Brachypotherium

Last updated

Brachypotherium
Temporal range: Miocene
Brachypotherium.JPG
Mandible
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Perissodactyla
Family: Rhinocerotidae
Subfamily: Aceratheriinae
Genus: Brachypotherium
Roger, 1904
Type species
Brachypotherium brachypus
Lartet, 1848
Species
  • B. brachypus
  • B. goldfussi
  • B. lewisi
  • B. minor
  • B. perimense

Brachypotherium is an extinct genus of rhinocerotid that lived in Eurasia and Africa during the Miocene. [1]

Many species of Brachypotherium have been described. Some species have moved to other genera, such as B. aurelianense being transferred to Diaceratherium . [2] The genus was widespread during the Early and Middle Miocene, before heading into a decline. They went extinct in Eurasia by the beginning of the Late Miocene, with the African species B. lewisi surviving until the end of the epoch. [3]

A first upper decidual molar referable to Brachypotherium brachypus was found during gold mining in New Caledonia during the 19th century, being misidentified as a species of marsupial known as Zygomaturus. [4] However, rhinoceros were never native to New Caledonia, and the tooth likely originates from France and was probably used as jewelry by a French convict deported there. [5] [6]

Paleoecology

Dental microwear and mesowear analysis suggests that B. brachypus was a mixed feeder. [7]

References

  1. Wilson, R. (1993). "Importance of the field occurrence of the rhinocerotid Brachypotherium americanum Yatkola and Tanner, 1979". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 13 (2): 270. Bibcode:1993JVPal..13..270W. doi:10.1080/02724634.1993.10011507.
  2. Prothero, Donald R. (2005). The Evolution of North American Rhinoceroses. Cambridge University Press. p. 97. ISBN   9780521832403.
  3. Handa, N. (2020). "Brachypotherium perimense (Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotidae) from the Miocene of Nakhon Ratchasima, Northeastern Thailand, with comments on fossil records of Brachypotherium". Historical Biology. 33 (9): 1642–1660. doi:10.1080/08912963.2020.1723578. S2CID   214240702.
  4. Guerin, Claude; Winslow, John H.; Piboule, Michel; Faure, Martine (January 1981). "Le prétendu rhinocéros de Nouvelle Calédonie est un marsupial (Zygomaturus diahotensis nov. sp.)". Geobios. 14 (2): 201–217. doi:10.1016/s0016-6995(81)80004-6. ISSN   0016-6995.
  5. Antoine, Pierre-Olivier (March 2012). "Pleistocene and Holocene rhinocerotids (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from the Indochinese Peninsula". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 11 (2–3): 159–168. Bibcode:2012CRPal..11..159A. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2011.03.002. ISSN   1631-0683.
  6. Affholder, Oscar; Antoine, Pierre-Olivier; Beck, Robin M.D. (September 2024). "The "Diahot Tooth" is a Miocene rhinocerotid fossil brought by humans to New Caledonia" . Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 31 (3) 27. doi:10.1007/s10914-024-09723-6. ISSN   1064-7554.
  7. Hullot, Manon; Laurent, Yves; Merceron, Gildas; Antoine, Pierre-Olivier (2021). "Paleoecology of the Rhinocerotidae (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from Béon 1, Montréal-du-Gers (late early Miocene, SW France): Insights from dental microwear texture analysis, mesowear, and enamel hypoplasia". Palaeontologia Electronica . doi:10.26879/1163 . Retrieved 13 November 2024.