Astreptolabis

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Astreptolabis
Temporal range: Earliest Cenomanian 99  Ma
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Astreptolabis ethirosomatia holotype ZooKeys-130-137-g001.jpg
Astreptolabis ethirosomatia
Astreptolabis laevis fig1 A.jpg
Astreptolabis laevis holotype
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Dermaptera
Family: Pygidicranidae
Subfamily:† Astreptolabidinae
Genus:† Astreptolabis
Engel, 2011
Species
  • Astreptolabis ethirosomatiaEngel, 2011
  • Astreptolabis laevisMao et al, 2020

Astreptolabis is an extinct genus of earwig in the Dermaptera family Pygidicranidae known from a group of Cretaceous fossils found in Myanmar. The genus contains two described species, Astreptolabis ethirosomatia and Astreptolabis laevis and is the sole member of the subfamily Astreptolabidinae. [1]

Contents

History and classification

Astreptolabis ethirosomatia is known only from a single fossil, the holotype, specimen number AMNH Bu-FB20, which is housed in the Amber Fossil Collection of the American Museum of Natural History in New York City. The specimen is composed of a fully complete adult female earwig which has been preserved as an inclusion in a transparent chunk of Burmese amber. [1] The age of the amber deposits in Kachin State of northernmost Burma are understood to be about 100 million years old, placing them in the earliest part of the Cenomanian stage of the Cretaceous. [2] The Astreptolabisethirosomatia holotype was recovered from outcrops near the city of Myitkyina in Kachin State and was first studied by paleoentomologist Michael S. Engel of the Division of Entomology at the University of Kansas in Lawrence, Kansas. [1] Engel's 2011 type description of the new species was published in the online journal ZooKeys . [1] The genus name Astreptolabis was coined by Engel as a combination of Greek words astreptos, which means "not curved" and labis, which means "forceps". This is in reference to the distinct structuring of the type specimens cerci or "pincers". The specific epithet ethirosomatia is from the Greek words etheira, meaning "hairy" and somation, the diminutive of the Greek word for "body". The subfamily name Astreptolabidinae is derived from the genus name with the suffix -inae added. [1] In 2020 a second species. A. laevis was described. [3]

Several other earwing species have been found in Burmese amber. One other species Tytthodiplatys mecynocercus was described by Engel in the same 2011 paper, while Burmapygia resinata was described by Engel and David Grimaldi in 2004, with a fourth species Myrrholabia electrina first described by Theodore Cockerell in 1920. [1] An additional fifth and sixth species Zigrasolabis speciosa and Toxolabis zigrasi were described by Engel and Grimaldi in 2014 paper. [4]

Description

A. laevis paratype Astreptolabis laevis fig3 A.jpg
A. laevis paratype

The holotype specimen of Astreptolabis ethirosomatia is a complete adult female with an overall coloration that appears to be mat brown to dark brown. The female is approximately 3.5 millimetres (0.14 in) in length when the cerci are included. The body is overall densely covered in setae that are not thickened enough to be chaetulose. The antennae have a stout scape and are at least fourteen flagellomeres long. As is typical with earwigs, the forewings have been modified into tegma. The tegma cover the four first segments of the abdomen and the abdomen comprises eight visible segments, also typical for female earwigs. The hind wings are present, but due to positioning of the tegma, are mostly obscured. The slender cerci are tubular and straight, tapering along the length to sharp points at the ends. [1] A. laevis is known from a holotype male, it is distinguished from A. ethirosomatia by more sparse setation on the head, pronotum, and tegmina, larger compound eyes and absence of ocular setae. [3]

Related Research Articles

Pygidicranidae Family of earwigs

Pygidicranidae is a family of earwigs, formerly placed in the suborder Forficulina, now in the suborder Neodermaptera. The family currently contains twelve subfamilies and twenty six genera. Eight of the subfamilies are monotypic, each containing a single genus. Of the subfamilies, both Astreptolabidinae and Burmapygiinae are extinct and known solely from fossils found in Burmese amber. Similarly Archaeosoma, Gallinympha, and Geosoma, which have not been placed into any of the subfamilies, are also known only from fossils. Living members of the family are found in Australia, South Africa, North America, and Asia. The monotypic genus Anataelia, described by Ignacio Bolivar in 1899, is found only on the Canary Islands. As with all members of Neodermaptera, pygidicranids do not have any ocelli. The typical pygidicranid bodyplan includes a small, flattened-looking body, which has a dense covering of bristly hairs (setae). The pair of cerci at the end of the abdomen are symmetrical in structure. The head is broad, with the fourth, fifth and sixth antenna segments (antennomeres) that are not transverse. In general Pygidicranids also have equally sized ventral cervical sclerites, and in having the rearmost sclerite separated from, or only touching the center of the prosternum. Cannibalism of young has been observed in at least one species in the family, Challia hongkongensis, in which an adult female was found eating a still-living nymph of the same species. The same species in a different area has been observed possibly eating fruits or seeds, making the species an omnivore.

Stephanidae Family of wasps

The Stephanidae, sometimes called crown wasps, are a family of parasitoid wasps placed in the superfamily Stephanoidea, which has at least 345 living species in 11 genera. The family is considered cosmopolitan in distribution, with the highest species concentrations in subtropical and moderate climate zones. Stephanidae also contain four extinct genera described from both compression fossils and inclusions in amber.

Diplatyidae Family of earwigs

Diplatyidae is a family of earwigs in the suborder Neodermaptera. It contains only one subfamily, Diplatyinae, which contains six genera, five modern and one extinct known from fossils. The genus Tytthodiplatys was described in 2011 from a fossil found in Burmese amber which dates to the Albian age of the Cretaceous. It was not placed into the subfamily Diplatyinae, and is the oldest confirmed member of the family.

<i>Myanmymar</i> Extinct genus of wasps

Myanmymar is an extinct genus of fairyfly preserved in Burmese amber from Myanmar. It has only one species, Myanmymar aresconoides. It is dated to the earliest part of the Cenomanian stage of the Late Cretaceous, around 99 million years old. As of 2011, it is the oldest known fossil mymarid.

<i>Plumalexius</i> Extinct genus of insects

Plumalexius is a genus of wasps in the extinct monotypic family Plumalexiidae, containing two species: the type species Plumalexius rasnitsyni, known from the Late Cretaceous White Oaks Pit in Sayreville, New Jersey, and Plumalexius ohmkuhnlei, known from the Cretaceous Burmese amber.

<i>Necroraphidia</i> Extinct genus of insects

Necroraphidia is an extinct genus of snakefly in the family Mesoraphidiidae. The genus is solely known from Early Cretaceous, Albian age, fossil amber found in Spain. Currently the genus comprises a single species, Necroraphidia arcuata.

<i>Alavaraphidia</i> Genus of insects

Alavaraphidia is an extinct genus of snakefly in the family Mesoraphidiidae. The genus is solely known from an Early Cretaceous, Albian age, fossil amber found in Spain. Currently, the genus comprises a single species, Alavaraphidia imperterrita.

<i>Tytthodiplatys</i> Extinct genus of earwigs

Tytthodiplatys is an extinct genus of earwig in the family Diplatyidae known from a Cretaceous fossil found in Myanmar. The genus contains a single described species, Tytthodiplatys mecynocercus.

<i>Prostylotermes</i> Extinct genus of termites

Prostylotermes is an extinct genus of termite in the isopteran family Stylotermitidae known from two Eocene fossils found in India. The genus contains a single described species, Prostylotermes kamboja.

Zophotermes is an extinct genus of termite in the Isoptera family Rhinotermitidae known from two Eocene fossils found in India. The genus contains a single described species, Zophotermes ashoki placed in the subfamily Prorhinotermitinae.

<i>Nanotermes</i> Extinct genus of termites

Nanotermes is an extinct genus of termites in the Isoptera family Termitidae known from only one Eocene fossil found in amber of the Cambay Basin. The genus contains a single described species, Nanotermes isaacae placed tentatively in the subfamily Termitinae.

Termitaradus avitinquilinus is an extinct species of termite bug in the family Termitaphididae known from several possibly Miocene fossils found in the Dominican Republic. T. avitinquilinus is the first species in the genus Termitaradus to have been described from fossils found in Dominican amber and is one of four species from New World amber, the others being Termitaradus protera, Termitaradus dominicanus and Termitaradus mitnicki.

Zigrasolabis is an extinct genus of earwig in the family Labiduridae known from Cretaceous fossils found in Myanmar. The genus contains a single described species, Zigrasolabis speciosa.

Toxolabis is an extinct genus of earwig in the dermapteran family Anisolabididae known from a Cretaceous fossil found in Burma. The genus contains a single described species, Toxolabis zigrasi.

<i>Myanmyrma</i> Extinct genus of ants

Myanmyrma is an extinct genus of ants not placed into any Formicidae subfamily. Fossils of the single known species, Myanmyrma gracilis, are known from the Middle Cretaceous of Asia. The genus is one of several ants described from Middle Cretaceous ambers of Myanmar.

Cananeuretus is an extinct genus of ant in the Formicidae subfamily Aneuretinae, and is one of two Cretaceous genera of the subfamily. The genus contains a single described species Cananeuretus occidentalis and is known from one Late Cretaceous fossil which has been found in North America.

<i>Camelomecia</i> Extinct genus of ants

Camelomecia is an extinct genus of stem-group ants not placed into any Formicidae subfamily. Fossils of the single known species, Camelomecia janovitzi, are known from the Middle Cretaceous of Asia. The genus is one of several ants described from Middle Cretaceous ambers of Myanmar.

This list of fossil arthropods described in 2012 is a list of new taxa of trilobites, fossil insects, crustaceans, arachnids and other fossil arthropods of every kind that have been described during the year 2012. The list only includes taxa at the level of genus or species.

<i>Burmanopetalum</i> Extinct genus of millipedes

Burmanopetalum is an extinct genus of millipede containing the single species Burmanopetalum inexpectatum from the Cretaceous of Myanmar. It is a member of the order Callipodida and is the only member of the suborder Burmanopetalidea and family Burmanopetalidae.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Engel, M.S. (2011). "New earwigs in mid-Cretaceous amber from Myanmar (Dermaptera, Neodermaptera)". ZooKeys (130): 137–152. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.130.1293 . PMC   3260755 . PMID   22259272.
  2. ↑ Poinar Jr, G.; Huber, J.T. (2011). "A new genus of fossil Mymaridae (Hymenoptera) from Cretaceous amber and key to Cretaceous mymarid genera". ZooKeys (130): 461–472. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.130.1241 . PMC   3260775 . PMID   22259293.
  3. 1 2 Mao, Y.; Engel, M. S.; Ren, D.; Gao, T. (2020). "A new species of Astreptolabis in mid-Cretaceous amber from northern Myanmar, with the discovery of the first male of Astreptolabidinae (Dermaptera)". ZooKeys (911): 101–112. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.911.38845 . ISSN   1313-2970. PMC   7031395 . PMID   32104140.
  4. ↑ Engel, MS; Grimaldi, D (2014). "New mid-Cretaceous earwigs in amber from Myanmar (Dermaptera)". Novitates Paleoentomologicae. 6: 1–16.
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