Black Creek Canal orthohantavirus

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Black Creek Canal orthohantavirus
Virus classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Orthornavirae
Phylum: Negarnaviricota
Class: Ellioviricetes
Order: Bunyavirales
Family: Hantaviridae
Genus: Orthohantavirus
Species:
Black Creek Canal orthohantavirus
Synonyms [1]
  • Black Creek Canal hantavirus
  • Black Creek Canal virus

Black Creek Canal orthohantavirus (BCCV) is a single-stranded, negative sense RNA virus species of New World Orthohantavirus . It was first isolated in cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) found in the Black Creek Canal area of Dade County, Florida in 1995. The discovery followed from an isolated case of Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome diagnosed in a Dade County resident. [2] [3] [4] [5]

Contents

Natural reservoir

While several species are responsible for Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever syndrome (HFS) and Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS), each species of hantavirus is unique to a single reservoir. This makes host evolution and geography important factors in understanding transmission and prevention of spread of disease to humans. [6]

Transmission

BCCV, like other species of hantavirus, is transmitted via droplet respiration when rodent excreta becomes aerosolized. The greater the concentration of rodent excreta, as occurs in seasonal use structures such as sheds, vacation cabins, and camp grounds, the greater the likelihood of transmission and infection. [7]

The Dade County patient is thought to have contracted the previously undocumented BCCV in the seven weeks prior to his hospitalization. The 33-year-old man resided in a semirural area of southern Dade County. The residence was surrounded by grassy fields observed to have active rodent populations of several species. The patient reported observing rodents in both his home and the fields immediately surrounding the residence. [8]

Case Study Dade County

A patient was hospitalized in October 1993 with sepsis, acute kidney injury, acute rhabdomyolysis, and suspected disseminated intravascular coagulation: an overactivity of clotting proteins that can lead to eventual hemorrhage as the proteins are degraded. [8] [9] Self-reported history of illness included a four-day prodrome of fever, malaise, vomiting, muscle aches, chills, and abdominal pain. By the third day of illness, the patient's fever had reached 102 °F (39 °C), blood pressure acutely narrow and hypotensive (74/50 mmHg), elevated breathing rate (24 breaths/min), and exhibited abnormal hematological and chemical profiles. Patient went on to develop acute kidney failure along with pulmonary edema, alveolar edema with small pleural effusions, and resulting severe hypoxia. He was treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics as well as supplemental fluids and oxygen. Patient was intubated for a 12-day period and given vasopressor treatment for three days following continued and severe hypotension. Twelve days after admission patient showed extreme improvement in airway management. Peripheral edema spontaneously diuresed. Patient removed from ventilation and discharged 5 days post-extubation in good condition. [8]

See also

Related Research Articles

<i>Orthohantavirus</i> Genus of viruses

Orthohantavirus is a genus of single-stranded, enveloped, negative-sense RNA viruses in the family Hantaviridae within the order Bunyavirales. Members of this genus may be called orthohantaviruses or simply hantaviruses.

<i>Sin Nombre orthohantavirus</i> Prototypical agent of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome

Sin Nombre orthohantavirus (SNV), a member of the genus Orthohantavirus, is the prototypical etiologic agent of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS).

Seoul orthohantavirus (SEOV) is a member of the genus Orthohantavirus of rodent-borne viruses, and is one of the four hantaviruses that are known to cause Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). It is an Old World hantavirus; a negative sense, single-stranded, tri-segmented RNA virus.

<i>Andes orthohantavirus</i> Species of virus

Andes orthohantavirus (ANDV), a species of Orthohantavirus, is a major causative agent of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in South America. It is named for the Andes mountains of Chile and Argentina, where it was first discovered. Originating in the reservoir of rodents, Andes orthohantavirus is easily transmitted to humans who come into contact with infected rodents or their fecal droppings. However, infected rodents do not appear ill, so there is no readily apparent indicator to determine whether the rodent is infected or not. Additionally, Andes orthohantavirus, specifically, is the only hantavirus that can be spread by human to human contact via bodily fluids or long-term contact from one infected individual to a healthy person.

Playa de Oro virus (OROV) is a probable species of orthohantavirus found in the rodents Oryzomys couesi and Sigmodon mascotensis in the Mexican state of Colima. The former is thought to be the main host. The sequences of parts of the virus's RNA-based genome have been determined; they differ by 7–10% in amino acid composition and 22–24% in nucleotide composition from closely related viruses.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1993 Four Corners hantavirus outbreak</span> 1993 disease outbreak

The 1993 Four Corners hantavirus outbreak was an outbreak of hantavirus that caused the first known human cases of hantavirus disease in the United States. It occurred within the Four Corners region – the geographic intersection of the U.S. states of Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona – of the Southwestern United States in mid-1993. This region is largely occupied by Native American tribal lands, including the Hopi, Ute, Zuni, and Navajo reservations, from which many of the cases were reported.

Sangassou orthohantavirus(SANGV) is single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus species of the genus Orthohantavirus in the Bunyavirales order. It was first isolated in an African wood mouse (Hylomyscus simus) in the forest in Guinea, West Africa in 2010. It is named for the village near where the mouse was trapped. It is the first indigenous Murinae-associated African hantavirus to be discovered.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome</span> Group of clinically similar illnesses caused by species of hantaviruses

Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a group of clinically similar illnesses caused by species of hantaviruses. It is also known as Korean hemorrhagic fever and epidemic hemorrhagic fever. It is found in Europe, Asia, and Africa. The species that cause HFRS include Hantaan orthohantavirus, Dobrava-Belgrade orthohantavirus, Saaremaa virus, Seoul orthohantavirus, Puumala orthohantavirus and other orthohantaviruses. Of these species, Hantaan River virus and Dobrava-Belgrade virus cause the most severe form of the syndrome and have the highest morbidity rates. When caused by the Puumala virus, it is also called nephropathia epidemica. This infection is known as sorkfeber in Swedish, myyräkuume in Finnish, and musepest in Norwegian.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome</span> Viral pulmonary disease of humans

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is one of two potentially fatal syndromes of zoonotic origin caused by species of hantavirus. These include Black Creek Canal virus (BCCV), New York orthohantavirus (NYV), Monongahela virus (MGLV), Sin Nombre orthohantavirus (SNV), and certain other members of hantavirus genera that are native to the United States and Canada.

Soochong virus (SOOV) is a zoonotic negative sense single-stranded RNA virus. It may be a member of the genus Orthohantavirus, but it has not be definitively classified as a species and may only be a strain. It is one of four rodent-borne Hantaviruses found in the Republic of Korea. It is the etiologic agent for Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). The other species responsible for HFRS in Korea are Seoul virus, Haantan virus, and Muju virus.

Muju virus(MUV) is a zoonotic negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus of the genus Orthohantavirus. It is a member virus of Puumala orthohantavirus. It is one of four rodent-borne Hantaviruses found in the Republic of Korea. It is the etiologic agent for Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). The other species responsible for HFRS in Korea are Seoul orthohantavirus, Hantaan orthohantavirus, and Soochong virus.

Monongahela virus (MGLV) is a single-stranded, negative-sense Orthohantavirus virus of zoonotic origin that causes hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.

Limestone Canyon virus (LSC) is a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA zoonotic Orthohantavirus that is genetically similar to Sin Nombre orthohantavirus which causes Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in humans. HPS causing hantaviruses are found only in the United States and South America.

Choclo orthohantavirus (CHOV) is a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA zoonotic New World hantavirus. It was first isolated in 1999 in western Panama. The finding marked the first time Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) was found in Central America.

Rockport virus (RKPV) is a single-stranded, enveloped, negative-sense RNA orthohantavirus.

Oxbow virus(OXBV) is a single-stranded, enveloped, negative-sense RNA orthohantavirus.

Gou virus (GOUV) is a single-stranded, negative-sense, enveloped novel RNA orthohantavirus. It is one of the known hantaviruses responsible for hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in humans.

Hantavirus vaccine is a vaccine that protects in humans against hantavirus infections causing hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) or hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). The vaccine is considered important as acute hantavirus infections are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is estimated that about 1.5 million cases and 46,000 deaths occurred in China from 1950 to 2007. The number of cases is estimated at 32,000 in Finland from 2005 to 2010 and 90,000 in Russia from 1996 to 2006.

Blue River virus (BRV) is a single-stranded, negative sense RNA virus of New World hantavirus isolated from a white-footed mouse near the Blue River in Jackson County, Missouri in 1995. Its genome is similar to Sin Nombre orthohantavirus (SNV) but varies in the S1 and S2 segments. Like Sin Nombre orthohantavirus, Blue River virus causes Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in humans.

Bloodland Lake virus (BLLV) is a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus of New World Orthohantavirus first isolated in a Prairie vole near Bloodland Lake, Fort Leonard Wood, Pulaski County, Missouri in 1994. BLLV has also been isolated in Prairie voles in St. Louis County, Missouri.

References

  1. ↑ Briese, Thomas; et al. (15 June 2015). "Implementation of non-Latinized binomial species names in the family Bunyaviridae" (PDF). International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Retrieved 8 March 2019.
  2. ↑ E. V. Ravkov, S. T. Nichol and R. W. Compans. Polarized entry and release in epithelial cells of Black Creek Canal virus, a New World hantavirus. Journal of Virology, Feb. 1997. Vol. 71, no 2. 1147–1154
  3. ↑ Zaki SR, Albers RC, Greer PW, Coffield LM, Armstrong LR, Khan AS, Khabbaz R, Peters CJ. Retrospective diagnosis of a 1983 case of fatal hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Lancet. 1994 Apr 23;343(8904):1037–1038.
  4. ↑ Zaki SR, Greer PW, Coffield LM, Goldsmith CS, Nolte KB, Foucar K, Feddersen RM, Zumwalt RE, Miller GL, Khan AS, et al. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Pathogenesis of an emerging infectious disease. Am J Pathol. 1995 Mar;146(3):552–579.
  5. ↑ Rollin PE, Ksiazek TG, Elliott LH, Ravkov EV, Martin ML, Morzunov S, Livingstone W, Monroe M, Glass G, Ruo S, et al. Isolation of black creek canal virus, a new hantavirus from Sigmodon hispidus in Florida. J Med Virol. 1995 May;46(1):35–39.
  6. ↑ Klein SL, Calisher CH. Emergence and persistence of hantaviruses.Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2007;315:217–52.
  7. ↑ "CDC—How People Get Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)—Hantavirus". Cdc.gov. 2012-08-29. Retrieved 2014-02-10.
  8. 1 2 3 Khan, A. (January 1996). "Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome in Florida: Association with the Newly Identified Black Creek Canal Virus". The American Journal of Medicine. 100 (1): 46–48. doi:10.1016/S0002-9343(96)90010-8. PMID   8579086. S2CID   20426529.
  9. ↑ "Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)". www.nhlbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2018-11-07.
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