Chrozophora

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Chrozophora
ChrozophoraTinctoria.JPG
Chrozophora tinctoria
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Subfamily: Acalyphoideae
Tribe: Chrozophoreae
Subtribe: Chrozophorinae
Genus:Chrozophora
Neck. ex A.Juss. 1824 not Pax & K. Hoffm. 1919
Type species
Chrozophora tinctoria
Synonyms [1]

Chrozophora is a plant genus of the family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1824. [2] [3] It comprises monoecious herbs or undershrubs. The genus is widespread across Europe, Africa, and Asia. [1] [4] [5] [6]

Plant multicellular eukaryote of the kingdom Plantae

Plants are mainly multicellular, predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae. Historically, plants were treated as one of two kingdoms including all living things that were not animals, and all algae and fungi were treated as plants. However, all current definitions of Plantae exclude the fungi and some algae, as well as the prokaryotes. By one definition, plants form the clade Viridiplantae, a group that includes the flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms, ferns and their allies, hornworts, liverworts, mosses and the green algae, but excludes the red and brown algae.

A genus is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, as well as viruses, in biology. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus.

Family is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy; it is classified between order and genus. A family may be divided into subfamilies, which are intermediate ranks between the ranks of family and genus. The official family names are Latin in origin; however, popular names are often used: for example, walnut trees and hickory trees belong to the family Juglandaceae, but that family is commonly referred to as being the "walnut family".

Chrozophora tinctoria produced the blue-purple colorant "turnsole" used in medieval illuminated manuscripts and as a food colorant

Turnsole

Turnsole or folium was a dyestuff prepared from the annual plant Chrozophora tinctoria.

Illuminated manuscript manuscript in which the text is supplemented by the addition of decoration

An illuminated manuscript is a manuscript in which the text is supplemented with such decoration as initials, borders (marginalia) and miniature illustrations. In the strictest definition, the term refers only to manuscripts decorated with either gold or silver; but in both common usage and modern scholarship, the term refers to any decorated or illustrated manuscript from Western traditions. Comparable Far Eastern and Mesoamerican works are described as painted. Islamic manuscripts may be referred to as illuminated, illustrated or painted, though using essentially the same techniques as Western works.

Species [1]
  1. Chrozophora brocchiana - Sahara and Sahel regions of Africa; Cape Verde
  2. Chrozophora gangetica - India
  3. Chrozophora mujunkumi - Uzbekistan
  4. Chrozophora oblongifolia - E Africa, Middle East, India, Pakistan
  5. Chrozophora plicata - Sub-Saharan Africa, Arabian Peninsula, India, Pakistan, Thailand, Myanmar, Java
  6. Chrozophora rottleri - Indian Subcontinent, Afghanistan, Indochina
  7. Chrozophora sabulosa - Arabian Peninsula, Iran, Pakistan, Central Asia, Xinjiang
  8. Chrozophora sabulosa - W Africa
  9. Chrozophora tinctoria - Mediterranean, Middle East, India, Pakistan, Central Asia
formerly included

moved to other genera (Codiaeum and Mallotus)

  1. C. mollissima - Mallotus mollissimus
  2. C. peltata - Codiaeum peltatum

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<i>Centropodia</i> genus of plants

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  1. Centropodia forsskalii(Vahl) Cope - Sahara, Middle East, Central Asia
  2. Centropodia fragilis(Guinet & Sauvage) Cope - Sahara, Sinai, Arabian Peninsula
  3. Centropodia glauca(Nees) Cope - Kenya, Botswana, Namibia, South Africa
  4. Centropodia mossamedensis(Rendle) Cope - Angola, Namibia
<i>Flueggea</i> genus of plants

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Cutandia is a genus of Asian and Mediterranean plants in the grass family. It is native to lands extending from Portugal and Cape Verde to Pakistan and Kazakhstan.

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  2. Cutandia divaricata(Desf.) Benth. - Canary Islands, Spain, Italy, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya
  3. Cutandia maritima(L.) Benth. - Mediterranean, Canary Islands
  4. Cutandia memphitica(Spreng.) Benth. - Spain, North Africa, Canary Islands, Cape Verde, Middle East, Caucasus, Arabian Peninsula, Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Central Asia
  5. Cutandia rigescens(Grossh.) Tzvelev - Caucasus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan
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Tricholaena is a genus of Asian, African, and Italian plants in the grass family.

  1. Tricholaena capensis(Licht. ex Roem. & Schult.) Nees - Free State, Namibia, Cape Province
  2. Tricholaena monachne(Trin.) Stapf & C.E.Hubb. - drier parts of Africa from Kenya to Cape Province; also Ghana, Togo, Madagascar, Réunion, Pakistan
  3. Tricholaena teneriffae(L.f.) Link - drier parts of Africa from Morocco to Egypt to Tanzania; Canary Islands; Cape Verde, Arabian Peninsula, Middle East, India, Pakistan, Calabria, Sicily
  4. Tricholaena vestita(Balf.f.) Stapf & C.E.Hubb. - Socotra

Oropetium is a genus of Asian and African plants in the grass family.

  1. Oropetium aristatum(Stapf) Pilg. - tropical West Africa
  2. Oropetium capenseStapf - Arabian Peninsula, desert and near-desert regions of Africa
  3. Oropetium minimum(Hochst.) Pilg. - Arabian Peninsula, eastern + northeastern Africa
  4. Oropetium roxburghianum(Schult.) S.M.Phillips - India
  5. Oropetium thomaeum(L.f.) Trin. - eastern + northeastern Africa, Indian Subcontinent, Myanmar, Vietnam
  6. Oropetium villosulumStapf ex Bor - India

Rhagadiolus is a genus of plants in the dandelion tribe within the daisy family, native to the Mediterranean region of southern Europe, northern Africa, and the Middle East.

  1. Rhagadiolus edulisGaertn. - from Portugal + Morocco to Iran
  2. Rhagadiolus stellatus(L.) Gaertn. - from Britain to Canary Islands + Caucasus; naturalized in California

Pseudelephantopus is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family described as a genus in 1792.

<i>Chrozophora tinctoria</i> species of plant

Chrozophora tinctoria is a plant species native to the Mediterranean, the Middle East, India, Pakistan, and Central Asia.

Cansjera is a genus of plants in the family Opiliaceae described as a genus with this name in 1789.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families".
  2. ↑ Jussieu, Adrien Henri Laurent de. 1824. De Euphorbiacearum Generibus Medicisque earumdem viribus tentamen, tabulis aeneis 18 illustratum 27
  3. ↑ "Tropicos - Name - !Chrozophora Neck. ex A. Juss". www.tropicos.org.
  4. ↑ Altervista Flora Italiana, genere Chrozophora includes photos + European distribution maps
  5. ↑ Flora of China Vol. 11 Page 223 沙戟属 sha ji shu Chrozophora Necker ex A. Jussieu, Euphorb. Gen. 27. 1824.
  6. ↑ Flora of Pakistan, Chrozophora Neck. ex A.H.L. Juss., Euph. Gen. Tent. 27. 1824.
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