Caltha leptosepala

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Caltha leptosepala
Psychrophila leptosepala 9051.jpg
Caltha leptosepala subsp. howellii
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Ranunculales
Family: Ranunculaceae
Genus: Caltha
Species:
C. leptosepala
Binomial name
Caltha leptosepala
DC.
Subspecies and varieties
  • C. leptosepala ssp. leptosepala var. leptosepala
  • C. leptosepala ssp. leptosepala var. sulfureaHitchcock
  • C. leptosepala subsp. howellii(Huth.) Smit
Synonyms

C. lasopetala, C. leptostachya, C. chelidonii, C. uniflora

Contents

Caltha leptosepala, the white marsh marigold, twinflowered marsh marigold, or broadleaved marsh marigold, is a perennial species of flowering plant in the buttercup family. It is native to western North America from Alaska to New Mexico, where it grows in wet mountain habitats in alpine and subalpine regions. There are two general wild types of this species, one native to the interior and one that grows along the Pacific coast and coastal mountains, but these are not always treated separately. [1]

Description

Caltha leptosepala subsp. howellii Psychrophila leptosepala 9055.jpg
Caltha leptosepala subsp. howellii

This is a perennial herb growing a mostly naked stem with leaves located basally. The leaves are up to 13 or 15 centimeters long and may have smooth, wrinkled, or toothed edges. The inflorescence bears one or more flowers. Each flower is 1 to 4 centimeters wide and lacks petals, having instead petallike sepals which are usually white or sometimes yellow. In the center are many long, flat stamens and fewer pistils. Caltha leptosepala grows in moist to wet soils in partial shade. Its native habitats include wet alpine, subalpine meadows, stream edges and bogs. [2]

Taxonomy

Caltha leptosepala used to be assigned to the Populago (now Caltha) section with all other Northern Hemisphere species. Genetic analysis however suggests that C. leptosepala is the sister of all Southern Hemisphere species and should be moved into the Psychrophila section. Caltha leptosepala itself is a complex species that has two distinct subspecies in the southwest and southeast of its range, but in the north of its range the distinguishing sets of characters can be found in any combination, and such plants cannot be assigned to either subspecies.

Edibility

The leaves are eaten by elk, although they contain toxic alkaloids. [5]

The leaves and flower buds were eaten by some of the indigenous people of Alaska. [5]

Related Research Articles

<i>Adonis</i> (plant) Genus of flowering plants in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae

Adonis is a genus of about 20–30 species of flowering plants of the crowfoot family, Ranunculaceae, native to Europe and Asia.

<i>Caltha palustris</i> Species of flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae

Caltha palustris, known as marsh-marigold and kingcup, is a small to medium size perennial herbaceous plant of the buttercup family, native to marshes, fens, ditches and wet woodland in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. It flowers between April and August, dependent on altitude and latitude, but occasional flowers may occur at other times.

<i>Caltha</i> Genus of flowering plants

Caltha is a genus of rhizomatous perennial flowering plants in the family Ranunculaceae, to which ten species have been assigned. They occur in moist environments in temperate and cold regions of both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Their leaves are generally heart-shaped or kidney-shaped, or are characteristically diplophyllous. Flowers are star shaped and mostly yellow to white. True petals and nectaries are missing but the five or more sepals are distinctly colored. As usual in the buttercup family there is a circle of stamens around free carpels.

<i>Gentianopsis holopetala</i> Species of plant

Gentianopsis holopetala is a species of flowering plant in the gentian family known by the common names Sierra fringed gentian or just "Sierra gentian"'. It is native to the Sierra Nevada and adjacent mountains in California and Nevada, in wet meadows from 6000 to 11,000 ft in elevation. This is an annual or perennial herb, growing stems which may be anywhere from a few centimeters long to nearly half a meter, and may lay along the ground or grow erect. Its small oval or spoon-shaped leaves are mostly basal but may grow sparsely further along the stem.

<i>Phalaenopsis philippinensis</i> Species of orchid

Phalaenopsis philippinensis is an endemic species of orchid found from Luzon island in the Philippines.

<i>Parnassia fimbriata</i> Species of flowering plant

Parnassia fimbriata is a species of flowering plant in the family Celastraceae known by the common name fringed grass of Parnassus. It was first described by Joseph Banks. It is native to western North America from Alaska and northwestern Canada to the southern Rocky Mountains, where it is a plant of alpine and subalpine environments, usually in wet areas. Despite the common name, this is not a true grass.

<i>Ribes montigenum</i> Berry and plant

Ribes montigenum is a species of currant known by the common names mountain gooseberry, alpine prickly currant, western prickly gooseberry, and gooseberry currant. It is native to western North America from Washington south to California and east as far as the Rocky Mountains, where it grows in high mountain habitat types in subalpine and alpine climates, such as forests and talus. It is a spreading shrub growing up to 1.5 meters tall, the branching stems covered in prickles and hairs and bearing 1 to 5 sharp spines at intervals.

Trifolium andersonii is a species of clover known by the common names fiveleaf clover and Anderson's clover. It is native to the western United States, particularly the Great Basin and adjacent high mountain ranges, including the Sierra Nevada. It was named after Charles Lewis Anderson by Asa Gray.

<i>Arctostaphylos rubra</i> Species of flowering plant

Arctostaphylos rubra is a species of flowering plant in the heath family and the genus Arctostaphylos, the manzanitas and bearberries. Common names include red fruit bearberry, alpine bearberry, arctic bearberry, red manzanita, and ravenberry. It is native to Eurasia and northern North America from Alaska through most of Canada to Greenland. There is also one population in the contiguous United States, located in the Absaroka Mountains of Wyoming.

<i>Eucryphia milliganii</i> Species of tree

Eucryphia milliganii, also known as the dwarf leatherwood, is a shrub or small tree endemic to areas of Tasmania. It grows in western and southern Tasmania, where it is most commonly found in alpine and sub-alpine heath areas. It is the sister species of the popular horticulture plant Eucryphia lucida also known as Leatherwood..

<i>Delphinium barbeyi</i> Species of plant

Delphinium barbeyi is a species of flowering plant in the buttercup family known by the common names subalpine larkspur, tall larkspur, and Barbey's larkspur. It is native to the interior western United States, where it occurs in the states of Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming.

Caltha appendiculata is a perennial herb plant found in several countries of South America.

<i>Caltha dionaeifolia</i> Species of flowering plant

Caltha dioneaefolia is a dwarf perennial herb, of the Buttercup Family (Ranunculaceae) with apparently seated pale yellow flowers with about seven stamens and two to three free carpels and leaves that are reminiscent of those of the Venus flytrap, but very small and with leaflike appendages on the leaf. C. dioneaefolia occurs in the southern Andes of Chili and Argentina, including on Tierra del Fuego and Hermite Island.

<i>Caltha novae-zelandiae</i> Species of flowering plant

Caltha novae-zelandiae, commonly known as New Zealand marsh marigold or yellow caltha, is a small, perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the family Ranunculaceae, that grows in open vegetations in mountainous areas, and is endemic to New Zealand.

<i>Caltha obtusa</i> Species of flowering plant

Caltha obtusa; commonly known as white caltha; is a small, perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the family Ranunculaceae, that grows in open vegetations in mountainous areas, and is endemic to New Zealand’s South Island.

Caltha introloba, commonly known as the alpine marsh-marigold is a small hairless, perennial alpine herb, that is endemic to the alpine regions of Australia and Tasmania.

Caltha scaposa is a low, perennial herb with one or two yellow hermaphrodite saucer-shaped flowers. This marsh-marigold species belongs to the buttercup family, grows in moist alpine fields and is native to the eastern Himalayas and the mountains on the eastern margin of the Tibetan highland.

<i>Annona paludosa</i> Species of plant

Annona paludosa is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela. Jean Baptiste Christophore Fusée Aublet, the French pharmacist and botanist who first formally described the species, named it after its swampy habitat.

<i>Gaultheria adenothrix</i> Species of flowering plant

Gaultheria adenothrix, known as アカモノ (akamono) or イワハゼ (iwahaze), is a small evergreen shrub in the Ericaceae. It is one of three Gaultheria species native to Japan and grows in low-mountain to subalpine areas.

<i>Castilleja rhexiifolia</i> Species of flowering plant in the family Orobanchaceae

Castilleja rhexiifolia, commonly called rosy paintbrush, subalpine paintbrush, or rhexia-leaved paintbrush, is a species of plant in Orobanchaceae, commonly known as the broomrape family. They are a common flower found in moist habitats near or above timberline in the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific Northwest. Like most members of the Castilleja genus, they are partially parasitic plants.

References

  1. Flora of North America
  2. "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - The University of Texas at Austin". www.wildflower.org. Retrieved 2021-11-08.
  3. Petra G. Smit (1973). "A Revision of Caltha (Ranunculaceae)". Blumea . 21: 119–150. Retrieved 2016-01-05.
  4. Eric Schuettpelz & Sara B. Hoot (2004). "Phylogeny and biogeography of Caltha (Ranunculaceae) based on chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequences". American Journal of Botany . 91 (2): 247–253. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.2.247. PMID   21653380.
  5. 1 2 Fagan, Damian (2019). Wildflowers of Oregon: A Field Guide to Over 400 Wildflowers, Trees, and Shrubs of the Coast, Cascades, and High Desert. Guilford, CT: FalconGuides. p. 78. ISBN   978-1-4930-3633-2. OCLC   1073035766.