Dicerorhinus

Dicerorhinus Temporal range: Late Miocene–Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Rapunzel, a Sumatran Rhino in the Bronx Zoo
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Perissodactyla
Family:	Rhinocerotidae
Tribe:	Dicerorhinini
Genus:	Dicerorhinus Gloger, 1841
Species
† Dicerorhinus fusuiensis † Dicerorhinus gwebinensis Dicerorhinus sumatrensis

Dicerorhinus (Greek: "two" (dio), "horn" (keratos), "nose" (rhinos) ^[1] ) is a genus of the family Rhinocerotidae, consisting of a single extant species, the two-horned Sumatran rhinoceros (D. sumatrensis), and several extinct species. The genus likely originated from the Late Miocene of central Myanmar. ^[2] Many species previously placed in this genus probably belong elsewhere. ^[3]

Taxonomy

Species provisionally considered valid include:

• †Dicerorhinus fusuiensis ^{[4] [5]} originally described as Rhinocerosfusuiensis ^[6] Early Pleistocene, South China.
• †Dicerorhinus gwebinensisZin-Maung-Maung-Thein et al., 2008 Known from a skull of Pliocene-Early Pleistocene age found in Myanmar. ^[7] Some authors have considered the skull not distinguishable from that of D. sumatrensis. ^[8]

Historically, Dicerorhinus was a wastebasket taxon. Revisions by several authors over the years have removed many species:

Transferred to Stephanorhinus ^[3]

• Dicerorhinus merckii
• Dicerorhinus hemitoechus
• Dicerorhinus etruscus
• Dicerorhinus yunchuchenensis
• Dicerorhinus jeanvireti
• Dicerorhinus choukoutienensis (synonym of Merck's rhinoceros)
• Dicerorhinus orientalis (synonym of Merck's rhinoceros)
• Dicerorhinus nipponicus ^[9]

Transferred to Dihoplus ^[3]

• Dicerorhinus megarhinus
• Dicerorhinus schleiermacheri
• Dicerorhinus ringstroemi

Transferred to Caementodon

• Dicerorhinus caucasicus ^[10]

Transferred to Lartetotherium

• Dicerorhinus sansaniensis
• Dicerorhinus cixianensis Chen and Wu, 1976 ^[11]

Transferred to Rusingaceros

• Dicerorhinus leakeyi

Placement of the Sumatran rhinoceros among recent and subfossil rhinoceros species based on nuclear genomes (Liu, 2021) ^[12]

	Elasmotheriinae † Elasmotherium sibiricum Rhinocerotinae Black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) White Rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) Javan rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus) Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) † Woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis) † Merck's rhinoceros (Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis)

Bayesian morphological phylogeny (Pandolfi, 2023) Note: This excludes living African rhinoceros species. ^[13]

Rhinocerotina Gaindatherium browni Lartetotherium sansaniense Nesorhinus Nesorhinus hayasakai Nesorhinus philippinensis Rhinoceros Rhinoceros sondaicus (Javan rhinoceros) Rhinoceros unicornis (Indian rhinoceros) Dicerorhinus Dicerorhinus gwebinensis Dicerorhinus fusuiensis Dicerorhinus sumatrensis (Sumatran rhinoceros) Dihoplus schleiermacheri "Dihoplus" pikermiensis Coelodonta Coelodonta thibetana Coelodonta nihowanensis Coelodonta tologoijensis Coelodonta antiquitatis (woolly rhinoceros) Pliorhinus Pliorhinus megarhinus Pliorhinus miguelcrusafonti Stephanorhinus Stephanorhinus jeanvireti Stephanorhinus etruscus Stephanorhinus hundsheimensis Stephanorhinus hemitoechus (Narrow-nosed or steppe rhinoceros) Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis (Merck's or forest rhinoceros)

References

1. "Glossary. American Museum of Natural History". Archived from the original on 20 November 2021.
2. Longuet, M.; Handa, N.; Zin-Maung- Maung-Thein; Thaung- Htike; Man-Thit- Nyein; Takai, M. (2024). "Post-cranial remains of Rhinocerotidae from the Neogene of central Myanmar: morphological descriptions and comparisons with ratios". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. doi:10.1080/08912963.2024.2408617.
3. Tong, Hao-wen (2012). "Evolution of the non-Coelodonta dicerorhine lineage in China". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 11 (8): 555–562. Bibcode:2012CRPal..11..555T. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2012.06.002.
4. Antoine, P.-O.; Reyes, M. C.; Amano, N.; Bautista, A. P.; Chang, C.-H.; Claude, J.; De Vos, J.; Ingicco, T. (2021). "A new rhinoceros clade from the Pleistocene of Asia sheds light on mammal dispersals to the Philippines". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 194 (2): 416–430. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab009.
5. Pandolfi, Luca (2023-01-19). "Reassessing the phylogeny of Quaternary Eurasian Rhinocerotidae". Journal of Quaternary Science. 38 (3): 291–294. Bibcode:2023JQS....38..291P. doi:10.1002/jqs.3496. hdl: 11563/163194 . ISSN   0267-8179.
6. Yan, Yaling; Wang, Yuan; Jin, Changzhu; Mead, Jim I. (December 2014). "New remains of Rhinoceros (Rhinocerotidae, Perissodactyla, Mammalia) associated with Gigantopithecus blacki from the Early Pleistocene Yanliang Cave, Fusui, South China". Quaternary International. 354: 110–121. Bibcode:2014QuInt.354..110Y. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2014.01.004.
7. Zin-Maung-Maung-Thein; Takai, Masanaru; Tsubamoto, Takehisa; Thaung-Htike; Egi, Naoko; Maung-Maung (November 2008). "A NEW SPECIES OF DICERORHINUS (RHINOCEROTIDAE) FROM THE PLIO-PLEISTOCENE OF MYANMAR". Palaeontology. 51 (6): 1419–1433. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00813.x.
8. Chen, Shaokun; Pang, Libo; Yan, Yaling; Wei, Guangbiao; Yue, Zongying (August 2021). "First Discovery of Dicerorhinus sumatrensis from Yanjinggou Provides Insights into the Pleistocene Rhinocerotidae of South China". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 95 (4): 1065–1072. doi:10.1111/1755-6724.14719. ISSN   1000-9515.
9. Handa, N.; Kohno, N.; Kudo, Y. (2019). "Reappraisal of a middle Pleistocene rhinocerotid (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from the Matsugae Cave, Fukuoka Prefecture, southwestern Japan". Historical Biology. 33 (4): 218–229. doi:10.1080/08912963.2019.1604699. S2CID   145930245.
10. Antoine, P. O. (2003). "Middle Miocene elasmotheriine Rhinocerotidae from China and Mongolia: Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic relationships". Zoologica Scripta. 32 (2): 95–118. doi:10.1046/j.1463-6409.2003.00106.x. S2CID   86800130.
11. Deng, T.; Li, S., 2023. Restudy of Rhinocerotini fossils from the Miocene Jiulongkou fauna of China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 61: 198-211 - DOI: 10.19615/j.cnki.2096-9899.230630
12. Liu, Shanlin; Westbury, Michael V.; Dussex, Nicolas; Mitchell, Kieren J.; Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S.; Heintzman, Peter D.; Duchêne, David A.; Kapp, Joshua D.; von Seth, Johanna; Heiniger, Holly; Sánchez-Barreiro, Fátima (August 2021). "Ancient and modern genomes unravel the evolutionary history of the rhinoceros family". Cell. 184 (19): 4874–4885.e16. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.07.032 . hdl: 10230/48693 . ISSN   0092-8674. PMID   34433011. S2CID   237273079.
13. Pandolfi, Luca (2023-01-19). "Reassessing the phylogeny of Quaternary Eurasian Rhinocerotidae". Journal of Quaternary Science. 38 (3): 291–294. Bibcode:2023JQS....38..291P. doi: 10.1002/jqs.3496 . hdl: 11563/163194 . ISSN   0267-8179.

• Groves, Colin P., and Fred Kurt (1972). "Dicerorhinus sumatrensis". Mammalian Species (21): 1–6.
• "A new species of Dicerorhinus (Rhinocerotidae) from the Plio-Pleistocene of Myanmar" Archived 2020-10-11 at the Wayback Machine