Rhinocerotoidea

For the common rhinocerotoid family, see Rhinoceros

Rhinocerotoids Temporal range: 56–0  Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Latest Paleocene-Present
Rhinoceroses, a type of rhinocerotoid
Skeleton of Paraceratherium (Paraceratheriidae)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Perissodactyla
Suborder:	Ceratomorpha
Superfamily:	Rhinocerotoidea Gray, 1821
Families
† Hyrachyus † Hyracodontidae † Amynodontidae † Paraceratheriidae † Eggysodontidae Rhinocerotidae

Rhinocerotoidea is a superfamily of perissodactyls that appeared 56 million years ago in the Paleocene. They included four extinct families, the Amynodontidae, the Hyracodontidae, the Paraceratheriidae, and the Eggysodontidae. The only extant family is the Rhinocerotidae (true rhinoceroses), which survives as five living species. Extinct non-rhinocerotid members of the group are sometimes considered rhinoceroses in a broad sense. Although the term 'rhinoceroses' is sometimes used to refer to all of these, a less ambiguous vernacular term for this group is 'rhinocerotoids'. The family Paraceratheriidae contains the largest land mammals known to have ever existed. ^[1]

Taxonomy

The cladogram below follows a phylogenetic analysis by Bai et al. (2020): ^[2]

Rhinocerotoidea

Indolophus Breviodon Fouchia Minchenoletes Triplopus cubitalus Yimengia Rhinocerotoidea Hyrachyus Uintaceras Teletaceras Selenaletes Triplopus? youjingensis Hyracodontidae Ephyrachyus Prohyracodon Ardynia Hyracodon Epitriplopus Triplopides Forstercooperiidae Forstercooperia Gobicerops Pappaceras Amynodontidae Caenolophus Proeggysodon Rostriamynodon Sharamynodon Amynodon Cadurcodon Metamynodon Paramynodon Eggysodon Paraceratheriidae Juxia Paraceratherium Urtinotherium Rhinocerotidae Trigonias Subhyracodon Menoceras Rhinoceros (sensu stricto)

(sensu lato)

References

1. Deng, T.; Lu, X.; Wang, S.; Flynn, L. J.; Sun, D.; He, W.; Chen, S. (2021). "An Oligocene giant rhino provides insights into Paraceratherium evolution". Communications Biology. 4 (1): 639. doi:10.1038/s42003-021-02170-6. PMC   8211792 . PMID   34140631.
2. Bai, B.; Meng, J.; Zhang, C.; Gong, Y.-X.; Wang, Y.-Q. (2020). "The origin of Rhinocerotoidea and phylogeny of Ceratomorpha (Mammalia, Perissodactyla)". Communications Biology. 3 (1): 509. doi: 10.1038/s42003-020-01205-8 . PMC   7490376 . PMID   32929169.