Cochlospermum fraseri | |
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LC (TPWCA) | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Malvales |
Family: | Bixaceae |
Genus: | Cochlospermum |
Species: | C. fraseri |
Binomial name | |
Cochlospermum fraseri | |
Occurrence data from AVH | |
Synonyms [1] | |
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Cochlospermum fraseri is a tree in the family Bixaceae with common names cotton tree, kapok bush, and kapok tree. [2] It is native to north western Australia (in Western Australia [3] and the Northern Territory [4] ).
French botanist Jules Émile Planchon described this species in 1847 from Melville Island off the north coast of Australia. [5] Two subspecies are recognised: subspecies fraseri, found mainly from Katherine to Melville Island, has smooth leaves and 2 mm-long bracts, and subspecies heteronemum, from Katherine west to the Ord River, has finely furred leaves and 40–58 mm-long bracts. [4]
Cochlospermum fraseri is a deciduous [3] tree or shrub which can grow to 7 m tall. [4] It flowers from April to October [4] (March to August [3] ), the inflorescence being a terminal panicle. [4] The flower is asymmetric, having five sepals in two whorls, with the outer two sepals being shorter than the inner three. [6] It has numerous stamens. [4] The flowers often appear when the plant has no leaves. [7] It fruits from June to March, with the fruit being a woody capsule having 3 to 5 valves. [4] The seed is surrounded by fluffy, "cottony" threads, [8] giving rise to the common name, kapok tree.
It is found in the bioregions of Central Kimberley, Dampierland, Gulf Fall and Uplands, Northern Kimberley, Ord Victoria Plain, Pine Creek, Victoria Bonaparte in the Northern Territory., [4] and the bioregions of Central Kimberley, Dampierland, Great Sandy Desert, Northern Kimberley, Ord Victoria Plain, Victoria Bonaparte in Western Australia. [3]
Cochlospermum fraseri grows in open eucalypt woodland on a variety of soils, including sands, gravelly soils, and heavy clay soils. [4]
The indigenous people of northern Australia would eat the flowers, either raw or cooked, and the roots of young plants. [7] They also used to use the fluff from the seeds as body decoration. [8]
This plant is a "calendar" plant of the Jawoyn people: flowering indicates when freshwater crocodiles are laying eggs, fruiting the time for collecting them. [8]
Kapok tree can refer to several plants with seeds that grow long hairs:
The Cochlospermaceae were a family of two genera and 20-25 species of trees and shrubs, first described by Jules Émile Planchon in 1847. They have been included in the Bixaceae from the APG III system onwards. The older APG II system treated this family as an optional segregate of Bixaceae. They occur widely throughout the tropical regions of the world, but are curiously absent from Malaysia. Most species in this family are mesophytic or xerophytic, growing primarily in drier climates.
Cochlospermum is a genus of trees in the Bixaceae family; some classifications place this genus in the family Cochlospermaceae. It is native to tropical regions of the world, particularly Latin America, Africa, the Indian Subcontinent, and Australia.
Eucalyptus miniata, commonly known as the Darwin woollybutt or woolewoorrng, is a species of medium-sized to tall tree that is endemic to northern Australia. It has rough, fibrous, brownish bark on the trunk, smooth greyish bark above. Adult leaves are lance-shaped, the flower buds are ribbed and arranged in groups of seven, the flowers orange or scarlet and the fruit is cylindrical to barrel-shaped or urn-shaped, with ribs along the sides.
Eucalyptus microtheca, commonly known as the coolibah, is a species of tree that is endemic to northern Australia. It has rough, flaky or fibrous bark on the trunk and branches, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and spherical to conical fruit. It is widely distributed from the Kimberley region of Western Australia to Cape York in Queensland.
Acacia platycarpa, commonly known as the pindan wattle or ghost wattle, is a species of plant in the legume family that is native to northern Australia from Western Australia through the Northern Territory to Queensland.
Acacia adoxa, commonly known as the grey-whorled wattle, is a species of plant in the legume family that is native to northern Australia.
Corymbia flavescens, commonly known as cabbage ghost gum, bastard ghost gum, scraggy cabbage gum, or wrinkle-leaf ghost gum, is a species of tree that is endemic to northern Australia. It has smooth powdery bark, egg-shaped to lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of three, white flowers and variably-shaped fruit. The Jaru peoples know it as warlarri.
Grevillea refracta, commonly known as the silver-leaf grevillea, is a species of plant in the protea family that is native to northern Australia.
Lysiphyllum cunninghamii is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae. It is native to northern Australia where it occurs from Western Australia through the Northern Territory to Queensland.
Premna acuminata, commonly known as the firestick tree, or ngalinginkil in the Bardi language, is a species of plant in the mint family. It is native to northern Australia where it occurs from Western Australia through the Northern Territory to Queensland.
Atalaya hemiglauca, commonly known as whitewood or cattle bush, is a species of plant in the soapberry (Sapindaceae) family. It is native to northern and inland Australia where it occurs from Western Australia through the Northern Territory and South Australia to Queensland and northern New South Wales.
Gardenia pyriformis, commonly known as malara, native gardenia or turpentine tree, is a species of plant in the coffee family. It is native to northern Australia where it occurs from the Kimberley region of north-western Western Australia, across the Top End of the Northern Territory to northern Queensland.
Pavetta kimberleyana is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is native to northern Australia where it is largely restricted to the Kimberley region of north-western Western Australia.
Dodonaea hispidula is a species of flowering plant in the hop-bush genus of the soapberry family. It is native to tropical northern Australia, where it occurs from the Kimberley region of north-western Western Australia, across the Top End of the Northern Territory, to northern Queensland. In Western Australia it is found in the Central Kimberley, Dampierland, Northern Kimberley, Ord Victoria Plain and Victoria Bonaparte IBRA bioregions.
Ficus coronulata, commonly known as the peach-leaf fig, and in the Northern Territory as river fig and crown fig, is one of several fig species commonly known as sandpaper figs. It is native to Western Australia and the Northern Territory.
Cochlospermum gillivraei is a tree in the family Bixaceae, with the common name kapok. It is native to Northern Australia.
Scaevola browniana is a shrub in the family Goodeniaceae, endemic to Western Australia, the Northern Territory and Queensland.
Alysicarpus schomburgkii is a species of pea found in Australia, in the Northern Territory, Queensland, and Western Australia. It was first described in 1926 by Anton Schindler from four specimens: two collected at Port Darwin and the others from north Queensland.
Goodenia azurea, commonly known as blue goodenia, is a species of flowering plant in the family Goodeniaceae and is endemic to northern Australia. It is an erect, dense, spreading or sprawling, glaucous, perennial herb with egg-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, racemes or thyrses of bluish-purple flowers with leaf-like bracts, and oval to cylindrical fruit.
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