Bactra venosana

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Bactra venosana
Die palaearktischen tortriciden TafelXVIII.jpg
Bactra venosana in Kennel Die palaearktischen tortriciden figure 73, male
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Tortricidae
Genus: Bactra
Species:
B. venosana
Binomial name
Bactra venosana
(Zeller, 1847)
Synonyms
  • Phoxopteris venosanaZeller, 1847
  • Aphelia venosanaHerrich-Schäffer, 1849
  • Bactra banosiiGozmny, 1960
  • Bactra geraropaMeyrick, 1931
  • Bactra scythropaMeyrick, 1911
  • Bactra truculentaMeyrick, 1909

Bactra venosana, the nutgrass borer or nutsedge borer, is a moth of the family Tortricidae. [1] It was first described by Philipp Christoph Zeller in 1847. Julius von Kennel provides a full description. [2] It has a wide distribution, from southern Europe, North Africa and Asia Minor to India, Sri Lanka, southern China, Malaya, Australia and into the Pacific where it is found on Java, Borneo, the Philippines, Taiwan, Timor, the Solomons, the Carolines and Fiji. It was introduced to Hawaii in 1925 to control nutsedge. It is now found on Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Maui, Lanai and Hawaii.

Contents

Biology

The larvae feed on Cyperus rotundus [3] and Kyllinga species, including Kyllinga brevifolia and Kyllinga monocephala . They bore the stem of their host plant.

Affected plants first show a withering of the inner leaves, which become yellow and finally die. Early instars are pale, glassy yellowish, with a shining black head. Full-grown caterpillars are green or pale yellowish. They spin a tube of silk in the stem and in this cocoon sheds its skin to turn into a pupa of about 5–7 mm long. Adults have grayish forewings with complex brown markings. Hindwings plain grayish. [4]

Control

Mechanical methods such as hand picking of adults and caterpillars are effective. Pheromone traps and light traps are also effective. Eggs can be destroyed biologically by using the egg parasitoid Trichogrammatoidea bactrae . [5]

Related Research Articles

<i>Cyperus rotundus</i> Species of plant

Cyperus rotundus is a species of sedge (Cyperaceae) native to Africa, southern and central Europe, and southern Asia. The word cyperus derives from the Greek κύπερος, kyperos, and rotundus is from Latin, meaning "round". The earliest attested form of the word cyperus is the Mycenaean Greek 𐀓𐀞𐀫, ku-pa-ro, written in Linear B syllabic script.

<i>Mocis frugalis</i> Species of moth

Mocis frugalis, the sugarcane looper, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1775. It is found in several parts of the world, including India, Sri Lanka, West African countries and other Oriental regions. The adult is a fruit piercer and a major pest of crops.

<i>Achaea janata</i> Species of moth

Achaea janata, the castor semi-looper or croton caterpillar, is an erebid moth, the caterpillars of which are termed 'semi-loopers' due to their mode of locomotion. It is found from the Indo-Australian tropics and subtropics, extending south to New Zealand and east through the Pacific archipelagoes to Easter Island. It is a major pest of castor throughout the world.

<i>Agapeta zoegana</i> Species of moth

Agapeta zoegana is a species of moth known as the sulphur knapweed moth and the yellow-winged knapweed root moth. It is used as an agent of biological pest control against noxious knapweeds, particularly spotted knapweed and diffuse knapweed.

<i>Acleris variegana</i> Species of moth

Acleris variegana, the garden rose tortricid moth or fruit tortricid, is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It has a Palearctic distribution. The moth flies from July to September mainly at night and is attracted to bright lights. The larvae feed on various trees and shrubs including rose and apple.

<i>Archips xylosteana</i> Species of moth

Archips xylosteana, the variegated golden tortrix or brown oak tortrix, is a moth of the family Tortricidae.

<i>Crocidosema plebejana</i> Species of moth

Crocidosema plebejana, the cotton tipworm, is a tortrix moth, belonging to tribe Eucosmini of subfamily Olethreutinae. It is found today all over the subtropical and tropical regions of the world and even occurs on many oceanic islands – in Polynesia and Saint Helena for example – but has probably been accidentally introduced to much of its current range by humans. In addition, it is also found in some cooler regions, e.g. in Europe except in the east and north; this is probably also not natural, as it was, for example, not recorded in the British Isles before 1900.

<i>Bactra</i> (moth) Genus of tortrix moths

Bactra is a genus of moths belonging to the subfamily Olethreutinae of the family Tortricidae.

<i>Cryptophlebia ombrodelta</i> Species of moth

Cryptophlebia ombrodelta, the litchi fruit moth or macadamia nut borer, is a moth of the family Tortricidae. The species was first described by Oswald Bertram Lower in 1898. It is native to India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Indonesia, China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Thailand, western Malaysia, New Guinea, the Philippines, Japan, Guam, the Caroline Islands, Australia and has been introduced to Hawaii.

<i>Chilo suppressalis</i> Species of moth

Chilo suppressalis, the Asiatic rice borer or striped rice stemborer, is a moth of the family Crambidae. It is a widespread species, known from Iran, India, Sri Lanka, China, eastern Asia, Japan, Taiwan, Malaysia to the Pacific.

<i>Busseola fusca</i> Species of moth

Busseola fusca is a species of moth that is also known as the maize stalk borer. It is known from Ethiopia.

<i>Apotomis betuletana</i> Species of moth

Apotomis betuletana is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in most of Europe. It is also found in the eastern part of the Palearctic realm. The habitat consists of woods and woodland margins where birch occurs.

<i>Maliarpha separatella</i> Species of moth

Maliarpha separatella, the African white stemborer, is a species of moth of the family Pyralidae. A worldwide paddy pest, it is found throughout African countries of Cameroon, Mali, Réunion, Madagascar, South Africa, and many Asian paddy cultivating countries such as Myanmar, India, and Sri Lanka. Though they are reported from China and Papua New Guinea, they are also known to attack sugarcane.

<i>Sesamia inferens</i> Species of moth

Sesamia inferens, the Asiatic pink stem borer, gramineous stem borer, pink borer, pink rice borer, pink rice stem borer, pink stem borer, purple borer, purple stem borer or purplish stem borer, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Francis Walker in 1856. It is found from Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar to Japan and the Solomon Islands. A polyphagous species, it is a major pest in many crops worldwide.

<i>Homona coffearia</i> Species of moth

Homona coffearia, the tea tortrix or camellia tortrix, is a moth of the family Tortricidae. The species was first described by Nietner in 1861. It is widely distributed in the Oriental region.

<i>Cochylis pallidana</i> Species of moth

Cochylis pallidana, the sheep's-bit conch, is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It was described by Zeller in 1847.

Chilo infuscatellus, the yellow top borer or sugarcane shoot borer, is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by the Dutch entomologist Samuel Constantinus Snellen van Vollenhoven in 1890. It is found in India, Myanmar, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Korea, Taiwan, Malaysia, the Philippines and on Java and Timor.

Saluria inficita, the white stem borer, is a moth of the family Pyralidae. The species was first described by Francis Walker in 1863. It is found in India and Sri Lanka.

<i>Chlumetia transversa</i> Species of moth

Chlumetia transversa, the mango shoot borer, is a moth of the family Euteliidae. The species was first described by Francis Walker in 1863. It is a widely distributed across Indo-Australian tropical countries far east to Solomon Islands.

<i>Bactra robustana</i> Species of moth

Bactra robustana is a moth belonging to the family Tortricidae. The species was first described by Hugo Theodor Christoph in 1872.

References

  1. "Species Details: Bactra venosana Zeller, 1847". Catalogue of Life. Retrieved 29 July 2018.
  2. Julius von Kennel, 1921, The Palaearktischen Tortriciden, eine monographische Darstellung. Stuttgart: E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung. 742 pp. - Palaearctic Tortricidae, a monograph.pdf at Zobodat 472
  3. Diakonoff, A. (1982). "On a Collection of Some Families of Micro-Lepidoptera from Sri Lanka (Ceylon)". Zoologische Verhandelingen. 193: 1–124 via Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
  4. Herbison-Evans, Don & Crossley, Stella. "Bactra venosana (Zeller, 1847) Nutgrass Borer". Australian Caterpillars and their Butterflies and Moths. Retrieved 16 October 2018.
  5. Visalakshy, P. N. Ganga; Jayanth, K. P. (1995). "Suppression of Bactra venosana, a potential natural enemy of Cyperus rotundus, by Trichogrammatoidea bactrae in Bangalore, India". Phytoparasitica. 23 (4): 355–356. doi:10.1007/BF02981429. S2CID   38458727.