Bolboschoenus maritimus

Last updated

Sea clubrush
BolboschoenusMaritimus2.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Cyperaceae
Genus: Bolboschoenus
Species:
B. maritimus
Binomial name
Bolboschoenus maritimus
Synonyms [1]
List
    • Scirpus maritimusL.
    • Reigera maritima(L.) Opiz
    • Schoenoplectus maritimus(L.) Lye
    • Scirpus macrostachyosLam.
    • Scirpus compactusHoffm.
    • Scirpus aegyptiacusPoir. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck
    • Scirpus ripariusPers.
    • Scirpus tridentatusRoxb.
    • Scirpus vulgarisMazziari
    • Scirpus decumanusWilld. ex Kunth
    • Scirpus lucidusLess. ex Kunth
    • Scirpus swampianusBosc ex Kunth
    • Scirpus salinusSchmidt ex Steud.
    • Schoenus macrostachyusNoë ex Rchb
    • Scirpus megastachyusSteud.
    • Scirpus squarrosulusSteud.
    • Scirpus strobiliferusSteud.
    • Scirpocyperus septentrionalisMontandon
    • Scirpus auronitensNees & Ehrenb. ex Boeckeler
    • Scirpus laciniatusNees & Ehrenb. ex Boeckeler
    • Scirpus hyalinolepisSteud. ex Jard
    • Scirpus polyopsisBubani
    • Bolboschoenus compactus(Hoffm.) Drobow
    • plus many infraspecific names

Bolboschoenus maritimus is a species of flowering plant from family Cyperaceae. Common names for this species include sea clubrush, cosmopolitan bulrush, alkali bulrush, saltmarsh bulrush, and bayonet grass. It is found in seaside wetland habitats over much of the world. It is widespread across much of temperate and subtropical Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, South America and various islands. [1] [2] [3] [4]

Contents

Habitat

As a halophyte, B. maritimus is usually found in saline habitats, including the northern coast of the North and Baltic Sea, Scandinavia, and in coastal western and southern Europe, as well as inland in northern Poland, Pannonia, and as far east as the Ural Mountains. B. maritimus often dominates in areas with saline, muddy substrates that are rich in minerals with substantial water level fluctuations that typically flood in spring and early summer. However these habitats have grown in economic importance and are used intensively for livestock grazing, which has led to the disappearance of B. maritimus from its historical range, exacerbated by land reclamation, invasive species, and conversion to arable land. [5]

Related Research Articles

<i>Scirpus</i> Genus of flowering plants

Scirpus is a genus of grass-like species in the sedge family Cyperaceae many with the common names club-rush, wood club-rush or bulrush. They mostly inhabit wetlands and damp locations.

<i>Eriophorum</i> Genus of flowering plants in the sedge family Cyperaceae

Eriophorum is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cyperaceae, the sedge family. They are found throughout the arctic, subarctic, and temperate portions of the Northern Hemisphere in acid bog habitats, being particularly abundant in Arctic tundra regions.

<i>Schoenoplectus californicus</i> Species of grass-like plant

Schoeneoplectus californicus is a species of sedge known by the common names California bulrush, southern bulrush and giant bulrush. It is also sometimes called "tule", but the closely related Schoenoplectus acutus is the species most often referred to by that name.

<i>Bolboschoenus fluviatilis</i> Species of flowering plant in the sedge family Cyperaceae

Bolboschoenus fluviatilis, the river bulrush, is a species of flowering plant in the sedge family, Cyperaceae. Its range includes Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, Canada, the United States, and northeastern Mexico. B. fluviatilis and its fruits are important as food sources for waterfowl such as geese, ducks, bitterns, and swans. It also provides cover and nesting sites for these and other species of birds, as well as small mammals. Like other Bolboschoenus species, B. fluviatilis has strong tubers and rhizomes which help to stabilize intertidal habitats by preventing erosion.

<i>Lestes macrostigma</i> Species of damselfly

Lestes macrostigma is a species of damselfly of the family Lestidae, the spreadwings. It is known by the common name dark spreadwing. It is native to much of southern Europe, its distribution extending into western Asia.

<i>Schoenoplectus americanus</i> Species of grass-like plant

Schoenoplectus americanus is an American species of flowering plant in the sedge family known by the common names chairmaker's bulrush and Olney's three-square bulrush.

<i>Schoenoplectus heterochaetus</i> Species of grass-like plant

Schoenoplectus heterochaetus is a species of flowering plant in the sedge family known by the common name slender bulrush. It is native to North America, where it can be found in scattered locations in Canada and the United States.

<i>Schoenoplectiella mucronata</i> Species of grass-like plant

Schoenoplectiella mucronata is a species of flowering plant in the sedge family known by the common names bog bulrush, rough-seed bulrush, and ricefield bulrush. It is native to Eurasia, Africa and Australia. It grows in moist and wet terrestrial habitat, and in shallow water. It is a perennial herb growing from a short, hard rhizome. The erect, three-angled stems grow in dense clumps and can reach a metre tall. The leaves take the form of sheaths wrapped around the base of stem, but they generally do not have blades. The inflorescence is a headlike cluster of cone-shaped spikelets accompanied by an angled, stiff bract which may look like a continuation of the stem.

<i>Amphiscirpus</i> Genus of grass-like plants

Amphiscirpus is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the sedge family containing the single species Amphiscirpus nevadensis, which is known by the common name Nevada bulrush.

<i>Bolboschoenus robustus</i> Species of flowering plant in the sedge family Cyperaceae

Bolboschoenus robustus is a species of flowering plant in the sedge family. It is known by many common names: saltmarsh bulrush, alkali bulrush, sturdy bulrush, seacoast bulrush, stout bulrush, three-cornered sedge or leafy three-cornered sedge, and seaside club-rush.

<i>Bolboschoenus</i> Genus of flowering plants in the sedge family Cyperaceae

Bolboschoenus is a genus of plants in the sedge family, of nearly cosmopolitan distribution. Epipaleolithic and Neolithic peoples used ground root tubers of these plants to make the first breads.

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The Rietvlei Wetland Reserve is a 663-hectare (1,640-acre) nature reserve situated in Table View, Western Cape, South Africa. It is managed by the City of Cape Town's Environmental Resource Management Department.

Zandvlei Estuary Nature Reserve is a 300-hectare (740-acre) nature reserve and recreational area located in Muizenberg near Cape Town, South Africa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cape Lowland Freshwater Wetland</span> Vegetation type endemic to the Western Cape, South Africa

Cape Lowland Freshwater Wetland is a critically endangered vegetation type of the Western Cape, South Africa.

<i>Rumex fueginus</i> Species of flowering plant

Rumex fueginus, known as American dock, golden dock, and Tierra del Fuego dock, is a flowering plant in the family Polygonaceae. Rumex fueginus was first formally named by Rodolfo Armando Phillipi. Rumex fueginus is native from Canada in northern North America to Tierra del Fuego at the southern tip of South America. It has previously been considered a subspecies or variety of Rumex maritimus, a Eurasian species.

<i>Bolboschoenus planiculmis</i> Species of flowering plant in the sedge family Cyperaceae

Bolboschoenus planiculmis is a species of flowering plant in the sedge family Cyperaceae. It sprouts from tubers or seeds from April to May and flowers between May and July, with the aboveground biomass dying back in October. It is distributed in estuaries across and throughout East Asia, Central Asia, and Central Europe with small populations reported in Western European countries such as the Netherlands. B. planiculmis can be identified by its bifid styles as opposed to the trifid styles which are found on all other Bolboschoenus species in Europe.

<i>Bolboschoenus yagara</i> Species of flowering plant in the sedge family Cyperaceae

Bolboschoenus yagara is a species of flowering plant in the sedge family Cyperaceae. It is a perennial clonal herb, 0.8 to 1.3 meters tall, and develops underground rhizomes that terminate in spherical or ellipsoid tubers that are up to 3-4 centimeters in diameter. It is able to propagate asexually through the tubers, as well as sexually by seeds.

<i>Ranunculus baudotii</i> Species of flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae

Ranunculus baudotii, brackish water-crowfoot, is a flowering plant in the Ranunculaceae. As the name suggests, it tends to grow near the sea, typically in pools and ditches in coastal marshes that are slightly salty due to sea spray. It can also be found inland where there is some saline influence. It is not edible and has economic uses, but it is generally valued as a plant of conservation interest and an indicator of less agriculturally improved habitat.

<i>Schoenoplectus triqueter</i> Species of sedge

Schoenoplectus triqueter, commonly known as the triangular club-rush, is a species of sedge which lives in temperate Eurasian wetlands, on muddy shores and river margins. It is found across Eurasia, as well as in South Africa, and has been introduced to North America on the west coast. Because of its tolerance of salty habitats, it is considered a halophyte, but plants subjected to a high salinity level experienced noticeable stunting of growth.

References

  1. 1 2 "Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Bolboschoenus maritimus". Apps.kew.org. Retrieved 2018-07-26.
  2. "Flora of North America, Vol. 23 Page 40, Bolboschoenus maritimus (Linnaeus) Palla in W. D. J. Koch et al., Syn. Deut. Schweiz. Fl., ed. 3. 3: 2531. 1905". Efloras.org. Retrieved 2018-07-26.
  3. "Flora of China, Vol. 23 Page 180, 181, 海滨三棱草 hai bin san leng cao, Bolboschoenus maritimus (Linnaeus) Palla in Hallier & Brand, Syn. Deut. Schweiz. Fl., ed. 3. 3: 2531. 1905". Efloras.org. Retrieved 2018-07-26.
  4. Altervista Flora Italiana, Lisca marittima, Sea Club Rush, Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla includes photos and a European distribution map
  5. Ljevnaić-Mašić, Branka; Džigurski, Dejana; Nikolić, Ljiljana; Brdar-Jokanović, Milka; Čabilovski, Ranko; Ćirić, Vladimir; Petrović, Aleksandra (2020-06-01). "Assessment of the habitat conditions of a rare and endangered inland saline wetland community with Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla dominance in Southeastern Europe: the effects of physical–chemical water and soil properties". Wetlands Ecology and Management. 28 (3): 421–438. Bibcode:2020WetEM..28..421L. doi:10.1007/s11273-020-09721-4. ISSN   1572-9834. S2CID   214783051.