Centipeda

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Centipeda
Centipeda minima 3.JPG
Centipeda minima
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Subfamily: Asteroideae
Tribe: Athroismeae
Genus: Centipeda
Lour.
Synonyms [1]
  • Cotula sect. Centipeda(Lour.) Baill.
  • Centipeda sect. Sphaeromorphaea(DC.) DC. ex C.B.Clarke
  • MyriogyneLess.
  • Centipeda sect. Myriogyne(Less.) C.B.Clarke

Centipeda is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae. [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] The genus is primarily native to Australia and New Zealand, with a few species extending the range northward into Asia and across the Pacific to southern South America. [7]

Contents

Species

[1]

Research and biological activities

Volatile oils from Centipeda minima have been shown to modulate anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting inflammatory cytokines in a rat model. [8] In a related study, C. minima eased allergic rhinitis by slowing the infiltration of eosinophils and the proliferation of mast cells. [9]

A comprehensive investigation of the GC-MS chemical profile of C. cunninghamii and its biological activity showed that this species' extract contains novel compounds that possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. [10]

Phylogeny

In 2012, Nylinder et al. published an estimation of the species tree phylogeny of the Australian/New Zealand genus Centipeda (Asteraceae) based on nucleotide sequence data. [11] Centipeda racemosa (snuffweed) is the sister to remaining species, which is also the only consistently perennial representative in the genus. Centipeda pleiocephala (tall sneezeweed) and C. nidiformis (cotton sneezeweed) constitute a species pair, as does C. borealis and C. minima (spreading sneezeweed), all sharing the symplesiomorphic characters of spherical capitulum and convex receptacle with C. racemosa. Another species group comprising C. thespidioides (desert sneezeweed), Centipeda cunninghamii (old man weed, or common sneezeweed), C. crateriformis is well supported but then include the morphologically aberrant C. aotearoana, all sharing the character of having capitula that mature more slowly relative the subtending shoot. Centipeda elatinoides takes on a weakly supported intermediate position between the two mentioned groups, and is difficult to relate to any of the former groups based on morphological characters. [11]

Related Research Articles

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Petasites is a genus of flowering plants in the sunflower family, Asteraceae, that are commonly referred to as butterburs and coltsfoots. They are perennial plants with thick, creeping underground rhizomes and large rhubarb-like leaves during the growing season. Most species are native to Asia or southern Europe.

<i>Hakea</i> Genus of plants in the family Proteaceae endemic to Australia

Hakea is a genus of about 150 species of plants in the Family Proteaceae, endemic to Australia. They are shrubs or small trees with leaves that are sometimes flat, otherwise circular in cross section in which case they are sometimes divided. The flowers are usually arranged in groups in leaf axils and resemble those of other genera, especially Grevillea. Hakeas have woody fruit which distinguishes them from grevilleas which have non-woody fruit which release the seeds as they mature. Hakeas are found in every state of Australia with the highest species diversity being found in the south west of Western Australia.

<i>Prostanthera</i> Genus of plants

Prostanthera, commonly known as mintbush or mint bush, is a genus of about 100 species of flowering plants in the mint family Lamiaceae, and all are endemic to Australia. Plants are usually shrubs, rarely trees with leaves in opposite pairs. The flowers are arranged in panicles in the leaf axils or on the ends of branchlets. The sepals are joined at the base with two lobes. The petals are usually blue to purple or white, joined in a tube with two "lips", the lower lip with three lobes and the upper lip with two lobes or notched.

<i>Phaius</i> Genus of orchids

Phaius, commonly known as swamp orchids or in Chinese as 鶴頂蘭屬/鹤顶兰属 , is a genus of forty-five species of flowering plants in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. They are evergreen, terrestrial herbs which form clumps with crowded, sometimes stem-like pseudobulbs, large, pleated leaves and relatively large, often colourful flowers. Species in this genus are found in the tropical parts of Africa, Asia, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Australia, and various islands of the Pacific and Indian Oceans. One species is also naturalized in Hawaii, Florida, and the Caribbean.

<i>Centipeda cunninghamii</i> Species of plant in the family Asteraceae

Centipeda cunninghamii is a species of flowering plant in the Asteraceae family. It is referred to by the common names old man weed, being the literal translation of its Koori name gukwonderuk, common sneezeweed and scent weed which were given by European settlers but are increasingly falling out of use. The plant was used by indigenous Australians for its purported medicinal properties. It grows along the Murray River, or generally anywhere there is water, especially low lying or swampy areas. It can be identified by its unique shaped leaf and its pungent scent which is pine-like and minty.

<i>Olearia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Olearia, most commonly known as daisy-bush, is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Asteraceae, the largest of the flowering plant families in the world. Olearia are found in Australia, New Guinea and New Zealand. The genus includes herbaceous plants, shrubs and small trees. The latter are unusual among the Asteraceae and are called tree daisies in New Zealand. All bear the familiar daisy-like composite flowerheads in white, pink, mauve or purple.

<i>Pomaderris</i> Family of shrubs and trees

Pomaderris is a genus of about 80 species of flowering plants in the family Rhamnaceae, the species native to Australia and/or New Zealand. Plants in the genus Pomaderris are usually shrubs, sometimes small trees with simple leaves arranged alternately along the branches and bisexual, woolly-hairy flowers arranged in racemes or panicles. The flowers are usually yellow and often lack petals.

<i>Cassinia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Cassinia is a genus of about fifty-two species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae that are native to Australia and New Zealand. Plants in the genus Cassinia are shrubs, sometimes small trees with leaves arranged alternately, and heads of white, cream-coloured, yellow or pinkish flowers surrounded by several rows of bracts.

<i>Isotoma</i> (plant) Genus of flowering plants

Isotoma is a genus of annual and perennial herbs in the family Campanulaceae and are native to Australia and New Zealand.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Astereae</span> Tribe of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae

Astereae is a tribe of plants in the family Asteraceae that includes annuals, biennials, perennials, subshrubs, shrubs, and trees. They are found primarily in temperate regions of the world. Plants within the tribe are present nearly worldwide divided into over 250 genera and more than 3,100 species, making it the second-largest tribe in the family behind Senecioneae.

<i>Cryptandra</i> Genus of flowering plants

Cryptandra is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rhamnaceae and is endemic to Australia. Most plants in the genus Cryptandra are spiny, heath-like shrubs with small, clustered leaves and flowers crowded at the ends of branches, the flowers are usually small, surrounded by brown bracts, and with tube-shaped hypanthium, the petals hooded over the anthers.

<i>Leionema</i> Genus of shrubs

Leionema is a genus of more than 20 species of mostly small shrubs in the family Rutaceae, most of which are endemic to eastern Australia. Plants within this genus have scented foliage and clustered, star-shaped flowers which range in colour from cream to bright yellow. Prior to 1998, all species within this genus were included in the genus Phebalium.

<i>Calotis</i> Genus of flowering plants

Calotis is a genus of herbs or small shrubs in the daisy family Asteraceae. Most of the species are native to Australia, while two occur in Asia.

Camptacra is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.

Gundlachia, commonly called goldenshrub, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.

Minuria is a genus of annuals, perennials and dwarf shrubs in the tribe Astereae within the familyAsteraceae.

<i>Cyphanthera</i> Genus of flowering plants

Cyphanthera is a genus of nine species of flowering plants in the family Solanaceae and are endemic to Australia.

<i>Angianthus</i> Genus of flowering plants

Angianthus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. All species of this genus are endemic to Australia.

<i>Scapisenecio pectinatus</i> Species of flowering plant

Scapisenecio pectinatus, synonym Senecio pectinatus, commonly known as alpine groundsel, is a species of flowering plant in the aster family. The species occurs in alpine areas of south-eastern Australia in peat-based soils. It has divided leaves forming a basal rosette and produces a single yellow flower head on a stalk up to 20 cm high.

Neville Grant Walsh has worked at the National Herbarium of Victoria from 1977.

References

  1. 1 2 Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist
  2. Loureiro, João de. 1790. Flora cochinchinensis : sistens plantas in regno Cochinchina nascentes. Quibus accedunt aliae observatae in Sinensi imperio, Africa Orientali, Indiaeque locis variis. Omnes dispositae secundum systema sexuale Linnaeanum 2: 492-493 in Latin
  3. Tropicos, Centipeda Lour.
  4. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem. "Details for: Astereae". Euro+Med PlantBase. Freie Universität Berlin . Retrieved 2009-07-18.
  5. UniProt. "Tribe Astereae" . Retrieved 2009-07-18.
  6. National Herbarium of New South Wales. "Genus Centipeda". New South Wales FloraOnline. Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney . Retrieved 2013-06-17.
  7. Flora of China Vol. 20-21 Page 892 石胡荽属 shi hu sui shu Centipeda Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 2: 492. 1790.
  8. Qin, R. A.; et al. (2005). "Effects of the volatile oil of Centipeda minima on acute pleural effusion in rats induced by an intrapleural injection of car". Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 30 (15): 1192–4. PMID   16201699.
  9. Liu, Z. G.; et al. (2005). "Histopathological study on allergic rhinitis with Centipeda minima". Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 30 (4): 292–4. PMID   15724411.
  10. Beattie, Karren D. (2009). "Phytochemical studies and bioactivity of Centipeda and Eremophila species". PhD Thesis. Southern Cross University.
  11. 1 2 Nylinder, Stephan (Apr 2, 2013). "Species tree phylogeny and character evolution in the genus Centipeda (Asteraceae): Evidence from DNA sequences from coding and non-coding loci from the plastid and nuclear genomes". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 68 (2): 239–250. Bibcode:2013MolPE..68..239N. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.03.020. PMID   23558159.

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