Antennaria plantaginifolia

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Antennaria plantaginifolia
Antennaria plantaginifolia - Plantain Leaf Pussytoes (female flower).jpg
Female (pistillate) flower
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Antennaria
Species:
A. plantaginifolia
Binomial name
Antennaria plantaginifolia
Synonyms [1]

Antennaria caroliniana Rydb. ex Small
Antennaria decipiens Greene
Antennaria denikeana B.Boivin
Antennaria nemoralis Greene
Antennaria petiolata Fernald
Antennaria pinetorum Greene
Antennaria plantaginea(L.) DC.
Disynanthus plantagineus(L.) Raf.
Gnaphalium disynanthus Raf.
Gnaphalium monocephalum Carp ex Torr. & A.Gray
Gnaphalium plantaginifolium L.

Contents

Antennaria plantaginifolia (known by the common names plantain leaf pussytoes and woman's tobacco) [2] is a perennial forb native to the eastern North America, [3] that produces cream colored composite flowers in spring.

Description

Botanical illustration of Antennaria plantaginifolia (1913) Antennaria plantaginifolia (L.) Richardson woman's tobacco.tiff
Botanical illustration of Antennaria plantaginifolia (1913)

Antennaria plantaginifolia is rarely more than 15 centimeters (5.9 in) tall, consisting of a basal rosette, and an erect stem which bears the inflorescence, a tight flat topped cluster of 4 to 17 fuzzy flower heads composed exclusively of disc flowers, with no ray flowers. The basal leaves are petiolate, oval to roundish, 3.5 to 7.5 centimeters (1.4 to 3.0 in) long and 1.5 to 3.5 centimeters (0.6 to 1.4 in) wide, with 3 to 7 prominent veins. The under side of the leaves is covered in thick silvery hair. Additional leaves along the stem are lanceolate and smaller. The fruit are cypselae with a pappus of white bristles.

Male (staminate) flower Antennaria plantaginifolia - Plantain Leaf Pussytoes (male flower).jpg
Male (staminate) flower

Antennaria plantaginifolia is dioecious, meaning that the male and female flowers are borne on separate plants. It often forms colonies, sometimes consisting entirely of male or female plants. It does so in part through vegetative reproduction. Stolons emerging from the basal rosette take root and develop into new plants. [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]

Distribution and habitat

Antennaria plantaginifolia is widely distributed in the eastern North America from Quebec and Nova Scotia west to Minnesota and south to Mississippi, Arkansas, and Florida, with isolated populations in eastern Texas and Saskatchewan. [9] [3] In Virginia, it grows in habitats including dry forests, barrens, and meadows. [10] The presence of this species is dependent on appropriate habitat, and it may be eliminated from an area by development, changes in land use, or competition with invasive species.

In North America, the plant was nominally called "Indian tobacco," as it was often chewed by children in place of real tobacco. [11]

Galls

This species is host to the following insect induced gall:

Asynapta antennariae gall Asphondylia antennariae 1.jpg
Asynapta antennariae gall

external link to gallformers

Related Research Articles

<i>Antennaria</i> Genus of flowering plants

Antennaria is a genus of dioecious perennial herbs in the family Asteraceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, with a few species in temperate southern South America; the highest species diversity is in North America. Common names include catsfoot or cat's-foot, pussytoes and everlasting.

<i>Antennaria alpina</i> Species of flowering plant

Antennaria alpina is a European and North American species of plant in the family Asteraceae. Antennaria alpina is native to mountainous and subarctic regions of Scandinavia, Greenland, Alaska, and the Canadian Arctic, extending south at high altitudes in mountains in the Rocky Mountains south to Montana and Wyoming.

<i>Antennaria dioica</i> Species of flowering plant

Antennaria dioica is a Eurasian and North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is a perennial herb found in cool northern and mountainous regions of Europe and northern Asia (Russia, Mongolia, Japan, Kazakhstan, China, and also in North America in Alaska only.

<i>Antennaria howellii</i> Species of flowering plant

Antennaria howellii is a North American species in the genus Antennaria within the family Asteraceae. It is native to northern Alaska, much of Canada including the Arctic territories, and the northern United States as far south as northern California, Colorado and North Carolina.

<i>Symphyotrichum laeve</i> Species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to central and eastern North America

Symphyotrichum laeve is a flowering plant native to Canada, the United States, and Coahuila (Mexico). It has the common names of smooth blue aster, smooth aster, smooth-leaved aster, glaucous Michaelmas-daisy and glaucous aster.

<i>Alisma lanceolatum</i> Species of plant

Alisma lanceolatum is a species of aquatic plant in the water plantain family known by the common names lanceleaf water plantain and narrow-leaved water plantain. It is widespread across Europe, North Africa and temperate Asia. It is naturalized in Australia, New Zealand, Oregon, California and British Columbia. It is considered a noxious weed in some places.

Antennaria argentea is a North American species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae known by the common name silver pussytoes or silvery everlasting. It is native primarily to Oregon and to northern and central California with additional populations in Nevada, Idaho, Montana, and Washington.

<i>Antennaria corymbosa</i> Species of flowering plant

Antennaria corymbosa is a North American species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae known by the common names flat-top pussytoes or meadow pussytoes. It is native to western Canada and the Western United States south as far as Tulare County in California and Rio Arriba County in New Mexico. It grows in moist, cool areas such as mountain meadows and riverbanks. Most of the populations are found in the Rocky Mountains, the Cascades, and the Sierra Nevada.

Antennaria geyeri is a North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name pinewoods pussytoes or mountain pussytoes. It is native to the western United States where it grows in woodland and scrub very often on the forest floor under pine trees. It is found in Washington, Oregon, northern California, and northwestern Nevada.

<i>Antennaria racemosa</i> Species of flowering plant

Antennaria racemosa is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name racemose pussytoes. It is native to western North America from British Columbia and Alberta south as far as northern California and Wyoming. It grows in mountain forests, generally in moist, partially shaded areas, and often colonizes bare patches of mineral-rich soil, including disturbed areas.

<i>Antennaria rosea</i> Species of flowering plant

Antennaria rosea is a North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name rosy pussytoes. Other common names include cat's foot and mountain everlasting. The second part of its scientific name, rosea, is Latin for pink. It is widespread across much of Canada including all three Arctic territories, as well as Greenland, the western and north-central United States, and the Mexican state of Baja California.

<i>Antennaria umbrinella</i> Species of flowering plant

Antennaria umbrinella is a North American species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae known by the common names umber pussytoes and brown pussytoes. It is native to southwestern Canada and the western United States as far south as Colorado, Coconino County in Arizona, and Tulare County in California). It grows in a variety of habitats at a variety of elevations, from lowland sagebrush steppe to subalpine meadows.

<i>Plantago rugelii</i> Species of flowering plant in the plantain family Plantaginaceae

Plantago rugelii is an edible species of flowering plant in the plantain family, Plantaginaceae. It is native to North America, where it occurs in eastern Canada and the central and eastern United States. Its common names include American plantain, blackseed plantain, pale plantain, and Rugel's plantain. The species name rugelii honors Ferdinand Ignatius Xavier Rugel (1806-1879), a German-born botanist and pharmacist.

<i>Antennaria parvifolia</i> Species of flowering plant

Antennaria parvifolia is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, known by the common names Nuttall's pussytoes and small-leaf pussytoes. It is native to western and central North America.

<i>Doellingeria infirma</i> Species of plant

Doellingeria infirma, the cornel-leaf whitetop or cornel-leaved aster, is a perennial forb native to the eastern United States, that produces white composite flowers in late summer.

<i>Uvularia perfoliata</i> Species of flowering plant

Uvularia perfoliata, the perfoliate bellwort, is a perennial forb native to the eastern United States and Canada, which produces pale yellow flowers in spring.

<i>Hasteola suaveolens</i> Species of flowering plant

Hasteola suaveolens, known by the common names false Indian plantain and sweet scented Indian plantain, is a perennial forb native to the northeastern and north-central United States. It is found from Massachusetts south to Virginia and North Carolina, and west as far as Minnesota and Minnesota and Missouri.

<i>Helianthus decapetalus</i> Species of sunflower

Helianthus decapetalus, known by the common names thinleaf sunflower and thin-leaved sunflower, is a perennial forb in the family Asteraceae. It is native to the Eastern and Central United States and Canada, from New Brunswick west to Iowa, Wisconsin, and Ontario, south as far as Georgia and Louisiana. It produces yellow composite flowers in late summer or early fall.

<i>Antennaria neglecta</i> Species of flowering plant

Antennaria neglecta is a North American species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae known by the common name field pussytoes. It is widespread across much of Canada as well as the northeastern and north-central United States.

Antennaria parlinii is a North American species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae known by the common name Parlin's pussytoes. It is widespread across eastern and central Canada and eastern and central United States, from Manitoba to Nova Scotia south as far as Texas and Georgia.

References

  1. "Antennaria plantaginifolia". The Global Compositae Checklist (GCC). Retrieved January 25, 2014 via The Plant List.
  2. Wildflowers of the United States, Plantain-leaf Pussytoes, Woman's Tobacco - Antennaria plantaginifolia
  3. 1 2 USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Antennaria plantaginifolia". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved February 5, 2014.
  4. "Antennaria plantaginifolia (plantain-leaved pussytoes)". Go Botany. New England Wildflower Society. Retrieved February 5, 2014.
  5. Britton, Nathaniel Lord & Brown, Addison (1913). An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions: From Newfoundland to the Parallel of the Southern Boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean Westward to the 102d Meridian, Volume 3., p. 451. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.
  6. "Plantain-leaved Pussytoes (Antennaria plantaginifolia)" . Retrieved February 5, 2014. © 2005 Connecticut Botanical Society. (http://www.ct-botanical-society.org)
  7. Bayer, Randall J. (2006). "Antennaria plantaginifolia". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 19. New York and Oxford. Retrieved February 5, 2014 via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  8. Hilty, John (2020). "Plantain-Leaved Pussytoes (Antennaria plantaginifolia)". Illinois Wildflowers. Retrieved February 5, 2014.
  9. "Antennaria plantaginifolia". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
  10. "Digital Atlas of the Virginia Flora |Antennaria plantaginifolia (L.) Richards" . Retrieved January 25, 2014. Virginia Botanical Associates. (2014). Digital Atlas of the Virginia Flora (http://www.vaplantatlas.org). c/o Virginia Botanical Associates, Blacksburg.
  11. Bergen, Fanny D. (1892). "Popular American Plant-Names". The Journal of American Folklore. American Folklore Society. 5 (17): 89–106. doi:10.2307/533542. JSTOR   533542.