Bhairav (raga)

Last updated

Bhairav
Brooklyn Museum - Bhairava Raga Page from a Ragamala Series.jpg
Thaat Bhairav [1]
Type Sampurna [1]
Time of dayDaybreak; [2] Beginning of concerts (Sunrise) [1]
Arohana Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Dha Ni Sa' [1]
Avarohana Sa' Ni Dha Pa Ma Ga Re Sa [1]
Pakad Ga Ma DhaDha Pa, Ga Ma ReRe Sa
Chalan Sa Ga Ma Pa DhaDha Pa Ma Ga Ma Re Sa
Vadi Dha [1]
Samavadi Re [1]
Equivalent
Similar

Bhairav is a Hindustani classical raga of Bhairav thaat. It is a sampurna raga that is traditionally performed in the morning and also as the beginning piece in concerts. It is the defining raga of its own Thaat.

Contents

Raga Kalingda in Hindustani and Ragam Mayamalavagowla in Carnatic music have the same scale as Raga Bhairav, although the moods they create can be quite different due to the way they are expounded.

According to Indian classical vocalist Pandit Jasraj, Bhairav is a "morning raga, and solemn peacefulness is its ideal mood." It is grave in mood and suggests seriousness, introversion and devotional attitude. [3]

History

Bhairav raga is an ancient raga that is considered to be extremely old and originated many centuries ago. The origin of Bhairav raga is disputed. According to some musicians, Bhairav raga was the first raga that originated from the mouth of Lord Shiva. While some musicians argue that Bhairav raga originated from the mouth of Lord Surya. This is why it was sung in the daytime. Bhairava is one of the names of Shiva especially in his powerful form as a naked ascetic with matted locks and body smeared with ashes. The ragas too have some of these masculine and ascetic attributes in their form and compositions.

The Bhairav raga itself is extremely vast and allows a huge number of note combinations and a great range of emotional qualities from valor to peace. There are many variations based on it including (but not restricted to) Ahir Bhairav, Alam Bhairav, Anand Bhairav, Bairagi Bhairav, Mohini Bhairav Beehad Bhairav, Bhavmat Bhairav, Devata Bhairav, Gauri Bhairav, Hijaz Bhairav, Shivmat Bhairav, Nat Bhairav, Bibhas, Ramkali, Gunkali, Zeelaf, Jogiya (raga), Saurashtra Bhairav, Bangal Bhairav, Komal Bhairav, Mangal Bhairav, Kaushi Bhairav, Bhatiyari Bhairav, Beehad Bhairav, Virat Bhairav, Kabiri Bhairav, Prabhat Bhairav, Roopkali, Bakula Bhairav, Hussaini Bhairav, Kalingda, Devaranjani, Asa Bhairav, Jaun Bhairav, and Bhairav.

Theory

Bhairav is grave in mood and suggests seriousness, introversion as well as devotional attitude. It shares its notes with Ahir Bhairav which has a sombre temperament.

Arohana  : Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Dha Ni Sa'

Avarohana  : Sa' Ni Dha Pa Ma Ga Re Sa

Vadi  : Dha

Samavadi  : Re

Pakad  : Ga Ma DhaDha Pa, Ga Ma ReRe Sa

Chalan  : Sa Ga Ma Pa DhaDha Pa Ma Ga Ma Re Sa

Organisation and relationships

Related ragas:


Behaviour

The performance for this raga is solemnly serious. The raga comes across as a musical entity with mood of meditation, philosophical depth, and emotional richness.

Samay (time)

Bhairav is an early morning (pratham prahar) raag.

Seasonality

Bhairav is one of few ragas that can be sung in any season.

Rasa

Bhairav is typically performed with a peaceful, serious, and serene mood. In classical Hindustani language, its rasa is "Shaant aur Gambhir".

Film songs

Bhairav is a popular raga for film songs. Here are some film songs based on Bhairav:

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gauri (raga)</span>

Gauri is an India musical raga that appears in the Sikh tradition from northern India and is part of the Sikh holy scripture called Sri Guru Granth Sahib. Every raga has a strict set of rules which govern the number of notes that can be used; which notes can be used; and their interplay that has to be adhered to for the composition of a tune. there are Gouris of the Bhairav, Poorvi and Marwa thats with additional qualifiers such as the Shree-anga Gouri, Bhairav-anga Gouri, Poorvi-anga Gouri and so on. These are not considered ‘big’ ragas.

Raga Ramkali is an early morning raga in Hindustani classical music which belongs to Bhairav Thaat. In this raga, as in Bhairav, Rishabh and Dhaivat are Komal(flat), but the Teevra and the flat nishad are added. The vadi-samvadi are Pancham and Shadja. The aroha is S r G M P, G M d N S' and the avroha is S' N d P m P, d (N)d P, G M r S. Flat nishad and sharp madhyama are used often.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bilaval</span> Hindustani raga

Bilaval or Bilawal is a raga and the basis for the eponymous thaat in Hindustani classical music. Raga Bilaval is named after Veraval, Gujarat.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bhairavi (Hindustani)</span> Hindustani raga

Bhairavi is a Hindustani Classical heptatonic (Sampurna) raga of Bhairavi thaat. In Western musical terms, raga Bhairavi employs the notes of the Phrygian mode, one of the traditional European church modes.

Ahir Bhairav is a Hindustani classical raga. It is a mixture of Bhairav and the ancient, rare raga Ahiri or Abhiri, or perhaps a mixture of Bhairav and Kafi.

Bibhas is a Hindustani classical raga.

Raga Bihag is a Hindustani classical raga belonging to the Bilawal thaat. It is a melodious Raga for beginners as well as experts. Raga Bihag uses all seven music swars. In Bihag, both the Madhyams are used. The Shuddha Madhyam is more prominent; TeevraMadhyama is only used with Panchama in the phrase PA MA' GA MA GA.

Brindavani Sarang or Brindabani Sarang, also known as raga Sarang, is a Hindustani classical raga. It is also called Vridavani Sarang. This raga falls under the category of Sarang ragas.

'Madhukali' is a Hindustani classical raga.

Zeelaf or Zilaf is a raga in Hindustani classical music. It is a pentatonic melody is composed of the following svaras : Sa Ga Ma Pa Dha. It is performed very rarely. Zeelaf also employs the subtle GM -> S meend. It is from the Asavari Thaat. But it is played in the Bhairav aang also. Zeelaf has been used by Qawwals and Khayals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hindol</span> Hindustani classical raga

Hindol is a Hindustani classical raga from the Kalyan Thaat.

Multani is a Hindustani classical raga. The newer raga Madhuvanti was inspired by Multani. Multani belongs to Todi Thaat. It is generally sung in the third prahar of the day, that is, around 1 PM to 4 PM.

Jogiya, or Jogia, is a raga in Hindustani classical music. It is based on Bhairav Thaat. It is played at the 1st Prahar of the day, dawn time. The name Jogiya came from Jogi, a colloquial version of the word yogi.

Nat Bhairav is a Hindustani classical heptatonic (Sampurna) raga of Bhairav Thaat. Traditionally it is a morning raga. It is one of the most important ragas of the Bhairav anga.

Bhairav is one of the ten basic thaats of Hindustani music from the Indian subcontinent. It is also the name of a raga within this thaat. But there is no connection in the similarity between in the names of the thaat and the raga.

Rishabh is the second svara out of the seven svaras of Hindustani music and Carnatic music. Rishabh is the long form of the syllable रे for simplicity while singing the syllable. Rishabh is pronounced as Re and Ri. It is also called as ऋषभ in the Devanagri script.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dhaivat</span>

Dhaivat is the sixth svara from the seven svaras of Hindustani music and Carnatic music. Dhaivat is the long form of the syllable ध. For simplicity in pronouncing while singing the syllable, Dhaivat is pronounced as Dha. It is also called as धैवत in the Devanagri script.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nishad (svara)</span>

Nishad is the seventh svara from the seven svaras of Hindustani music and Carnatic music. Nishad is the long form of the syllable नी. For simplicity in pronouncing while singing the syllable, Nishad is pronounced as Ni. It is also called as निषाद in the Devanagri script.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Madhyam</span>

Madhyam is the fourth svara from the seven svaras of Hindustani music and Carnatic music. This article is written from the Hindustani perspective. Madhyam is the long form of the syllable म. For simplicity in pronouncing while singing the syllable, Madhyam is pronounced as Ma. It is also called as मध्यम in the Devanagri script.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Raag Bhairav – Hindustani Classical Music – Tanarang.com". tanarang.com.
  2. Bor & Rao 1999.
  3. "Indian classical music: Different kinds of ragas". The Times of India. 29 September 2016. Retrieved 10 May 2021.

Sources