Mallotus (plant)

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Mallotus
Mallotus philippensis - Kohler-s Medizinal-Pflanzen-221.jpg
Kamala tree (M. philippensis) [1]
Mallotus sp flower.jpg
flower of Mallotus sp.
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Subfamily: Acalyphoideae
Tribe: Acalypheae
Subtribe: Rottlerinae
Genus: Mallotus
Lour.
Synonyms [2]
Mallotus japonicus Mallotus japonicus1.jpg
Mallotus japonicus
Mallotus macrostachyus Mallo macrosta 090816-11142 tsa.JPG
Mallotus macrostachyus
Mallotus mollissimus Mallo mollis 170808-5307819 cmp.JPG
Mallotus mollissimus
Mallotus paniculatus Mallo panic 110212-12210 cmp.JPG
Mallotus paniculatus

Mallotus is a genus of the spurge family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1790. [4] Two species ( M. oppositifolius and M. subulatus ) are found in tropical Africa and Madagascar, while all others are found in East Asia, the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, eastern Australia, and certain islands of the western Pacific. [2] [5] [6] [7] The genus has about 150 species of dioecious trees or shrubs. [8]

Contents

Fossil record

Mallotus macrofossils have been recovered from the late Zanclean stage of Pliocene sites in Pocapaglia, Italy. [9]

Uses

Mallotus species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Endoclita malabaricus . The Kamala tree (Mallotus philippensis) has seed capsules which are the source of a yellow dye (Kamala dye) and were formerly a herbal remedy. [10]

Species

Source: [2]

  1. Mallotus actinoneurus – S Thailand, W Malaysia
  2. Mallotus anomalus – Hainan
  3. Mallotus apelta – S China
  4. Mallotus atrovirens – SW India
  5. Mallotus attenuatus – Papua New Guinea
  6. Mallotus aureopunctatus – India
  7. Mallotus barbatus – India, Indochina, S China, Malaysia, W Indonesia
  8. Mallotus beddomei – SW India
  9. Mallotus blumeanus – Java, Sumatra
  10. Mallotus brachythyrsus – Sarawak, Kalimantan
  11. Mallotus brevipetiolatus – S Thailand, W Malaysia
  12. Mallotus calocarpus – S Thailand
  13. Mallotus cambodianus – Cambodia
  14. Mallotus canii – Vietnam
  15. Mallotus caudatus – Borneo
  16. Mallotus cauliflorus – Luzon
  17. Mallotus chromocarpus – Papua New Guinea
  18. Mallotus chuyenii – Vietnam
  19. Mallotus claoxyloides - E Australia, Papua New Guinea
  20. Mallotus concinnus – Kelantan
  21. Mallotus confusus – Philippines
  22. Mallotus connatus – Philippines, Borneo
  23. Mallotus coudercii – Indochina
  24. Mallotus cumingii (Trevia ambigua) – Philippines, Borneo, Sulawesi
  25. Mallotus darbyshirei – Papua New Guinea
  26. Mallotus decipiens – Bangladesh, Indochina, W Malaysia
  27. Mallotus didymochryseus – New Guinea
  28. Mallotus discolor – E Australia
  29. Mallotus dispar – Indochina, W Malaysia, W Indonesia
  30. Mallotus dispersus – N Australia
  31. Mallotus distans – S India, Sri Lanka
  32. Mallotus dunnii – Fujian
  33. Mallotus eberhardtii – Vietnam
  34. Mallotus eriocarpus – Sri Lanka, W Malaysia
  35. Mallotus eximius – Borneo, W Malaysia
  36. Mallotus ficifolius – Queensland
  37. Mallotus floribundus – SE Asia, Papuasia
  38. Mallotus furetianus – Hainan, China
  39. Mallotus fuscescens – Sri Lanka
  40. Mallotus garrettii – N Laos, N Thailand
  41. Mallotus glabriusculus – Indochina
  42. Mallotus glomerulatus – NE Thailand
  43. Mallotus grossedentatus – Hainan
  44. Mallotus hanheoensis – Vietnam
  45. Mallotus havilandii – Sarawak
  46. Mallotus hispidospinosus – Thailand, Myanmar
  47. Mallotus hymenophyllus – S Thailand
  48. Mallotus illudens – S China
  49. Mallotus insularum – Maluku, Lesser Sunda Islands
  50. Mallotus intercedens – India
  51. Mallotus japonicus – Japan, Korea, China, Ryukyu Islands
  52. Mallotus khasianus – Assam, Indochina, S China
  53. Mallotus kongkandae – Yunnan, N Thailand
  54. Mallotus korthalsii – Philippines, Malaysia, W Indonesia
  55. Mallotus kweichowensis – Guizhou
  56. Mallotus lackeyi – Borneo, Philippines
  57. Mallotus lanceolatus – S China, Indochina
  58. Mallotus lancifolius – Andaman & Nicobar Is, Malaysia, W Indonesia
  59. Mallotus lappaceus – Myanmar
  60. Mallotus lauterbachianus – New Guinea
  61. Mallotus leptostachyus – S Myanmar, S Thailand
  62. Mallotus leucocalyx – SE Asia
  63. Mallotus leucocarpus – Assam, Myanmar
  64. Mallotus leucodermis – S Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra
  65. Mallotus lianus – Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang
  66. Mallotus longinervis – Sarawak
  67. Mallotus longipes – Myanmar
  68. Mallotus macrostachyus – S Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra
  69. Mallotus macularis – New Guinea
  70. Mallotus megadontus – Queensland
  71. Mallotus metcalfianus – N Thailand, Vietnam, Guangxi
  72. Mallotus microcarpus – S China
  73. Mallotus millietii – Guizhou
  74. Mallotus minimifructus – Borneo, Sulawesi, Philippines
  75. Mallotus miquelianus – Thailand, Borneo, Malaysia, Philippines, Sumatra
  76. Mallotus mirus – Thailand
  77. Mallotus mollissimus – Indonesia, Philippines, Papuasia, Queensland
  78. Mallotus monanthos – Pahang
  79. Mallotus montanus – S Thailand, W Malaysia
  80. Mallotus muticus – Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra
  81. Mallotus myanmaricus – Myanmar
  82. Mallotus nanus – Laos, Cambodia
  83. Mallotus neocavaleriei – Guizhou
  84. Mallotus nepalensis – Nepal, Yunnan, Myanmar, Assam, Bhutan
  85. Mallotus nesophilus – N Australia
  86. Mallotus nudiflorus (Trevia nudiflora, Trevia integerrima) – Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, S China
  87. Mallotus oppositifolius – Madagascar, tropical Africa
  88. Mallotus oreophilus – Yunnan, Sikkim
  89. Mallotus pachypodus – Myanmar
  90. Mallotus pallidus – S Thailand
  91. Mallotus paniculatus – Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, S China, Queensland, Papuasia
  92. Mallotus peltatus – Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, S China, Papuasia
  93. Mallotus philippensis – Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, S China, Papuasia, Ryukyu Islands
  94. Mallotus pierrei – Thailand, Vietnam
  95. Mallotus pleiogynus – New Guinea
  96. Mallotus plicatus – Indochina
  97. Mallotus poilanei – Vietnam
  98. Mallotus polyadenos – New Guinea, Queensland
  99. Mallotus polycarpus – W India
  100. Mallotus puber – Solomon Islands
  101. Mallotus repandus – Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, S China, Papuasia, New Caledonia
  102. Mallotus resinosus – Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, Papuasia, Queensland
  103. Mallotus rhamnifolius – S India, Sri Lanka
  104. Mallotus roxburghianus – E Himalayas
  105. Mallotus rufidulus – W Indonesia
  106. Mallotus sathavensis – Vietnam
  107. Mallotus sphaerocarpus – Sumatra
  108. Mallotus spinifructus – Kalimantan
  109. Mallotus stewardii – E China
  110. Mallotus subcuneatus – S Thailand, W Malaysia
  111. Mallotus subjaponicus – Anhui
  112. Mallotus subulatus – W + C Africa
  113. Mallotus sumatranus – Sumatra, Borneo
  114. Mallotus surculosus – Cape York Peninsula
  115. Mallotus taoyuanensis – Hunan
  116. Mallotus tetracoccus – Indian Subcontinent, Thailand, Myanmar, Yunnan
  117. Mallotus thorelii – Indochina
  118. Mallotus thunbergianus – Sri Lanka
  119. Mallotus tiliifolius – Hainan, SE Asia, Papuasia, Micronesia, Taiwan
  120. Mallotus trinervius – New Guinea
  121. Mallotus ustulatus – Cambodia
  122. Mallotus wrayi – Sumatra, Borneo, W Malaysia
  123. Mallotus yunnanensis – Yunnan

Formerly included

Source: [2]

Some species have been moved to other genera, namely: Acalypha Aleurites Blumeodendron Chondrostylis Cleidion Croton Discocleidion Endospermum Hancea Lasiococca Macaranga Melanolepis Neoboutonia Plukenetia Ptychopyxis Rockinghamia Spathiostemon Sumbaviopsis.

  1. M. affinis – Macaranga lowii
  2. M. angulatus – Melanolepis multiglandulosa
  3. M. angustifolius – Rockinghamia angustifolia
  4. M. arboreus – Ptychopyxis arborea
  5. M. arboreus var. platyphyllus – Ptychopyxis kingii
  6. M. auriculatus – Macaranga lowii
  7. M. baillonianus – Hancea acuminata
  8. M. brevipesMerr. 1915 – Lasiococca brevipes
  9. M. brevipesPax ex Engl. 1895 – Acalypha neptunica
  10. M. calcosus – Melanolepis multiglandulosa
  11. M. calvus – Spathiostemon javensis
  12. M. capensis – Macaranga capensis
  13. M. capuronii – Hancea capuronii
  14. M. caput-medusae – Ptychopyxis caput-medusae
  15. M. cavaleriei – Discocleidion rufescens
  16. M. chrysanthus – Ptychopyxis chrysantha
  17. M. cordatifolius – Hancea cordatifolia
  18. M. dallachyi – Macaranga dallachyana
  19. M. diadenus – Endospermum diadenum
  20. M. echinatus – Hancea penangensis
  21. M. eglandulosus – Spathiostemon javensis
  22. M. eucaustus – Hancea eucausta
  23. M. geloniifolius – Cleidion javanicum
  24. M. glaberrimus – Macaranga glaberrima
  25. M. grandistipularis – Hancea grandistipularis
  26. M. griffithianus – Hancea griffithiana
  27. M. hellwigianus – Melanolepis multiglandulosa
  28. M. henryi – Macaranga henryi
  29. M. hirsutus – Hancea hirsuta
  30. M. hollrungianus – Melanolepis multiglandulosa
  31. M. hookerianus – Hancea hookeriana
  32. M. hookerianus var. papuanus – Hancea papuana
  33. M. impar – Hancea griffithiana
  34. M. inamoenus – Macaranga inamoena
  35. M. integrifolius – Hancea integrifolia
  36. M. kingii – Hancea kingii
  37. M. kunstleri – Chondrostylis kunstleri
  38. M. kurzii – Blumeodendron kurzii
  39. M. leptophyllus – Hancea penangensis
  40. M. longistylus – Hancea longistyla
  41. M. maingayi – Macaranga pruinosa
  42. M. melleri – Neoboutonia melleri
  43. M. minahassae – Croton oblongus
  44. M. moluccanus – Aleurites moluccanus
  45. M. moluccanus var. glabratus – Melanolepis multiglandulosa
  46. M. moluccanus var. pendulus – Melanolepis multiglandulosa
  47. M. multiglandulosus – Melanolepis multiglandulosa
  48. M. nitidus – Cleidion nitidum
  49. M. papuanus – Hancea papuana
  50. M. papuanus var. glabrescens – Hancea penangensis
  51. M. papuanus var. intermedius – Hancea penangensis
  52. M. penangensis – Hancea penangensis
  53. M. populifolius – Macaranga hemsleyana
  54. M. preussii – Plukenetia conophora
  55. M. pseudopenangensis – Hancea penangensis
  56. M. pseudoverticillatus – Lasiococca comberi
  57. M. ramosii – Cleidion ramosii
  58. M. samarensis – Cleidion ramosii
  59. M. sarawakensis – Hancea penangensis
  60. M. speciosus – Sumbaviopsis albicans
  61. M. spinulosus – Hancea spinulosa
  62. M. stipularis – Hancea stipularis
  63. M. subpeltatus – Hancea subpeltata
  64. M. tenuipes – Hancea penangensis
  65. M. tsiangii – Macaranga lowii
  66. M. vernicosus – Blumeodendron tokbrai
  67. M. vitifolius – Melanolepis vitifolia
  68. M. wenzelianus – Hancea wenzeliana
  69. M. woodii – Hancea griffithiana
  70. M. xylacanthus – Hancea penangensis
  71. M. yifengensis – Croton lachnocarpus

Notes

  1. ↑ One anagram of this genus name yields Wetriaria , another genus of Euphorbiaceae. [3]

References

  1. ↑ 1897 illustration from Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen
  2. 1 2 3 4 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  3. ↑ Burkhardt, Lotte (2018-06-06). Verzeichnis eponymischer Pflanzennamen – Erweiterte Edition. Index of Eponymic Plant Names – Extended Edition. Index de Noms éponymiques des Plantes – Édition augmentée (in German). Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin. p. A7. doi:10.3372/epolist2018. ISBN   978-3-946292-26-5. S2CID   187926901.
  4. ↑ Loureiro, João de. 1790. Flora Cochinchinensis 601, 635
  5. ↑ Flora of China Vol. 11 Page 225 野桐属 ye tong shu Mallotus Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 2: 635. 1790.
  6. ↑ Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000). World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 1–4: 1–1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  7. ↑ Sierra, S.E.C. & Van Welzen, P.C. (2005). A taxonomic revision of Mallotus section Mallotus (Euphorbiaceae) in Malesia. Blumea 50: 249–274.
  8. ↑ Yamasaki, Eri; Sakai, Shoko (2013). "Wind and insect pollination (Ambophily) of Mallotus spp. (Euphorbiaceae) in tropical and temperate forests". Australian Journal of Botany. 61: 60. doi:10.1071/BT12202. hdl: 2433/173327 .
  9. ↑ Messian to Zanclean vegetation and climate of Northern and Central Italy by Adele Bertini & Edoardo Martinetto, Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana, 47 (2), 2008, 105–121. Modena, 11 lugio 2008.
  10. ↑ "Banato / Mallotus philippensis / Kamala". Philippine Medicinal Herbs. Retrieved 2024-06-22.
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