into the public eye, and she became known in the national press as the first American flapper. Due to their wild antics and incessant partying, she and her husband became regarded in the newspapers as the enfants terribles of the Jazz Age. Alleged infidelity and bitter recriminations soon undermined their marriage. After traveling abroad to Europe, Zelda's mental health deteriorated, and she had suicidal and homicidal tendencies which required psychiatric care. Her doctors diagnosed Zelda with schizophrenia, although later posthumous diagnoses posit bipolar disorder.
The Last Tycoon is an unfinished novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald. In 1941, it was published posthumously under this title, as prepared by his friend Edmund Wilson, a critic and writer. According to Publishers Weekly, the novel is "generally considered a roman a clef," with its lead character, Monroe Stahr, modeled after film producer Irving Thalberg. The story follows Stahr's rise to power in Hollywood, and his conflicts with rival Pat Brady, a character based on MGM studio head Louis B. Mayer.
Matthew Joseph Bruccoli was an American professor of English at the University of South Carolina. He was the preeminent expert on F. Scott Fitzgerald. He also wrote about other writers, notably Ernest Hemingway, Thomas Wolfe and John O'Hara, and was editor of the Dictionary of Literary Biography.
The Last Tycoon is a 1976 American period romantic drama film directed by Elia Kazan and produced by Sam Spiegel, based upon Harold Pinter's screenplay adaptation of F. Scott Fitzgerald's unfinished novel The Last Tycoon. It stars Robert De Niro, Tony Curtis, Robert Mitchum, Jack Nicholson, Donald Pleasence, Jeanne Moreau, Theresa Russell and Ingrid Boulting.
Tender Is the Night is the fourth and final novel completed by American writer F. Scott Fitzgerald. Set in French Riviera during the twilight of the Jazz Age, the 1934 novel chronicles the rise and fall of Dick Diver, a promising young psychiatrist, and his wife, Nicole, who is one of his patients. The story mirrors events in the lives of the author and his wife Zelda Fitzgerald as Dick starts his descent into alcoholism and Nicole descends into mental illness.
John Barrett "Jay" McInerney Jr. is an American novelist, screenwriter, editor, and columnist. His novels include Bright Lights, Big City, Ransom, Story of My Life, Brightness Falls, and The Last of the Savages. He edited The Penguin Book of New American Voices, wrote the screenplay for the 1988 film adaptation of Bright Lights, Big City, and co-wrote the screenplay for the television film Gia, which starred Angelina Jolie. He was the wine columnist for House & Garden magazine, and his essays on wine have been collected in Bacchus & Me (2000) and A Hedonist in the Cellar (2006). His most recent novel is titled Bright, Precious Days, published in 2016. From April 2010 he was a wine columnist for The Wall Street Journal. In 2009, he published a book of short stories which spanned his entire career, titled How It Ended, which was named one of the 10 best books of the year by Janet Maslin of The New York Times.
Jay Gatsby is the titular fictional character of F. Scott Fitzgerald's 1925 novel The Great Gatsby. The character is an enigmatic nouveau riche millionaire who lives in a luxurious mansion on Long Island where he often hosts extravagant parties and who allegedly gained his vast fortune by illicit bootlegging during prohibition in the United States. Fitzgerald based many details about the fictional character on Max Gerlach, a mysterious neighbor and World War I veteran whom the author met while living in New York City during the raucous Jazz Age. Like Gatsby, Gerlach threw lavish parties, never wore the same shirt twice, used the phrase "old sport", claimed to be educated at Oxford University, and fostered myths about himself, including that he was a relation of the German Kaiser.
The Great Gatsby is a 1974 American romantic drama film based on the 1925 novel of the same name by F. Scott Fitzgerald. The film was directed by Jack Clayton, produced by David Merrick, and written by Francis Ford Coppola. It stars Robert Redford in the title role of Jay Gatsby, along with Mia Farrow, Sam Waterston, Bruce Dern, and Karen Black.
The Great Gatsby is a 1926 American silent drama film directed by Herbert Brenon. It was the first film adaptation of the 1925 novel of the same name by F. Scott Fitzgerald. Warner Baxter portrayed Jay Gatsby and Lois Wilson portrayed Daisy Buchanan. The film was produced by Famous Players–Lasky, and distributed by Paramount Pictures. The Great Gatsby is now considered lost. A vintage movie trailer displaying short clips of the film still exists.
The Great Gatsby is a 2000 British-American romantic drama television film, based on the 1925 novel of the same name by F. Scott Fitzgerald. It was directed by Robert Markowitz, written by John J. McLaughlin, and stars Toby Stephens in the title role of Jay Gatsby, Mira Sorvino as Daisy Buchanan, Paul Rudd as Nick Carraway, Martin Donovan as Tom Buchanan, Francie Swift as Jordan Baker, Heather Goldenhersh as Myrtle Wilson, and Matt Malloy as Klipspringer. The film aired on March 29, 2000 in the United Kingdom on BBC, and on January 14, 2001 in the United States on A&E.
Daisy Fay Buchanan is a fictional character in F. Scott Fitzgerald's 1925 novel The Great Gatsby. The character is a wealthy socialite from Louisville, Kentucky who resides in the fashionable town of East Egg on Long Island during the Jazz Age. She is narrator Nick Carraway's second cousin, once removed, and the wife of polo player Tom Buchanan, by whom she has a daughter. Before marrying Tom, Daisy had a romantic relationship with Jay Gatsby. Her choice between Gatsby and Tom is one of the novel's central conflicts. Described by Fitzgerald as a "golden girl", she is the target of both Tom's callous domination and Gatsby's dehumanizing adoration. The ensuing contest of wills between Tom and Gatsby reduces Daisy to a trophy wife whose sole existence is to augment her possessor's socio-economic success.
Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald was an American novelist, essayist, and short story writer. He is best known for his novels depicting the flamboyance and excess of the Jazz Age—a term he popularized in his short story collection Tales of the Jazz Age. During his lifetime, he published four novels, four story collections, and 164 short stories. Although he achieved temporary popular success and fortune in the 1920s, Fitzgerald received critical acclaim only after his death and is now widely regarded as one of the greatest American writers of the 20th century.
Ginevra King Pirie was an American socialite and heiress. As one of Chicago's "Big Four" debutantes during World War I, she inspired many characters in the novels and stories of writer F. Scott Fitzgerald; in particular, the character of Daisy Buchanan in The Great Gatsby. A 16-year-old King met an 18-year-old Fitzgerald at a sledding party in Saint Paul, Minnesota, and they shared a passionate romance from 1915 to 1917.
The Stone Quarry is an American production company established in 2004 by filmmaker Zack Snyder, his wife Deborah Snyder and their producing partner Wesley Coller.
The Great Gatsby is a 2013 historical romantic drama film based on the 1925 novel of the same name by F. Scott Fitzgerald. The film was co-written and directed by Baz Luhrmann and stars an ensemble cast consisting of Leonardo DiCaprio, Tobey Maguire, Carey Mulligan, Joel Edgerton, Isla Fisher, Jason Clarke, and Elizabeth Debicki. Jay-Z served as executive producer. Filming took place from September to December 2011 in Australia, with a $105 million net production budget. The film follows the life and times of millionaire Jay Gatsby (DiCaprio) and his neighbor Nick Carraway (Maguire), who recounts his encounter with Gatsby at the height of the Roaring Twenties on Long Island in New York.
Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald was an American author of novels and short stories, whose works are the paradigmatic writings of the Jazz Age. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest American writers of the 20th century. Fitzgerald is considered a member of the "Lost Generation" of the 1920s. He finished four novels: This Side of Paradise, The Beautiful and Damned, The Great Gatsby, and Tender Is the Night. A fifth, unfinished novel, The Last Tycoon, was published posthumously. Fitzgerald also wrote many short stories that treat themes of youth and promise along with age and despair.
Affluenza is a 2014 American drama film directed by Kevin Asch and written by Antonio Macia. It is loosely based on The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald. The first leading role for Ben Rosenfield, it also stars Gregg Sulkin, Nicola Peltz and Grant Gustin.
"The Great Gatsby" is an American television play broadcast live on June 26, 1958, as part of the second season of the CBS television series Playhouse 90. David Shaw wrote the teleplay, adapted from the novel of the same name by F. Scott Fitzgerald. Franklin Schaffner directed. Jeanne Crain, Robert Ryan, and Rod Taylor starred, and Rod Serling was the host.
Z: A Novel of Zelda Fitzgerald is a 2013 biographical novel by Therese Fowler about Zelda Fitzgerald. It follows her through her marriage to F. Scott Fitzgerald, the pair's writing careers, their relationship to Ernest Hemingway, the upbringing of their daughter Frances Scott Fitzgerald and Zelda's declining mental health and death. It was adapted into a television series, Z: The Beginning of Everything, which aired in 2017 after a 2015 pilot episode.