All-trans-retinol 13,14-reductase | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Identifiers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Aliases | (13,14)-all-trans-retinol saturaseRetSatall-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol:acceptor 13,14-oxidoreductaseall-trans-retinol:all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol saturaseretinol saturase | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
External IDs | GeneCards: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Wikidata | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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all-trans-retinol 13,14-reductase | |||||||||
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Identifiers | |||||||||
EC no. | 1.3.99.23 | ||||||||
CAS no. | 418767-56-3 | ||||||||
Databases | |||||||||
IntEnz | IntEnz view | ||||||||
BRENDA | BRENDA entry | ||||||||
ExPASy | NiceZyme view | ||||||||
KEGG | KEGG entry | ||||||||
MetaCyc | metabolic pathway | ||||||||
PRIAM | profile | ||||||||
PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum | ||||||||
Gene Ontology | AmiGO / QuickGO | ||||||||
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In enzymology, an all-trans-retinol 13,14-reductase (EC 1.3.99.23) is an enzyme, encoded by the RETSAT gene, [1] [2] [3] that catalyzes the chemical reaction
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol and acceptor, whereas its two products are all-trans-retinol and reduced acceptor. Under physiological conditions the reaction proceeds in the opposite direction catalyzing the saturation of the 13-14 double bond of all-trans-retinol.
This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-CH group of donor with other acceptors. The systematic name of this enzyme class is all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol:acceptor 13,14-oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include retinol saturase, RetSat, (13,14)-all-trans-retinol saturase, and all-trans-retinol:all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol saturase.
The gene has also been called PPAR-alpha-regulated and starvation-induced gene protein. [4]
QDPR is a human gene that produces the enzyme quinoid dihydropteridine reductase. This enzyme is part of the pathway that recycles a substance called tetrahydrobiopterin, also known as BH4. Tetrahydrobiopterin works with an enzyme called phenylalanine hydroxylase to process a substance called phenylalanine. Phenylalanine is an amino acid that is obtained through the diet; it is found in all proteins and in some artificial sweeteners. When tetrahydrobiopterin interacts with phenylalanine hydroxylase, tetrahydrobiopterin is altered and must be recycled to a usable form. The regeneration of this substance is critical for the proper processing of several other amino acids in the body. Tetrahydrobiopterin also helps produce certain chemicals in the brain called neurotransmitters, which transmit signals between nerve cells.
In enzymology, a retinol dehydrogenase (RDH) (EC 1.1.1.105) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
Retinal pigment epithelium-specific 65 kDa protein, also known as retinoid isomerohydrolase, is an enzyme of the vertebrate visual cycle that is encoded in humans by the RPE65 gene. RPE65 is expressed in the retinal pigment epithelium and is responsible for the conversion of all-trans-retinyl esters to 11-cis-retinol during phototransduction. 11-cis-retinol is then used in visual pigment regeneration in photoreceptor cells. RPE65 belongs to the carotenoid oxygenase family of enzymes.
11-cis retinol dehydrogenase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RDH5 gene.
GPI transamidase component PIG-T is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PIGT gene.
Scavenger mRNA-decapping enzyme DcpS is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DCPS gene.
Retinol dehydrogenase 11 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RDH11 gene.
DNA primase large subunit is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PRIM2 gene.
Retinol dehydrogenase 12 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RDH12 gene.
Dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 1, also known as Short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 19C member 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DHRS1 gene located on chromosome 14.
Retinol dehydrogenase 14 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RDH14 gene.
Short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DHRS3 gene.
Dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 9 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DHRS9 gene.
Retinol dehydrogenase 8 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RDH8 gene.
Dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DHRS4 gene.
CYP27C1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CYP27C1 gene. The Enzyme Commission number (EC) for this protein is EC 1.14.19.53. The full accepted name is all-trans-retinol 3,4-desaturase and the EC number 1 classifies CYP27C1 as a oxidoreductase that acts on paired donor by reducing oxygen. It is also identifiable by the UniProt code Q4G0S4.
Lecithin retinol acyltransferase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the LRAT gene.
Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2, also known as ribonucleotide reductase small subunit, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RRM2 gene.
NADP-retinol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.300, all-trans retinal reductase, all-trans-retinol dehydrogenase, NADP(H)-dependent retinol dehydrogenase/reductase, RDH11, RDH12, RDH13, RDH14, retinol dehydrogenase 12, retinol dehydrogenase 14, retinol dehydrogenase (NADP+), RalR1, PSDR1) is an enzyme with systematic name retinol:NADP+ oxidoreductase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
Retinol dehydrogenase 13 (all-trans/9-cis) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RDH13 gene. This gene encodes a mitochondrial short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase, which catalyzes the reduction and oxidation of retinoids. The encoded enzyme may function in retinoic acid production and may also protect the mitochondria against oxidative stress. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described.