The Kirkbride Plan was a system of mental asylum design advocated by American psychiatrist Thomas Story Kirkbride (1809–1883) in the mid-19th century. The asylums built in the Kirkbride design,often referred to as Kirkbride Buildings,were constructed during the mid-to-late-19th century in the United States.
Bryce Hospital opened in 1861 in Tuscaloosa,Alabama,United States. It is Alabama's oldest and largest inpatient psychiatric facility. First known as the Alabama State Hospital for the Insane and later as the Alabama Insane Hospital,the building is considered an architectural model. The hospital houses 268 beds for acute care,treatment and rehabilitation of full-time (committed) patients. The Mary Starke Harper Geriatric Psychiatry Hospital,a separate facility on the same campus,provides an additional 100 beds for inpatient geriatric care. The main facility was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.
The Utica Psychiatric Center,also known as Utica State Hospital,opened in Utica on January 16,1843. It was New York's first state-run facility designed to care for the mentally ill,and one of the first such institutions in the United States. It was originally called the New York State Lunatic Asylum at Utica. The Greek Revival structure was designed by Captain William Clarke and its construction was funded by the state and by contributions from Utica residents.
The Athens Lunatic Asylum,now a mixed-use development known as The Ridges, was a Kirkbride Plan mental hospital operated in Athens,Ohio,from 1874 until 1993. During its operation,the hospital provided services to a variety of patients including Civil War veterans,children,and those declared mentally unwell. After a period of disuse the property was redeveloped by the state of Ohio. Today,The Ridges are a part of Ohio University and house the Kennedy Museum of Art as well as an auditorium and many offices,classrooms,and storage facilities.
The Richardson Olmsted Campus in Buffalo,New York,United States,was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1986. The site was designed by the American architect Henry Hobson Richardson in concert with the famed landscape team of Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux in the late 1800s,incorporating a system of treatment for people with mental illness developed by Dr. Thomas Story Kirkbride known as the Kirkbride Plan. Over the years,as mental health treatment changed and resources were diverted,the buildings and grounds began a slow deterioration. By 1974,the last patients were removed from the historic wards. On June 24,1986,the former Buffalo State Asylum for the Insane was added to the National Historic Landmark registry. In 2006,the Richardson Center Corporation was formed to restore the buildings.
The Crownsville Hospital Center was a psychiatric hospital located in Crownsville,Maryland. It was in operation from 1911 until 2004.
Oregon State Hospital is a public psychiatric hospital in the U.S. state of Oregon,located in the state's capital city of Salem with a smaller satellite campus in Junction City opened in 2014. Founded in 1862 and constructed in the Kirkbride Plan design in 1883,it is the oldest operating psychiatric hospital in the state of Oregon,and one of the oldest continuously operated hospitals on the West Coast.
Georgia's state mental asylum located in Milledgeville,Georgia,now known as the Central State Hospital (CSH),has been the state's largest facility for treatment of mental illness and developmental disabilities. In continuous operation since accepting its first patient in December 1842,the hospital was founded as the Georgia State Lunatic,Idiot,and Epileptic Asylum,and was also known as the Georgia State Sanitarium and Milledgeville State Hospital during its long history. By the 1960s the facility had grown into the largest mental hospital in the world. Its landmark Powell Building and the vast,abandoned 1929 Jones Building stand among some 200 buildings on two thousand acres that once housed nearly 12,000 patients.
Central State Hospital is a 192-bed adult psychiatric hospital located in the Lakeland neighborhood of Louisville,Kentucky.
The Callan Park Hospital for the Insane (1878–1914) is a heritage-listed former insane asylum,which was subsequently,for a time,used as a college campus,located in the grounds of Callan Park,an area on the shores of Iron Cove in Lilyfield,a suburb of Sydney,New South Wales,Australia. In 1915,the facility was renamed as the Callan Park Mental Hospital and,again in 1976,to Callan Park Hospital. Since 1994,the facility has been formally known as Rozelle Hospital. In April 2008,all Rozelle Hospital services and patients were transferred to Concord Hospital. The Callan Park Act,2002 (NSW) restricts future uses of the site to health,tertiary education and community uses.
Peoria State Hospital Historic District,also known as Bartonville State Hospital or Illinois Asylum for the Incurable Insane,was a psychiatric hospital operated by the State of Illinois from 1902 to 1973. The hospital is located in Bartonville,Illinois,near the city of Peoria in Peoria County. The hospital grounds and its 63 buildings are listed as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places.
The Trans-Allegheny Lunatic Asylum was a psychiatric hospital located in Weston,West Virginia and known by other names such as West Virginia Hospital for the Insane and Weston State Hospital. The asylum was open to patients from October 1864 until May 1994. After its closure,patients were transitioned to the new William R. Sharpe,Jr. Hospital in Weston,named after William R. Sharpe Jr.,a member of the West Virginia Senate. The hospital reopened as a tourist location in March 2008.
Mendota Mental Health Institute (MMHI) is a public psychiatric hospital in Madison,Wisconsin,United States,operated by the Wisconsin Department of Health Services. The hospital is accredited by the Joint Commission. Portions of the facility are included in the Wisconsin Memorial Hospital Historic District,District #88002183. The Mendota State Hospital Mound Group and Farwell's Point Mound Group are also located at the facility.
The Brattleboro Retreat is a private not-for-profit mental health hospital that provides comprehensive inpatient,partial hospitalization,and outpatient treatment services for children,adolescents,and adults.
Cherry Hospital is an inpatient regional referral psychiatric hospital located in Goldsboro,North Carolina,United States. As one of three psychiatric hospitals operated by the North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services,it provides services to 38 counties in the eastern region of North Carolina. It is part of the Division of State Operated Healthcare Facilities within the Department of Health and Human Services,which oversees and manages 14 state-operated healthcare facilities that treat adults and children with mental illness,developmental disabilities,and substance use disorders. The Division's psychiatric hospitals provide comprehensive inpatient mental health services to people with psychiatric illness who cannot be safely treated at a lower level of care.
The South Carolina State Hospital was a publicly funded state-run psychiatric hospital in Columbia,South Carolina. Founded in 1821 as the South Carolina Lunatic Asylum,it was one of the first public mental hospitals established in the United States. The Mills Building,its first building,was designed by early American architect Robert Mills,and is a National Historic Landmark. The hospital had more than 1,000 patients in 1900,but with the transition of mental health facilities to community settings,it closed in the late 1990s. While buildings on the campus were temporarily used for inpatient services into the early 2000s,they were not part of the State Hospital,but other inpatient facilities of the agency. Several buildings on its campus housed offices and storage facilities of the state's Department of Mental Health until approximately 2014. In October 2014,the Department sold the first parcels of the property into private ownership and received the first sale proceeds. The William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute remained on the campus until 2015,when it moved to a new facility on Department's Northeast Columbia Campus. As of January 2021,100% of the South Carolina State Hospital property had been transferred to private ownership. Proceeds from the sale of the Bull Street property must be used to benefit patients of the Agency. As of August 2020,the SC Mental Health Commission had authorized the expenditure of $10 million of the proceeds,$6.5 million,for the development of additional community housing for patients.
Medfield State Hospital,originally the Medfield Insane Asylum,is a historic former psychiatric hospital complex at 45 Hospital Road in Medfield,Massachusetts,United States. The asylum was established in 1892 as the state's first facility for dealing with chronic mental patients. The college-like campus was designed by William Pitt Wentworth and developed between 1896 and 1914. After an era dominated by asylums built using the Kirkbride Plan,Medfield Insane Asylum was the first asylum built using the new Cottage Plan layout,where instead of holding patients in cells,they would be integrated into a small community and work a specific job. It was formally renamed "Medfield State Hospital" in 1914.
Eastern State Hospital,located in Lexington,Kentucky,is the second oldest Psychiatric Hospital in the United States. It operates today as a psychiatric hospital with 239 beds providing inpatient care. Eastern State Hospital is owned by the Commonwealth of Kentucky,operated by the University of Kentucky's UK HealthCare and falls under the jurisdiction of the Cabinet for Health and Family Services.
The Maine Insane Hospital,later the Augusta Mental Health Institute (AMHI),was a psychiatric hospital in Augusta,Maine. It was the principal facility for the care and treatment of Maine's mentally ill from 1840 to 2004,and its surviving buildings represent the oldest surviving complex of mental care facilities in the United States. The complex is located on the east bank of the Kennebec River,immediately south of the former Kennebec Arsenal,and now primarily houses state offices. In 2004,the hospital was replaced by the Riverview Psychiatric Center,located just to the south. The hospital's core complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982,with the listing enlarged to encompass the entire campus in 2001.
The Western State Hospital Historic District is a 37 acres (15 ha) historic district in Bolivar,Tennessee which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987. It then included seven contributing buildings and four non-contributing ones. It has also been known as the Western State Hospital for the Insane at Bolivar,as the Western State Psychiatric Hospital,and presently operates as the Western Mental Health Institute,serving 24 counties in West Tennessee.
