Colutea

Colutea
Colutea orientalis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Fabales
Family:	Fabaceae
Subfamily:	Faboideae
Tribe:	Galegeae
Subtribe:	Astragalinae
Genus:	Colutea L. (1753)
Species
See text.
Synonyms [1]
BaguenaudieraBubani (1899) Oreophysa(Bunge ex Boiss.) Bornm. (1905)

Colutea is a genus of about 28 species of deciduous flowering shrubs in the legume family, Fabaceae, growing from 2–5 metres (6+1⁄2–16+1⁄2 ft) tall and native to the Old World. They are sometimes called bladder sennas, although they are not particularly closely related to the true sennas.

Description

The leaves are pinnate and light green to glaucous grey-green. The flowers are yellow to orange, pea-shaped and produced in racemes throughout the summer. These are followed by the attractive inflated seed pods which change from pale green to red or copper in colour.

Species

As of April 2023 ^[update] , Plants of the World Online accepted the following species: ^[2]

• Colutea abyssinica Kunth & C.D.Bouché
• Colutea acutifolia Shap.
• Colutea afghanica Browicz
• Colutea arborescens L.
• Colutea armata Hemsl. & Lace
• Colutea armena Boiss. & A.Huet
• Colutea atabajevii B.Fedtsch.
• Colutea atlantica Browicz
• Colutea brachyptera Sumnev.
• Colutea brevialata Lange
• Colutea buhsei (Boiss.) Shap.
• Colutea cilicica Boiss. & Balansa
• Colutea delavayi Franch.
• Colutea gifana Parsa
• Colutea gracilis Freyn & Sint.
• Colutea insularis Browicz
• Colutea istria Mill.
• Colutea jamnolenkoi Shap.
• Colutea komarovii Takht.
• Colutea melanocalyx Boiss. & Heldr.
• Colutea multiflora Shap. ex Ali
• Colutea nepalensis Sims
• Colutea orientalis Mill.
• Colutea paulsenii Freyn
• Colutea persica Boiss.
• Colutea porphyrogramma Rech.f.
• Colutea triphylla Bunge ex Boiss.
• Colutea uniflora Beck ex Stapf
• Colutea × variabilis Browicz

Distribution and habitat

The genus is native to southern Europe, north Africa and southwest Asia.

Ecology

Colutea species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Coleophora colutella .

Cultivation

Colutea arborescens, is in general cultivation in the UK. It was imported early, before 1568, probably for medicinal purposes, ^[3] but now is grown mostly for its attractive seed pods, used in dried arrangements. Though in Virginia Thomas Jefferson had it and it appears in Lady Jean Skipwith's lists of plants, ^[4] in US gardens, it is little more than a marginal curiosity. ^[5]

Colutea arborescens will grow in poor sandy soils in preference to heavy or loamy soils. It has become naturalised in the UK, where it established itself in the sharp drainage of railway embankments. ^[6] It is easy to propagate from seed. It is generally pest resistant, though garden snails will climb up the plant in wet weather to eat the leaves. The hybrid Colutea × media (C. arborescens × C. orientalis ) is also cultivated for its coppery flowers.

Uses

The Bedouins of the Sinai and Negev would, in times of scarcity, eat the seeds of C. istria. ^[7]

References

1. Colutea L. Plants of the World Online . Retrieved 1 August 2023.
2. "Colutea L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
3. Alice M. Coats, Garden Shrubs and Their Histories (1964) 1992, s.v. "Colutea'.
4. Ann Leighton, American Gardens in the 18th Century: 'For Use or For Delight' (1976:477, "Senna: Colutea arborescens"
5. "In America, Colutea is not generally grown as an ornamental plant", is the succinct note of John L. Creech in Coats 1992; "actually a weed shrub... its only desirable quality is its apparent ease to grow in almost anysoli", remarks Donald Wyman, Wyman's Gardening Encyclopedia, s.v. "Colutea".
6. Noted by Coats (1964) 1992.
7. Bailey, Clinton; Danin, Avinoam (1981). "Bedouin Plant Utilization in Sinai and the Negev". Economic Botany. 35 (2). Springer on behalf of New York Botanical Garden Press: 154. Bibcode:1981EcBot..35..145B. doi:10.1007/BF02858682. JSTOR   4254272.

• The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening ed. A. Huxley, 1992.