Corallorhiza trifida

Last updated

Corallorhiza trifida
Corallorrhiza trifida 05 mg-k.jpg
Status TNC G5.svg
Secure  (NatureServe) [2]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Epidendroideae
Genus: Corallorhiza
Species:
C. trifida
Binomial name
Corallorhiza trifida
Châtel.
Synonyms [3]
List
    • Corallorhiza corallorhiza
    • Corallorhiza innata
    • Cymbidium corallorhiza
    • Epidendrum corallorhizon
    • Epipactis corallorhiza
    • Helleborine corallorhiza
    • Neottia corallorhiza
    • Ophrys corallorhiza

Corallorhiza trifida, commonly known as early coralroot, northern coralroot, or yellow coralroot, is a coralroot orchid native to North America and Eurasia, with a circumboreal distribution. The species has been reported from the United States, Canada, Russia, China, Japan, Korea, India, Nepal, Kashmir, Pakistan, and almost every country in Europe. [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11]

Contents

Description

Corallorhiza trifida is yellowish green in color, leafless, and partially myco-heterotrophic, deriving some, but not all of its nutrients from association with fungi of genus Tomentella . [12] It also contains chlorophyll, with which it supplies some of its own carbon nutrition via autotrophy. [12]

Taxonomy

Corallorhiza trifida was scientifically named by Jean Jacques Châtelain in 1760. It is classified in the genus Corallorhiza as part of the Orchidaceae family. It has no accepted subspecies or varieties, but it has 35 synonyms. [3]

Table of Synonyms [3]
NameYearRankNotes
Corallorhiza anandaeMalhotra & Balodi1984species= het.
Corallorhiza corallorhiza(L.) H.Karst.1886species≡ hom., not validly publ.
Corallorhiza corallorhiza subsp. coloradensisCockerell1916subspecies= het., not validly publ.
Corallorhiza dentataHost1831species= het.
Corallorhiza ericetorumDrejer1843species= het.
Corallorhiza halleriRich.1817species= het.
Corallorhiza innataR.Br.1813species≡ hom.
Corallorhiza innata var. discolorRchb.1830variety= het.
Corallorhiza innata subsp. ericetorum(Drejer) Nyman1882subspecies= het.
Corallorhiza innata var. ericetorum(Drejer) Rchb.f.1851variety= het.
Corallorhiza innata var. virescens(Drejer) Farr1904variety= het.
Corallorhiza intactaCham. & Schltdl.1828species= het., orth. var.
Corallorhiza integraChâtel.1760species= het.
Corallorhiza jacquemontiiDecne.1844species= het.
Corallorhiza nemoralisSw. ex Nyman1882species= het., not validly publ.
Corallorhiza neottiaScop.1771species= het.
Corallorhiza occidentalisBach.Pyl.1826species= het.
Corallorhiza trifida var. ericetorum(Drejer) Rchb.f.1851variety= het.
Corallorhiza trifida f. ericetorum(Drejer) Soó1928form= het.
Corallorhiza trifida var. integra(Châtel.) Schinz & Thell.1914variety= het.
Corallorhiza trifida f. integra(Châtel.) Soó1928form= het.
Corallorhiza trifida f. suaveolensBordz.1950form= het.
Corallorhiza trifida var. verna(Nutt.) Fernald1946variety= het.
Corallorhiza trifida f. verna(Nutt.) P.M.Br.2006form= het.
Corallorhiza trifida subsp. virescens(Drejer) Løjtnant1996subspecies= het.
Corallorhiza trifida var. virescens(Drejer) Farw.1941variety= het.
Corallorhiza vernaNutt.1823species= het.
Corallorhiza virescensDrejer1843species= het.
Corallorhiza wyomingensisHellm. & K.Hellm.1931species= het.
Cymbidium corallorhiza(L.) Sw.1800species≡ hom.
Epidendrum corallorhizon(L.) Poir.1810species≡ hom.
Epipactis corallorhiza(L.) Crantz1769species≡ hom.
Helleborine corallorhiza(L.) F.W.Schmidt1793species≡ hom.
Neottia corallorhiza(L.) Kuntze1891species≡ hom.
Ophrys corallorhizaL.1753species≡ hom.
Notes: ≡ homotypic synonym  ; = heterotypic synonym

References

  1. Rankou, H. (2011). "Corallorhiza trifida (Europe assessment)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2011 e.T175935A7147872. Retrieved 3 October 2025.
  2. NatureServe (5 September 2025). "Corallorhiza trifida". NatureServe Explorer. Arlington, Virginia. Retrieved 3 October 2025.
  3. 1 2 3 "Corallorhiza trifida Châtel". Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 3 October 2025.
  4. Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  5. Gleason, H. A. & A.J. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of the Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada (ed. 2) i–910. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx.
  6. Magrath, Lawrence K.; Freudenstein, John V. (2002). "Corallorhiza trifida". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 26. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  7. Chen, Xinqi; Gale, Stephan W.; Cribb, Phillip J. "Corallorhiza trifida". Flora of China. Vol. 25 via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  8. Böcher, T. W. 1978. Greenlands Flora 326 pp.
  9. Porsild, A. E. & W. Cody. 1980. Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Northwest Territories Canada i–viii, 1–607. National Museum of Natural Sciences, Ottawa.
  10. Tolmatchev, A. I. 1963. Arkticheskaia Flora SSSR 4: 1–96.
  11. Flora Italiana, Corallorhiza trifida Chatel.
  12. 1 2 Zimmer, K., et al. (2008). The ectomycorrhizal specialist orchid Corallorhiza trifida is a partial myco-heterotroph. New Phytologist 178:2 395-400.