Brotogeris | |
---|---|
Plain parakeet | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Psittaciformes |
Family: | Psittacidae |
Subfamily: | Arinae |
Genus: | Brotogeris Vigors, 1825 |
Type species | |
Psittacus pyrrhopterus (grey-cheeked parakeet) Latham, 1801 | |
Species | |
see text |
Brotogeris is a genus of small parrots endemic to Central and South America. Their closest relatives are the monk parakeet and the cliff parakeet in the genus Myiopsitta . They eat seeds and fruit. [1] The word brotogeris means "having the voice of a human". In the language of their native countries, which is mostly Spanish, they are called pericos – the translation of which is "parakeet". Their average lifespan is 15 years, although some have been reported to have lived up to 35 years. Also, the bird was found in Rio Grande do Sul in South America.[ citation needed ]
The genus Brotogeris was introduced in 1825 by Irish zoologist Nicholas Aylward Vigors with the grey-cheeked parakeet as the type species. [2] [3] The name is from the Ancient Greek brotogērus meaning "with human voice". [4]
The genus contains eight species: [5]
Image | Common Name | Scientific name | Distribution |
---|---|---|---|
Tui parakeet | Brotogeris sanctithomae | Brazil, and Amazonian Peru, Bolivia, eastern Ecuador, and south-eastern Colombia. | |
Plain parakeet | Brotogeris tirica | Brazil. | |
White-winged parakeet | Brotogeris versicolurus | southeast Colombia to the river's mouth in Brazil. | |
Yellow-chevroned parakeet, canary-winged parakeet | Brotogeris chiriri | central Brazil to southern Bolivia, Paraguay, and northern Argentina. | |
Grey-cheeked parakeet | Brotogeris pyrrhoptera | northwestern Peru and western Ecuador | |
Orange-chinned parakeet, Tovi parakeet | Brotogeris jugularis [1] | from Mexico, through Central America, to Venezuela. | |
Cobalt-winged parakeet | Brotogeris cyanoptera | Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia; and Brazil | |
Golden-winged parakeet | Brotogeris chrysoptera | Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, (the Guianas), and Venezuela | |
The species form a monophyletic group whose closest relatives are the monk parakeet and the cliff parakeet in the genus Myiopsitta . Within Brotogeris the species are divided into two separate clades. [6]
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The family Psittacidae or holotropical parrots is one of three families of true parrots. It comprises the 12 species of subfamily Psittacinae and 167 of subfamily Arinae including several species that have gone extinct in recent centuries. Some of the most iconic birds in the world are represented here, such as the blue-and-yellow macaw among the New World parrots and the grey parrot among the Old World parrots.
Hanging parrots are birds in the genus Loriculus, a group of small parrots from tropical southern Asia.
Rosellas are in a genus that consists of six species and nineteen subspecies. These colourful parrots from Australia are in the genus Platycercus. Platycercus means "broad-tailed" or "flat-tailed", reflecting a feature common to the rosellas and other members of the broad-tailed parrot tribe. Their diet is mainly seeds and fruit.
The red-capped parrot is a species of broad-tailed parrot native to southwestern Australia. It was described by Heinrich Kuhl in 1820, with no subspecies recognised. It has long been classified in its own genus owing to its distinctive elongated beak, though genetic analysis shows that it lies within the lineage of the Psephotellus parrots and that its closest relative is the mulga parrot. Not easily confused with other parrot species, it has a bright crimson crown, green-yellow cheeks, and a distinctive long bill. The wings, back, and long tail are dark green, and the underparts are purple-blue. The adult female is very similar though sometimes slightly duller than the male; her key distinguishing feature is a white stripe on the wing under-surface. Juveniles are predominantly green.
The neotropical parrots or New World parrots comprise about 150 species in 32 genera found throughout South and Central America, Mexico, the Caribbean islands and (formerly) the southern United States. Among them are some of the most familiar and iconic parrots, including the blue and gold macaw, sun conure, and yellow-headed amazon.
Myiopsitta is a genus of parrot in the family Psittacidae. They are native to South America, but are found all over Europe, as well. They are known as an invasive species due to the crop damage they cause, which greatly affects the wildlife all across Europe. The monk parakeet is sometimes considered monotypic within the genus.
The cliff parakeet is a Near Threatened species of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. It is endemic to Bolivia.
The pale-headed rosella, is a broad-tailed parrot of the genus Platycercus native to northeastern Australia. It is a moderate-size parrot with a pale yellow head, predominantly white cheeks, scalloped black and gold back and pale blue underparts. Two subspecies are recognised, although some authorities consider it to be conspecific with the eastern rosella of southeastern Australia.
The chattering lory is a forest-dwelling parrot endemic to North Maluku, Indonesia. It is considered vulnerable, the main threat being from trapping for the cage-bird trade.
The purple-naped lory is a species of parrot in the family Psittaculidae. It is forest-dwelling endemic to the islands of Seram, Ambon, and perhaps also Haruku and Saparua, South Maluku, Indonesia. It is considered endangered, the main threat being from trapping for the cage-bird trade.
The northern rosella, formerly known as Brown's rosella or the smutty rosella, is a species of parrot native to northern Australia, ranging from the Gulf of Carpentaria and Arnhem Land to the Kimberley. It was described by Heinrich Kuhl in 1820, and two subspecies are recognised. The species is unusually coloured for a rosella, with a dark head and neck with pale cheeks—predominantly white in the subspecies from the Northern Territory and blue in the Western Australian subspecies hillii. The northern rosella's mantle and scapulars are black with fine yellow scallops, while its back, rump and underparts are pale yellow with fine black scallops. The long tail is blue-green, and the wings are black and blue-violet. The sexes have similar plumage, while females and younger birds are generally duller with occasional spots of red.
The black-capped lory also known as western black-capped lory or the tricolored lory, is a parrot found in New Guinea and adjacent smaller islands. It is a colourful and relatively robust lory. There are seven subspecies, all with green wings, red heads and body around the wing, a black cap, grey-black cere, yellow underwings, and blue legs and belly. Most also have a blue nape and mantle. It remains overall widespread and common, but the subspecies cyanuchen is relatively rare, with fewer than 5,000 individuals remaining.
A feral parrot is a parrot that has adapted to life in an ecosystem to which it is not native. The birds are often descended from pets that have escaped or been deliberately released. Many species of parrots are highly social, and like to gather in large flocks. Not all feral parrots are able to adapt to life outside of captivity, although having a pre-existing nearby parrot colony can assist with the adaptation process.
The jandaya parakeet or jenday conure is a small Neotropical parrot with green wings and tail, reddish-orange body, yellow head and neck, orange cheeks, and black bill, native to wooded habitats in northeastern Brazil. It is a member of the Aratinga solstitialis complex of parakeets very closely related to, and possibly subspecies of the sun parakeet.
The golden-winged parakeet is a species of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.
The grey-cheeked parakeet, less commonly known as fire-winged parakeet, is a Vulnerable species of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. It is found in Ecuador and Peru.
The plain parakeet is a species of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. It is endemic to Brazil.
Lorius is a genus of lory in the parrot family Psittaculidae. The genus contains six species that are distributed from the Moluccas in Indonesia through New Guinea to the Solomon Islands. They have characteristic red plumage with varying amounts of blue, green wings, and in all but one species a black crown. The bills are orange and the feet are grey. With lengths of up to 25 to 30 cm and average weights of 132 to 190 g, the members of this genus tend to be the largest of the Loriinae subfamily.
Psittacara is a genus of parakeets in the tribe Arini. Species of the genus are found in Central and South America, the Caribbean and one species reaching the southern United States. Until 2013, all the species were placed in the genus Aratinga. Many of the Psittacara species are kept in aviculture or as companion parrots, where they are commonly known as conures.
The monk parakeet, also known as the monk parrot or Quaker parrot, is a species of true parrot in the family Psittacidae. It is a small, bright-green parrot with a greyish breast and greenish-yellow abdomen. Its average lifespan is 20–30 years. It originates from the temperate to subtropical areas of South America. Self-sustaining feral populations occur in many places, mainly in areas of similar climate in North America and Europe.
Bencke, Glayson A., 2010.New and significant bird records from Rio Grande do Sul, with comments on biogeography and conservation of the southern Brazilian avifauna. IHERINGIA SERIE ZOOLOGIA, 100(4), 391–402. 10.1590/S0073-47212010000400014