Mallotus (plant)

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Mallotus
Mallotus philippensis - Kohler-s Medizinal-Pflanzen-221.jpg
Kamala tree (M. philippensis) [1]
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Subfamily: Acalyphoideae
Tribe: Acalypheae
Subtribe: Rottlerinae
Genus: Mallotus
Lour.
Synonyms [2]
Mallotus japonicus Mallotus japonicus1.jpg
Mallotus japonicus
Mallotus macrostachyus Mallo macrosta 090816-11142 tsa.JPG
Mallotus macrostachyus
Mallotus mollissimus Mallo mollis 170808-5307819 cmp.JPG
Mallotus mollissimus
Mallotus paniculatus Mallo panic 110212-12210 cmp.JPG
Mallotus paniculatus

Mallotus is a genus of the spurge family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1790. [4] Two species ( M. oppositifolius and M. subulatus ) are found in tropical Africa and Madagascar. All the other species are found in East Asia, the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, eastern Australia, and certain islands of the western Pacific. [2] [5] [6] [7] The genus has about 150 species of dioecious trees or shrubs. [8]

Contents

Fossil record

Mallotus macrofossils have been recovered from the late Zanclean stage of Pliocene sites in Pocapaglia, Italy. [9]

Uses

Mallotus species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Endoclita malabaricus . The Kamala tree (Mallotus philippensis) has hairs of whose seed capsule which are the source of a yellow dye (kamala dye) and (formerly) herbal remedy.

Species [2]

  1. Mallotus actinoneurus - S Thailand, W Malaysia
  2. Mallotus anomalus - Hainan
  3. Mallotus apelta - S China
  4. Mallotus atrovirens - SW India
  5. Mallotus attenuatus - Papua New Guinea
  6. Mallotus aureopunctatus - India
  7. Mallotus barbatus - India, Indochina, S China, Malaysia, W Indonesia
  8. Mallotus beddomei - SW India
  9. Mallotus blumeanus - Java, Sumatra
  10. Mallotus brachythyrsus - Sarawak, Kalimantan
  11. Mallotus brevipetiolatus - S Thailand, W Malaysia
  12. Mallotus calocarpus - S Thailand
  13. Mallotus cambodianus - Cambodia
  14. Mallotus canii - Vietnam
  15. Mallotus caudatus - Borneo
  16. Mallotus cauliflorus - Luzon
  17. Mallotus chromocarpus - Papua New Guinea
  18. Mallotus chuyenii - Vietnam
  19. Mallotus claoxyloides - E Australia, Papua New Guinea
  20. Mallotus concinnus - Kelantan
  21. Mallotus confusus - Philippines
  22. Mallotus connatus - Philippines, Borneo
  23. Mallotus coudercii - Indochina
  24. Mallotus cumingii - Philippines, Borneo, Sulawesi
  25. Mallotus darbyshirei - Papua New Guinea
  26. Mallotus decipiens - Bangladesh, Indochina, W Malaysia
  27. Mallotus didymochryseus - New Guinea
  28. Mallotus discolor - E Australia
  29. Mallotus dispar - Indochina, W Malaysia, W Indonesia
  30. Mallotus dispersus - N Australia
  31. Mallotus distans - S India, Sri Lanka
  32. Mallotus dunnii - Fujian
  33. Mallotus eberhardtii - Vietnam
  34. Mallotus eriocarpus - Sri Lanka, W Malaysia
  35. Mallotus eximius - Borneo, W Malaysia
  36. Mallotus ficifolius - Queensland
  37. Mallotus floribundus - SE Asia, Papuasia
  38. Mallotus fuscescens - Sri Lanka
  39. Mallotus garrettii - N Laos, N Thailand
  40. Mallotus glabriusculus - Indochina
  41. Mallotus glomerulatus - NE Thailand
  42. Mallotus grossedentatus - Hainan
  43. Mallotus hanheoensis - Vietnam
  44. Mallotus havilandii - Sarawak
  45. Mallotus hispidospinosus - Thailand, Myanmar
  46. Mallotus hymenophyllus - S Thailand
  47. Mallotus illudens - S China
  48. Mallotus insularum - Maluku, Lesser Sunda Islands
  49. Mallotus intercedens - India
  50. Mallotus japonicus - Japan, Korea, China, Ryukyu Islands
  51. Mallotus khasianus - Assam, Indochina, S China
  52. Mallotus kongkandae - Yunnan, N Thailand
  53. Mallotus korthalsii - Philippines, Malaysia, W Indonesia
  54. Mallotus kweichowensis - Guizhou
  55. Mallotus lackeyi - Borneo, Philippines
  56. Mallotus lanceolatus - S China, Indochina
  57. Mallotus lancifolius - Andaman & Nicobar Is, Malaysia, W Indonesia
  58. Mallotus lappaceus - Myanmar
  59. Mallotus lauterbachianus - New Guinea
  60. Mallotus leptostachyus - S Myanmar, S Thailand
  61. Mallotus leucocalyx - SE Asia
  62. Mallotus leucocarpus - Assam, Myanmar
  63. Mallotus leucodermis - S Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra
  64. Mallotus lianus - Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang
  65. Mallotus longinervis - Sarawak
  66. Mallotus longipes - Myanmar
  67. Mallotus macrostachyus - S Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra
  68. Mallotus macularis - New Guinea
  69. Mallotus megadontus - Queensland
  70. Mallotus metcalfianus - N Thailand, Vietnam, Guangxi
  71. Mallotus microcarpus - S China
  72. Mallotus millietii - Guizhou
  73. Mallotus minimifructus - Borneo, Sulawesi, Philippines
  74. Mallotus miquelianus - Thailand, Borneo, Malaysia, Philippines, Sumatra
  75. Mallotus mirus - Thailand
  76. Mallotus mollissimus - Indonesia, Philippines, Papuasia, Queensland
  77. Mallotus monanthos - Pahang
  78. Mallotus montanus - S Thailand, W Malaysia
  79. Mallotus muticus - Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra
  80. Mallotus myanmaricus - Myanmar
  81. Mallotus nanus - Laos, Cambodia
  82. Mallotus neocavaleriei - Guizhou
  83. Mallotus nepalensis - Nepal, Yunnan, Myanmar, Assam, Bhutan
  84. Mallotus nesophilus - N Australia
  85. Mallotus nudiflorus - Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, S China
  86. Mallotus oppositifolius - Madagascar, tropical Africa
  87. Mallotus oreophilus - Yunnan, Sikkim
  88. Mallotus pachypodus - Myanmar
  89. Mallotus pallidus - S Thailand
  90. Mallotus paniculatus - Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, S China, Queensland, Papuasia
  91. Mallotus peltatus - Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, S China, Papuasia
  92. Mallotus philippensis - Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, S China, Papuasia, Ryukyu Islands
  93. Mallotus pierrei - Thailand, Vietnam
  94. Mallotus pleiogynus - New Guinea
  95. Mallotus plicatus - Indochina
  96. Mallotus poilanei - Vietnam
  97. Mallotus polyadenos - New Guinea, Queensland
  98. Mallotus polycarpus - W India
  99. Mallotus puber - Solomon Islands
  100. Mallotus repandus - Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, S China, Papuasia, New Caledonia
  101. Mallotus resinosus - Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, Papuasia, Queensland
  102. Mallotus rhamnifolius - S India, Sri Lanka
  103. Mallotus roxburghianus - E Himalayas
  104. Mallotus rufidulus - W Indonesia
  105. Mallotus sathavensis - Vietnam
  106. Mallotus sphaerocarpus - Sumatra
  107. Mallotus spinifructus - Kalimantan
  108. Mallotus stewardii - E China
  109. Mallotus subcuneatus - S Thailand, W Malaysia
  110. Mallotus subjaponicus - Anhui
  111. Mallotus subulatus - W + C Africa
  112. Mallotus sumatranus - Sumatra, Borneo
  113. Mallotus surculosus - Cape York Peninsula
  114. Mallotus taoyuanensis - Hunan
  115. Mallotus tetracoccus - Indian Subcontinent, Thailand, Myanmar, Yunnan
  116. Mallotus thorelii - Indochina
  117. Mallotus thunbergianus - Sri Lanka
  118. Mallotus tiliifolius - Hainan, SE Asia, Papuasia, Micronesia, Taiwan
  119. Mallotus trinervius - New Guinea
  120. Mallotus ustulatus - Cambodia
  121. Mallotus wrayi - - Sumatra, Borneo, W Malaysia
  122. Mallotus yunnanensis - Yunnan

Formerly included [2]

moved to other genera (Acalypha Aleurites Blumeodendron Chondrostylis Cleidion Croton Discocleidion Endospermum Hancea Lasiococca Macaranga Melanolepis Neoboutonia Plukenetia Ptychopyxis Rockinghamia Spathiostemon Sumbaviopsis )

  1. M. affinis - Macaranga lowii
  2. M. angulatus - Melanolepis multiglandulosa
  3. M. angustifolius - Rockinghamia angustifolia
  4. M. arboreus - Ptychopyxis arborea
  5. M. arboreus var. platyphyllus - Ptychopyxis kingii
  6. M. auriculatus - Macaranga lowii
  7. M. baillonianus - Hancea acuminata
  8. M. brevipesMerr. 1915 - Lasiococca brevipes
  9. M. brevipesPax ex Engl. 1895 - Acalypha neptunica
  10. M. calcosus - Melanolepis multiglandulosa
  11. M. calvus - Spathiostemon javensis
  12. M. capensis - Macaranga capensis
  13. M. capuronii - Hancea capuronii
  14. M. caput-medusae - Ptychopyxis caput-medusae
  15. M. cavaleriei - Discocleidion rufescens
  16. M. chrysanthus - Ptychopyxis chrysantha
  17. M. cordatifolius - Hancea cordatifolia
  18. M. dallachyi - Macaranga dallachyana
  19. M. diadenus - Endospermum diadenum
  20. M. echinatus - Hancea penangensis
  21. M. eglandulosus - Spathiostemon javensis
  22. M. eucaustus - Hancea eucausta
  23. M. geloniifolius - Cleidion javanicum
  24. M. glaberrimus - Macaranga glaberrima
  25. M. grandistipularis - Hancea grandistipularis
  26. M. griffithianus - Hancea griffithiana
  27. M. hellwigianus - Melanolepis multiglandulosa
  28. M. henryi - Macaranga henryi
  29. M. hirsutus - Hancea hirsuta
  30. M. hollrungianus - Melanolepis multiglandulosa
  31. M. hookerianus - Hancea hookeriana
  32. M. hookerianus var. papuanus - Hancea papuana
  33. M. impar - Hancea griffithiana
  34. M. inamoenus - Macaranga inamoena
  35. M. integrifolius - Hancea integrifolia
  36. M. kingii - Hancea kingii
  37. M. kunstleri - Chondrostylis kunstleri
  38. M. kurzii - Blumeodendron kurzii
  39. M. leptophyllus - Hancea penangensis
  40. M. longistylus - Hancea longistyla
  41. M. maingayi - Macaranga pruinosa
  42. M. melleri - Neoboutonia melleri
  43. M. minahassae - Croton oblongus
  44. M. moluccanus - Aleurites moluccanus
  45. M. moluccanus var. glabratus - Melanolepis multiglandulosa
  46. M. moluccanus var. pendulus - Melanolepis multiglandulosa
  47. M. multiglandulosus - Melanolepis multiglandulosa
  48. M. nitidus - Cleidion nitidum
  49. M. papuanus - Hancea papuana
  50. M. papuanus var. glabrescens - Hancea penangensis
  51. M. papuanus var. intermedius - Hancea penangensis
  52. M. penangensis - Hancea penangensis
  53. M. populifolius - Macaranga hemsleyana
  54. M. preussii - Plukenetia conophora
  55. M. pseudopenangensis - Hancea penangensis
  56. M. pseudoverticillatus - Lasiococca comberi
  57. M. ramosii - Cleidion ramosii
  58. M. samarensis - Cleidion ramosii
  59. M. sarawakensis - Hancea penangensis
  60. M. speciosus - Sumbaviopsis albicans
  61. M. spinulosus - Hancea spinulosa
  62. M. stipularis - Hancea stipularis
  63. M. subpeltatus - Hancea subpeltata
  64. M. tenuipes - Hancea penangensis
  65. M. tsiangii - Macaranga lowii
  66. M. vernicosus - Blumeodendron tokbrai
  67. M. vitifolius - Melanolepis vitifolia
  68. M. wenzelianus - Hancea wenzeliana
  69. M. woodii - Hancea griffithiana
  70. M. xylacanthus - Hancea penangensis
  71. M. yifengensis - Croton lachnocarpus

Notes

  1. One anagram of this genus name yields Wetriaria , another genus of Euphorbiaceae. [3]

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References

  1. 1897 illustration from Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen
  2. 1 2 3 4 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  3. Burkhardt, Lotte (2018-06-06). Verzeichnis eponymischer Pflanzennamen - Erweiterte Edition. Index of Eponymic Plant Names - Extended Edition. Index de Noms éponymiques des Plantes - Édition augmentée (in German). Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin. p. A7. doi:10.3372/epolist2018. ISBN   978-3-946292-26-5. S2CID   187926901.
  4. Loureiro, João de. 1790. Flora Cochinchinensis 601, 635
  5. Flora of China Vol. 11 Page 225 野桐属 ye tong shu Mallotus Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 2: 635. 1790.
  6. Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000). World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 1-4: 1-1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  7. Sierra, S.E.C. & Van Welzen, P.C. (2005). A taxonomic revision of Mallotus section Mallotus (Euphorbiaceae) in Malesia. Blumea 50: 249-274.
  8. Yamasaki, Eri; Sakai, Shoko (2013). "Wind and insect pollination (Ambophily) of Mallotus spp. (Euphorbiaceae) in tropical and temperate forests". Australian Journal of Botany. 61: 60. doi:10.1071/BT12202. hdl: 2433/173327 .
  9. Messian to Zanclean vegetation and climate of Northern and Central Italy by Adele Bertini & Edoardo Martinetto, Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana, 47 (2), 2008, 105-121. Modena, 11 lugio 2008.