Costa Rican general election, 2018

Last updated
Costa Rican general election, 2018
Flag of Costa Rica.svg
  2014 4 February 2018 (2018-02-04) (first round)
1 April 2018 (2018-04-01) (second round)
2022 

  Carlos Alvarado Le Chateu (cropped).jpg Fabricio Alvarado Munoz Asamblea Legislativa 2 (cropped).jpg
Nominee Carlos Alvarado Fabricio Alvarado
Party Citizens' Action National Restoration
Home state San José San José
Running mate Epsy Campbell
Marvin Rodríguez
Ivonne Acuña
Francisco J. Prendas
Popular vote1,322,908860,388
Percentage60.59%39.41%

Costa Rica general election 2018 - Legislative & Presidential Election Results.svg
Map on the left shows the seats won by each party by province. The map on the right shows which party won the plurality in each province in both rounds of the Presidential election.

President before election

Luis Guillermo Solís
Citizens' Action

President-elect

Carlos Alvarado Quesada
Citizens' Action

Coat of arms of Costa Rica.svg
This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
Costa Rica

General elections were held in Costa Rica in 2018 to elect both the President and Legislative Assembly. The first round of the presidential election was held on February 4, 2018, with the two highest-ranked candidates being Christian singer and Congressman Fabricio Alvarado Muñoz from the conservative National Restoration Party and writer and former Minister Carlos Alvarado Quesada from the progressive Citizens’ Action Party, gaining 24% and 21% of the votes respectively. As no candidate received more than 40% of the first round vote, a second round run-off election was held on April 1, 2018 and was won by Carlos Alvarado Quesada, with a landslide victory of 60.6% of the vote. [1] [2]

Costa Rica country in Central America

Costa Rica, officially the Republic of Costa Rica, is a country in Central America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the northeast, Panama to the southeast, the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, and Ecuador to the south of Cocos Island. It has a population of around 5 million in a land area of 51,060 square kilometers. An estimated 333,980 people live in the capital and largest city, San José with around 2 million people in the surrounding metropolitan area.

President of Costa Rica head of state and head of government of Costa Rica

The President of Costa Rica is the head of state and head of government of Costa Rica. The President is currently elected in direct elections for a period of four years, which is not immediately renewable. Two Vice presidents are elected in the same ticket with the president. The president appoints the Council of Ministers. Due to the abolition of the military of Costa Rica in 1948, the president is not a Commander-in-chief, unlike the norm in most other countries, although the Constitution does describe him as commander in chief of the civil defense public forces.

Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica legislative branch of the government of Costa Rica

The Legislative Assembly is the unicameral legislative branch of the government of Costa Rica. The national congress building is located in the city capital, San José, specifically in El Carmen District in San José Canton.

Contents

The previously dominant National Liberation Party suffered its worst results to date, ending third in the presidential run for the first time in its history with its candidate former Legislative Assembly President Antonio Álvarez Desanti winning only 18%. Other notable candidates were lawyer and entrepreneur Rodolfo Piza from the center-right Social Christian Unity Party with 16% and right-wing populist Juan Diego Castro with 9%.

A dominant-party system, or one-party dominant system, is a system where there is "a category of parties/political organisations that have successively won election victories and whose future defeat cannot be envisaged or is unlikely for the foreseeable future." Many are de facto one-party systems, and often devolve into de jure one-party systems. Usually, the dominant party consistently holds majority government, without the need for coalitions.

National Liberation Party (Costa Rica) political party

The National Liberation Party, nicknamed the verdiblancos, is a political party in Costa Rica. The party is a member of the Socialist International.

Antonio Álvarez Desanti Costa Rican businessman/politician/oportunist

Antonio Álvarez Desanti is a Costa Rican politician, lawyer and businessman who has served twice as President of the Legislative Assembly. He was National Liberation Party candidate for the national elections of February, 2018.

In the 57-seat Legislative Assembly, the National Liberation Party won 17 seats, the National Restoration Party won 14 seats, the Citizens' Action Party won 10 seats, the Social Christian Unity Party won 9 seats, the National Integration Party won 4 seats, the Social Christian Republican Party (an offshoot of PUSC) won 2 seats and left-wing Broad Front won 1 seat.

National Restoration Party (Costa Rica) Costarrican National Political Party

The National Restoration Party is a political party in Costa Rica. It was founded in 2005 by Carlos Avendaño Calvo mostly by dissidents of Costa Rica's historical Christian party, Costa Rican Renewal, after its then only deputy, Carlos Avendaño Calvo, left. Avendaño would successfully return to Congress because of the party from 2010 to 2014. Even though he had personal differences with Justo Orozco, both were able to work together in defending the same agenda, mainly the conservative views of the evangelical community. The party's candidate in the presidential election of 2014 was Avendaño, who received 1.35 percent of the vote.

Citizens Action Party (Costa Rica)

The Citizens' Action Party is a center-left political party in Costa Rica.

Social Christian Unity Party political party

The Social Christian Unity Party is a centre-right political party in Costa Rica.

Electoral system

The President of Costa Rica is elected using a modified two-round system in which a candidate must receive at least 40% of the vote to win in the first round; if no candidate wins in the first round, a runoff will be held between the two candidates with the biggest quantity of votes. [3]

Two-round system voting system used to elect a single winner where a second round of voting is used if no candidate wins an absolute majority in the first round

The two-round system is a voting method used to elect a single winner, where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate. However, if no candidate receives the required number of votes, then those candidates having less than a certain proportion of the votes, or all but the two candidates receiving the most votes, are eliminated, and a second round of voting is held.

The 57 members of the Legislative Assembly are elected using closed list proportional representation through the largest remainder method from seven multi-member constituencies with between four and 19 seats, which are based on the seven provinces. [4]

Closed list describes the variant of party-list proportional representation where voters can (effectively) only vote for political parties as a whole and thus have no influence on the party-supplied order in which party candidates are elected. If voters have at least some influence then it is called an open list.

Proportional representation (PR) characterizes electoral systems in which divisions in an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. If n% of the electorate support a particular political party, then roughly n% of seats will be won by that party. The essence of such systems is that all votes contribute to the result - not just a plurality, or a bare majority. The most prevalent forms of proportional representation all require the use of multiple-member voting districts, as it is not possible to fill a single seat in a proportional manner. In fact, the implementations of PR that achieve the highest levels of proportionality tend to include districts with large numbers of seats.

The largest remainder method is one way of allocating seats proportionally for representative assemblies with party list voting systems. It contrasts with various divisor methods.

Presidential primaries

Citizens' Action Party

The internal elections for the Citizens' Action Party were held on July 9, 2017. [5] The candidates were two former ministers of the Solís Rivera administration; writer Carlos Alvarado, former Minister of Labour and Social Issues, and economist Welmer Ramos, former Economy Minister. Alvarado won by 56% of the votes. Deputies Epsy Campbell, Ottón Solis and Vicepresident Ana Helena Chacón declined a potential run. [6]

Luis Guillermo Solís Costa Rican 47th president

Luis Guillermo Solís Rivera is a Costa Rican educator and politician who was the President of Costa Rica from 2014 to 2018. He is a member of the center-left Citizens' Action Party (PAC). Solís led the field in the 2014 presidential election, and won the presidency in a landslide election, earning more votes than any presidential candidate in the history of the nation. Solís has a long academic and political career, culminating in his election as the first President of Costa Rica to be a member of the PAC.

Carlos Alvarado Quesada 49th President of Costa Rica

Carlos Alvarado Quesada is a Costa Rican politician and writer, who is currently serving as the 48th President of Costa Rica. A member of the center-left Citizens' Action Party (PAC), Alvarado was previously Minister of Labor and Social Security during the Presidency of Luis Guillermo Solís.

Carlos Alvarado was the first one of the party to announce his intention to run under the slogan of "I choose the future" (Elijo el futuro) and ran under a progressive platform, which sought to exalt the achievements of Luis Guillermo Solis's government and promised to continue with it. Meanwhile, Welmer Ramos's campaign focused more on a moderate and conservative campaign, under the slogan "A citizen like you" (Un ciudadano como usted) and openly criticized the current government in order to appeal to those who were upset with the administration.

Libertarian Movement

The Libertarian Movement had its first primaries on June 30, 2017.

Candidates were deputy Natalia Diaz, [7] and historic leader and deputy Otto Guevara Guth, who will attempt to run for presidency for the fifth time. Guevara won the primary over Diaz by a 10% margin. Otto Guevara's primary campaign was based under a right-wing populist inclination, stating that Donald Trump's presidential campaign had given him new inspiration to run, while Natalia Diaz's campaign promised to bring a new face to the party and offer a new alternative to the party's establishment.

After the 2016 municipal elections, the party lost its only mayor and 258 aldermen, leaving it with little power. Plus, due to Guevara's turnabout from libertarianism to religious conservatism, many party adherents created a new party: the Liberal Progressive Party, under former transport minister Eliécer Feinzag's leadership; or joined Social Christian Unity Party because of its new liberal stance on politics.

National Liberation Party

The internal elections for the National Liberation Party were held on April 2, 2017. The candidates were Sigifredo Aiza Campos, former deputy for the Guanacaste province, current deputy and radio host Rolando González Ulloa, Antonio Álvarez Desanti president of the Legislative Assembly, former minister and presidential candidate who was supported by former president Óscar Arias Sánchez, and former president José María Figueres Olsen. [8] Álvarez Desanti was chosen as the party's candidate.

Social Christian Unity Party

The Social Christian primary was held on 4 June 2017 with former president of the Health System and previous candidate Rodolfo Piza winning over current deputy Rafael Ortiz. [9]

Other candidates

Former Public Safety Minister Juan Diego Castro launched his unexpected presidential campaign presenting himself as a political outsider and with a strong anti-establishment and anti-corruption speech. [10] Promising to "rule by decree" and with a very loud "hard hand" rhetoric (uncommon in Costa Rican politics as the country is famous for its political centrism), Castro has been compared with figures like Donald Trump and Rodrigo Duterte, [11] [12] and accused of right-wing populism [13] and far-right positions, [10] [14] albeit he rejects the comparisons. [15] He ran as the National Integration Party's nominee.

Four of the minor candidates lean towards the conservative evangelical community. These are former journalist and San José deputy Fabricio Alvarado for National Restoration Party, journalist Stephanie Campos for Costa Rican Renewal Party, perennial candidate and San José deputy Óscar López for Accessibility without Exclusion, and lawyer and Cartago deputy Mario Redondo for Christian Democratic Alliance a former Cartaginese provincial party but which expanded to the national level. The left-wing Broad Front nominated Heredia deputy Edgardo Araya (es:Edgardo Araya Sibaja). The far-left Workers' Party chose the trade unionist and high school professor Jhon Vega as its candidate. The centrist and youth oriented New Generation Party chose its founder Sergio Mena as the presidential nominee. Finally, former Social Christian Unity Party's presidential nominee Rodolfo Hernández (es:Rodolfo Hernández Gómez) launched his presidential campaign with the newly formed Social Christian Republican Party, a party formed by former PUSC members dissatisfied with the liberal-controlled Social Christian Central Committee, who claimed the party had lost its Calderonist origins

Presidential candidates

Citizens' Action Party
Carlos Alvarado Quesada Epsy Campbell and Marvin Rodríguez
for Presidentfor Vice Presidents
Carlos Alvarado Le Chateu (cropped).jpg
Epsy Campbell Barr 2018 (cropped).jpg
Marvin Rodriguez Cordero abril 2018.jpg
Labor Minister
(2014-2016)
Executive President of the Joint Social Welfare Institute
(2016-2017)
Deputy
in the Legislative Assembly
(2002-2006 and 2014-2018)
Labor Union Leader
National Restoration Party
Fabricio Alvarado Muñoz Ivonne Acuña and Francisco Prendas
for Presidentfor Vice Presidents
Fabricio Alvarado Munoz Asamblea Legislativa 2 (cropped).jpg
Deputy
in the Legislative Assembly
(2014-2018)

Other presidential candidates

Candidates included in this section have received more than 2% support in popular vote.
Antonio Álvarez Rodolfo Piza Juan Diego Castro Rodolfo Hernández
Antonio Alvarez Desanti, PLN - Costa Rica (cropped) (cropped).JPG
Rodolfo Piza.jpg
Juan Diego Castro cropped.jpg
Dr Rodolfo Her nandez cropped.jpg
Minister of Farming
(1987-1988)
Minister of Governance
(1988-1999)
Deputy
(1994-1998 and 2014–2017)
Justice
of the Supreme Court
(2009-2013)
Executive President
Costa Rican Social Security Fund
(1998-2002)
Minister of Public Safety
(1994–1996)
Minister of Justice
(1997–1998)
Director
Costa Rica's Children's Hospital
(2001–2014)
National Liberation Party Social Christian Unity Party National Integration Party Social Christian Republican Party

Campaign

Several topics like unemployment, corruption, economics, insecurity and poverty are among the main issues that concern the electorate according to polls. [16]

But one particular event that cause uproar in the campaign was the “Cementazo” (lit. cement hit) scandal. A corruption scandal involving political figures of all the main parties, [10] including candidate Otto Guevara, whose properties and parliamentary office were raided by the General Attorney investigating the case. Some analysts point to the Cementazo scandal as one of the reasons for the unexpected ascension in polls of hardline anti-establishment candidate Castro. [10]

During the campaign Castro made a series of highly controversial statements that often caused polemic reactions. Among other things, he accused the Judiciary of having some of its female members ascending due to sexual favors, [17] [18] something that sprang harsh responses from female judges and judicial workers. [19] Political figures from other parties reacted with outrage including Desanti's wife Nuria Marin and PAC's vice-president nominee Epsy Campbell. [20] [21] He later clarified that he was referring to one particular case of a known female friend of his. He also called for the removal of the prohibition on oil exploitation and gold mining calling those who opposed it "eco-terrorists and extremists". [22] Desanti also said that “extremists should not dictate environmental policies” but mentioned that he opposes oil exploitation. Both Alvarado Quesada and Araya are staunch opponents of all forms of oil exploration and exploitation. [23]

A surprising ruling from the Inter-American Court of Human Rights extending all rights enjoyed by heterosexual couples to same-sex couples made after Costa Rica's government lodged a motion for clarification also had an impact on the campaign. The ruling may require up to 22 signatory countries of the Pact of San José that recognize the contentious authority of the IACHR to change their laws in order to legalize same-sex marriage (whether by legislative or judicial methods, or both). Most polls show that most Costa Ricans oppose gay marriage albeit with large numbers supporting it (in a general ratio of 60-40%). [24] [25] [26] [27] Opponents of gay marriage were outraged by the ruling, causing an increase in social media support for Christian singer and journalist Fabricio Alvarado Muñoz [28] from the staunchly conservative National Restoration Party (a normally small party with testimonial results mostly supported by the Evangelical Christian minority). Alvarado Muñoz was, for the first time for an Evangelical candidate, attracting Catholic voters. [28] Nevertheless, Alvarado Muñoz' gain also saw a counter-reaction. Social media support for progressive pro-gay marriage candidate Carlos Alvarado Quesada was also notable, particularly among millennials and centennials who mostly support socially liberal policies. [28] Some analysts point to a possible polarization between conservative and progressive voters, or among religious and secular or older and younger generations depending on the measure, which pushed both Alvarados into the second round. [28] At least two homophobic attacks have been reported. [29] [30]

During the run-off campaign, Alvarado Muñoz’ strategy focused on linking his rival with the somewhat unpopular government at the time by pointing out its flaws, errors and scandals. [31] On the contrary, Alvarado Quesada tried to distance himself from Luis Guillermo Solís’ Administration, but at the same time highlighted its achievements. [32] Muñoz also reinforced his idea of defending "pro-life and family" values, whilst Quesada insisted in wanting an inclusive country with no "second class citizens". Quesada’s strategy focused in presenting Muñoz as unexperienced and unprepared, pointing out his delay in presenting his second government program as promised and contradictions between him and some of his close collaborators. [33]

A series of controversies affected Muñoz' presidential run, including accusations of plagiarism on his government program, [34] a delay in the presentation of his party's financial reports, high payments to him and some other high-ranking party members for services during the campaign, [35] etc. But probably one of the most damaging was the content of a book written by pastor and tele-evangelist Ronny Chaves (close collaborator of Fabricio and described by him as "spiritual father") calling "La Negrita" or Virgen de los Angeles (Costa Rica's patron saint) a demon. Something that some analysts highlight as hurtful to many Catholics' feelings causing many of them to switch towards Carlos Alvarado. [36] In fact, the Cartago Province which is Costa Rica's Catholic epicenter and see of the Basílica de Nuestra Señora de los Ángeles is where Quesada's support was higher (75%), on the contrary Fabricio won by wide margin in the mostly Protestant province of Limón.

In the second round Carlos kept San José, Heredia and Cartago Provinces and all of the cantons he won in the first one, and managed to turn Alajuela and Guanacaste on his favor. [37] He also won, again, the foreign vote winning all ballot booths overseas except Singapore were there was a tie. Fabricio kept Puntarenas and Limón as his strongholds and won in all cantons of Limon, most of the Punteranas cantons, four of the northern cantons of Alajuela (San Carlos, Upala, Guatuso and Los Chiles) and Sarapiqui in Heredia. [37] Abstentionism was less during the second round for the first time in history. [37]

Polling and voters' behavior

During pre-campaign Juan Diego Castro emerged as one of the most popular political figures with around 51% of positive opinions, followed by Antonio Álvarez Desanti with 36%, with Libertarian deputy Otto Guevara and former president José María Figueres as the ones with more negative opinions. [38] After the PLN primary in which Desanti won over Figueres by slight margin, Desanti started the campaign as frontrunner for a while with up to 36% support in some early polls. [39] Castro was also among the favorites even before he had a party supporting his candidacy (something required by law in Costa Rica as independent candidates are not allowed). As the campaign continues Desanti suffered a constant decrease in voters' intent. [40] Castro remained as frontrunner for most of 2017, but an erratic and heavily controversial campaign begins to affect him losing support in January. PUSC's Rodolfo Piza remained as second in some polls, later replaced by Castro but still in third place. [41]

The "Cementazo" scandal affected heavily the parties involved (PAC, PLN, PUSC and ML) especially during November and December when the Parliamentary Committee investigating the issue made most of its hearings, with all parties facing a reduction on their support. [42]

The IACHR’s ruling on same-sex marriage caused a turmoil in the country, with conservative candidate and staunch opponent Fabricio Alvarado showing a rapid increase in support passing from marginal percentages of around 2-6% to be in the lead with up to 17%. However, Carlos Alvarado's support also started to grow unusually fast especially in mid and late January with the later polls showing him surpassing other candidates including Castro and Piza, passing from sixth to third in a couple of days, and even in a technical tie with Desanti showing possibilities to go into the run-off. Castro appeared in fourth and Piza in fifth place as of late January. [43] PAC's support historically tend to increase in January and after the debates, but it was also possible that its support came from more liberal voters fearful of a religious government.

According to polls Fabricio Alvarado Muñoz took most of his support from Evangelical Christian voters who represented around 70% of his supporters, [44] followed by 20% Roman Catholics and 8% with no religion. Carlos Alvarado Quesada, on the contrary, was mostly supported by Catholics with 52% of his voters belonging to that denomination, [44] followed by 29% non-religious and 13% Protestants. [44] Alvarado Quesada was most popular among urban voters with higher education, [45] whilst Alvarado Muñoz had strong support by those with only elementary or high school levels of education. [45] Also Alvarado Quesada was more popular among voters under 35, whilst Alvarado Muñoz was more popular among women under 35 and voters of both sexes over 55. [45]

A post-election study completed by the University of Costa Rica showed that Alvarado Quesada's success was in part due to his performance in the debates, his campaign and defense of the Rule of law. [46] Whilst Alvarado Muñoz' supporters mentioned defense of the traditional family, the fact that he was a believer and being an alternative to PAC. [46] Religion wasn't such an important factor as originally thought, but 71% of Alvarado Quesada's voters mentioned Ronny Chaves' anti-Catholic statements as something "bad or very bad", against 35% of Fabricio's voters expressing that such thing was indifferent to them. [46] Roman Catholics were 60% more likely to vote for Carlos Alvarado than non-Catholics that were only 30%. [46] Alvarado Quesada had also much more support from middle and high classes especially from the urban areas and the Central Valley whilst Fabricio's support came from the periphery and coastal areas with higher poverty levels and where the population is lower and less willing to vote at all. [46]

Polling tampering

One day I'll tell you where the fraud was, every Friday we expected a survey that was false.

National Restoration President Carlos Avendaño, October 2018. [47]

The last poll of the second round scheduled for March 28 was canceled due to the fact that OPol Consultores' executives alleged that threats had been made against their collaborators. Shortly before this announcement, social media reported that a vehicle registered in the name of the private limited company to which the pollster belongs and led by the director of the company traveled with flags of National Restoration. [48]

Also the poll published by the Institute of Population Studies (IDESPO) of the National University, the only one that showed a wide advantage on the part of Carlos Alvarado over Fabricio, was questioned almost immediately by the digital newspaper El Mundo questioning its methodology. [49] The Supreme Electoral Tribunal and the University's Council reaffirmed the validity of the poll. [50] [51] The IDESPO poll would be the closest to the electoral result of the second round together with an informal poll conducted by the Los Paleteros ice cream company. [52]

After the campaign it was made public that during the second round the Executive Committee of the National Restoration Party had made payments to the polling company OPol according to financial reports submitted to the Supreme Electoral Tribunal. Party officials reported that these were political consultancies unrelated to the polls, however, subsequent investigations by the newspaper La Nación discovered a contract for the payment of the six polls that were carried out during the second round campaign, of which five were published by El Mundo. In all of them Fabricio Alvarado appeared as the winner by a wide margin. They were immediately shared in the social media of the group and the candidate as well as party personalities and allies including deputy-elect and vice presidential candidate Jonathan Prendas and deputy Mario Redondo. Catherina Convertino, general manager of Opinión Política CyC, a private limited company that owns both OPol and El Mundo newspaper, confirmed to La Nación that the second round polls had been requested by Juan Carlos Campos, head of the National Restoration campaign and that they decided to make it public following the debt of the party in the total payment of the contract. [53]

Opinion polls

DateSource Carlos Alvarado Quesada en 2015.jpg
Carlos Alvarado
(PAC)
Fabricio Alvarado Munoz Asamblea Legislativa 2 (cropped).jpg
Fabricio Alvarado
(PREN)
Antonio Alvarez Desanti, PLN - Costa Rica (cropped).JPG
Antonio Álvarez
(PLN)
Juan Diego Castro cropped.jpg
Juan Diego Castro
(PIN)
Dr Rodolfo Her nandez cropped.jpg
Rodolfo Hernández
(PRSC)
Photo of Mr. Rodolfo Piza and company in PUSC cropped.png
Rodolfo Piza
(PUSC)
OthersNoneNALead
19–27 April 2017Cid Gallup [39] 2%-29%24%4%11%--22%5%
25–27 May 2017Opol [54] 0.3%-20.3%9.6%4.4%9.1%7.9%27.5%16.3%11%
22–24 June 2017Opol [55] 2.55%-15.35%9.99%4.92%10.76%5.55%25.7%22.2%5%
25–27 July 2017Opol [56] 5.71%-16.52%7.66%5.10%9.30%3.81%25.44%21.62%7%
17–26 July 2017CIEP [57] 8.0%5.83%25.2%5.8%1.1%11.5%3.2%0.1%42.2%14%
29–31 August 2017Opol [58] 2.90%-18.20%10.06%3.19%6.23%3.81%27.48%23.01%8%
27 August–2 September 2017Enfoques [59] 2.0%-23.7%11.4%2.9%10.5%4.7%14.6%22.4%12%
5–13 September 2017Cid Gallup [60] 6%-23%16%2%13%1%-30%7%
25–28 September 2017Opol [61] 3.89%3%17.13%10.28%4.38%9.70%4.07%31.3%14.4%7%
3–11 October 2017CIEP [62] 6.3%-19.6%12.6%1.9%11%3.2%-40.3%7%
27–29 October 2017Opol [63] 3.32%2%15.65%11.87%4.67%6.46%4.50%28.43%21.61%4%
13–15 November 2017Opol [64] 3.7%3%15.1%12.3%4.8%6.0%5.6%18.8%31.0%3%
4–16 November 2017CIEP [65] 4%2%15%15%5%11%8%-37%Tied
19–24 November 2017Cid Gallup [66] 4%4%15%17%7%9%11%-33%2%
28–29 November 2017Opol [67] 3.6%0.1%13.4%13.3%3.9%5.7%3.30%23.6%31.0%Tied
20–30 November 2017 Idespo [68] 5.8%2.6%12.5%16.4%4.7%11.5%4.10%2.6%41.7%4%
December 2017 CIEP [69] 5%3%14%18%8%13%7%-42%4%
12-19 December 2017Opol [70] 2.6%3.3%17.2%16.1%5.9%10.0%4.7%21.0%19.2%1.1%
2–4 January 2018Opol [71] 2.1%2.9%12.2%12.8%4.9%5.6%4.1%28.7%26.7%0.6%
9–11 January 2018Opol [72] 3.1%4.4%14.0%13.5%6.0%8.2%4.3%18.3%28.2%0.5%
9–14 January 2018Cid Gallup [73] 5.3%9.6%15.5%16.5%7.7%12.2%15.7%--1%
12–17 January 2018Demoscopia [74] 4%3.5%16.7%12.4%9.1%14.7%5.7%11.9%35%2%
15–17 January 2018 CIEP [75] 6%17%11%16%6%9%--17%1%
15–20 January 2018CID Gallup [76] 6%14%16%12%7%12%3%20%-2%
22–24 January 2018Opol[ citation needed ]5.0%13.8%13.4%10.7%5.8%8.1%3.6%14.5%24.1%0.4%
22–24 January 2018Demoscopía [77] 8.3%10.7%12.7%7.3%4.0%12.0%2.0%14.6%28.3%0.7%
24–26 January 2018 CIEP [78] 10.6%16.9%12.4%8.6%2.8%8.2%1%-36.5%4%
31 January 2018Opol [79] 12.0%17.4%13.8%8.5%3.8%8.3%2.4%14.1%19.1%4%
4 February 2018First round
8–9 February 2018Opol [80] 28.0%37.6%23.2%11.3%9%
6–8 February 2018 CIEP [81] 42%45%-13%3%
15–16 February 2018Opol [82] 29.4%36.1%19.7%14.7%6.7%
21–23 February 2018Opol [83] 29.2%39.2%15.4%16.3%10%
6–17 February 2018 Idespo [84] 52%29%23%
28 February–2 MarchOpol [85] 31.1%39.7%14%15.2%8.6%
27–28 February 2018 CIEP [86] 41%39%20%3%
8–9 March 2018Opol [87] 31.4%38.7%15.1%14.8%7.3%
10–15 March 2018CID Gallup [88] 28.4%32.9%38%4.5%
12–16 March 2018Opol [89] 27.7%36.5%22.2%13.6%8.8%
19-21 March 2018 CIEP [90] 42%43%15%1%
19-23 March 2018Opol [91] 28.5%36.2%20.9%14.4%7.7%

Results

President

Popular vote - First round
Nat. Restoration
24.99%
Citizens' Action
21.63%
Nat. Liberation
18.63%
Soc. Christ. Unity
15.99%
Nat. Integration
9.54%
Republican
4.94%
Lib. Movement
1.02%
Broad Front
0.78%
New Generation
0.76%
Other
1.72%
Popular vote - Runoff
Citizens' Action
60.59%
Nat. Restoration
39.41%
CandidatePartyFirst roundSecond round
Votes%Votes%
Carlos Alvarado Citizens' Action Party 466,12921.631,322,90860.59
Fabricio Alvarado National Restoration Party 538,50424.99860,38839.41
Antonio Álvarez National Liberation Party 401,50518.63
Rodolfo Piza Social Christian Unity Party 344,59515.99
Juan Diego Castro National Integration Party 205,6029.54
Rodolfo Hernández Social Christian Republican Party 106,4444.94
Otto Guevara Libertarian Movement 21,8901.02
Edgardo Araya Broad Front 16,8620.78
Sergio Mena New Generation Party 16,3290.76
Mario Redondo Christian Democratic Alliance 12,6380.59
Stephanie Campos Costa Rican Renewal Party 12,3090.57
Óscar López Accessibility without Exclusion 7,5390.35
Jhon Vega Workers' Party 4,3510.20
Invalid/blank votes28,06724,260
Total2,182,7641002,207,556100
Registered voters/turnout3,322,32965.7066.45
Source: TSE, TSE

By province

First round

Province PREN % PAC % PLN % PUSC % PIN % PRSC % ML % FA % PNG %Other %
Bandera de la Provincia de San Jose.svg  San José Province 22.8923.5117.9817.989.014.591.020.780.851.40
Bandera de la Provincia de Alajuela.svg  Alajuela 26.7621.8318.1615.238.855.440.910.750.721.34
Bandera de Cartago (Costa Rica).svg  Cartago Province 15.0226.4320.1715.0610.876.361.030.760.863.45
Bandera de la Provincia de Heredia.svg  Heredia 21.1827.2817.6818.088.073.721.020.800.931.23
Bandera de la Provincia de Puntarenas.svg  Puntarenas 35.5412.0218.5013.6411.514.851.070.800.561.50
Bandera de la Provincia de Limon.svg  Limón 42.5810.5617.569.2410.404.591.290.940.432.41
Bandera de la Provincia de Guanacaste.svg  Guanacaste 25.5615.0823.5615.8111.205.200.960.670.491.46
Total24.9921.6318.6315.999.544.941.020.780.761.72
Source: TSE

Abroad vote

Abroad vote

  PAC (37.67%)
  PUSC (22.73%)
  PLN (17.03%)
  PREN (11.66%)
  PIN (5.53%)
  FA (1.82%)
  PRSC (0.98%)
  PNG (0.73%)
  ML (0.71%)
Country PREN % PAC % PLN % PUSC % PIN % PRSC % ML % FA % PNG %Other %
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany 1.2366.875.5217.793.07--3.681.84-
Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina 3.7555.008.7515.005.00-1.2510.001.25-
Flag of Austria.svg  Austria 2.6357.897.8923.687.89-----
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium -49.0221.5721.573.921.96-1.96--
Flag of Belize.svg  Belize -25.0075.00-------
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil 14.2933.3314.2914.294.76-4.7614.29--
Flag of Canada.svg  Canada 7.6447.9211.8117.364.862.082.082.782.081.39
Flag of Chile.svg  Chile 3.7048.1519.4424.070.93--1.85-1.85
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 2.2745.4522.7322.73--2.272.27-2.27
Flag of Colombia.svg  Colombia 2.7830.3636.1120.836.941.39-1.39--
Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea 14.2950.0014.2914.297.14-----
Flag of Cuba.svg  Cuba 4.1745.834.17-12.50-4.178.334.1716.67
Flag of Ecuador.svg  Ecuador 8.0048.004.0024.00--4.0012.00--
Flag of the United States.svg  United States 18.4430.4916.0623.307.181.700.400.620.791.02
Flag of El Salvador.svg  El Salvador 5.9726.8723.8822.3914.931.491.491.49-1.49
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain 5.4551.9812.8724.751.49-0.501.980.500.50
Flag of France.svg  France 0.7163.8314.1812.772.84--4.261.42-
Flag of Guatemala.svg  Guatemala 15.6323.1320.6325.0010.000.63-3.131.250.63
Flag of Honduras.svg  Honduras 11.8425.0019.7428.957.891.321.321.321.321.32
Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 11.8415.3830.7738.4615.38-----
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy 6.2545.3120.3117.194.691.56---4.69
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan 7.6953.85-26.927.69--3.85--
Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico 7.4535.6412.2336.173.19-0.532.130.532.13
Flag of Nicaragua.svg  Nicaragua 12.8520.5925.4927.453.92-2.940.98-5.88
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 7.6968.817.3415.602.75-1.832.75--
Flag of Panama.svg  Panama 13.5723.6228.6425.135.03-2.51-0.501.00
Flag of Peru.svg  Peru 16.2837.2120.9318.606.98-----
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 1.6744.1725.8323.330.83--2.500.830.83
Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg  Dominican Republic 19.1521.2817.0238.30----2.132.13
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia -64.2921.43-14.29-----
Flag of Singapore.svg  Singapore 16.6741.678.3325.00--8.33---
Flag of Switzerland.svg   Switzerland 7.4543.6222.3421.281.06--4.26--
Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg  Trinidad and Tobago 33.3333.3333.33-------
Flag of Uruguay.svg  Uruguay 14.2957.14-14.2914.29-----
Flag of Venezuela.svg  Venezuela 10.0016.0042.0020.002.006.00-4.00--
Flag of India.svg  India --100.00-------
Flag of Qatar.svg  Qatar -18.7525.0043.7512.50-----
Flag of Bolivia.svg  Bolivia -75.00-25.00------
Flag of Paraguay.svg  Paraguay 28.5714.2928.5714.29-7.14---7.14
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia 8.0056.008.0014.006.00-2.006.00--
Flag of Jamaica.svg  Jamaica ----------
Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey -100.00--------
Total11.6637.6717.0322.735.530.980.711.820.731.12
Source: TSE

Runoff

Province PAC % PREN %
Bandera de la Provincia de San Jose.svg  San José Province 62.2637.74
Bandera de la Provincia de Alajuela.svg  Alajuela 59.7740.23
Bandera de Cartago (Costa Rica).svg  Cartago Province 74.6225.38
Bandera de la Provincia de Heredia.svg  Heredia 67.2832.72
Bandera de la Provincia de Puntarenas.svg  Puntarenas 45.0454.96
Bandera de la Provincia de Limon.svg  Limón 36.6463.36
Bandera de la Provincia de Guanacaste.svg  Guanacaste 58.5841.42
Total60.5939.41
Source: TSE

Abroad vote

Abroad vote, runoff

  PAC (77.62%)
  PREN (22.38%)
Country PAC % PREN %
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany 96.343.66
Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina 89.8610.14
Flag of Austria.svg  Austria 95.005.00
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium 87.2312.77
Flag of Belize.svg  Belize 66.6733.33
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil 100.00-
Flag of Canada.svg  Canada 83.7716.23
Flag of Chile.svg  Chile 81.0019.00
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 90.389.62
Flag of Colombia.svg  Colombia 85.4814.52
Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea 64.2935.71
Flag of Cuba.svg  Cuba 78.9521.04
Flag of Ecuador.svg  Ecuador 90.0010.00
Flag of the United States.svg  United States 72.3627.64
Flag of El Salvador.svg  El Salvador 76.3923.61
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain 80.3319.67
Flag of France.svg  France 94.415.59
Flag of Guatemala.svg  Guatemala 71.6028.40
Flag of Honduras.svg  Honduras 54.2945.71
Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 66.6733.33
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy 84.9115.09
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan 87.5012.50
Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico 82.6717.33
Flag of Nicaragua.svg  Nicaragua 67.4432.56
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 91.898.11
Flag of Panama.svg  Panama 73.2726.73
Flag of Peru.svg  Peru 78.1821.82
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 91.068.94
Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg  Dominican Republic 70.0030.00
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 91.678.33
Flag of Singapore.svg  Singapore 50.0050.00
Flag of Switzerland.svg   Switzerland 90.249.76
Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg  Trinidad and Tobago 66.6733.33
Flag of Uruguay.svg  Uruguay 60.0040.00
Flag of Venezuela.svg  Venezuela 67.7432.36
Flag of India.svg  India 100.00-
Flag of Qatar.svg  Qatar 77.2722.73
Flag of Bolivia.svg  Bolivia 83.3316.67
Flag of Paraguay.svg  Paraguay 45.4554.54
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia 79.4920.51
Flag of Jamaica.svg  Jamaica --
Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey 100.00-
Total77.6222.38
Source: TSE

Legislative Assembly

Popular vote
National Liberation
19.49%
National Restoration
18.15%
Citizens' Action
16.26%
Social Christian Unity
14.63%
National Integration
7.67%
Republican
4.21%
Broad Front
3.95%
Christ. Dem. Alliance
2.45%
Libertarian Movement
2.32%
Acc. w/o Exclusion
2.26%
New Generation
2.15%
Other
6.60%
Seat allocation
Nat. Liberation
29.82%
Nat. Restoration
24.56%
Citizens' Action
17.54%
Soc. Christ. Unity
15.79%
Nat. Integration
7.02%
Republican
3.51%
Broad Front
1.75%
Asamblea Legislativa 2018 - 2022.svg
PartyVotes%Seats+/–
National Liberation Party 416,63819.4917–1
National Restoration Party 388,08618.1514+13
Citizens' Action Party 347,70316.2610–3
Social Christian Unity Party 312,63714.639+1
National Integration Party 163,9337.674+4
Social Christian Republican Party 89,9694.212New
Broad Front 84,4373.951–8
Christian Democratic Alliance 52,3252.450–1
Libertarian Movement 49,6592.320–4
Accessibility without Exclusion 48,2562.260–1
New Generation Party 45,8962.1500
Costa Rican Renewal Party 41,8061.960–2
Authenthic Limonense Party 13,6610.6400
Liberal Progressive Party es 12,5370.590New
Workers' Party 11,6150.5400
Let's Act Now (Actuemos Ya)9,8980.460New
Let's Go (Vamos) es 8,2830.390New
United Forces for Change Party8,2370.390New
Everybody (Todos)8,0620.380New
Guanacastecan Union Party7,9940.370New
United Communal Party6,2700.290New
Transporters' Party es 4,8680.2300
Recovering Values Party4,8400.230New
Homeland, Equality & Democracy Party es 1,8810.0900
New Socialist Party es 7900.0400
Invalid/blank votes40,540
Total2,178,096100570
Registered voters/turnout3,322,329-
Source: TSE

By province

Province PLN PREN PAC PUSC PIN PRSC FA ADC ML PASE PNG Other
%S%S%S%S%S%S%S%S%S%S%S%S
Bandera de la Provincia de San Jose.svg  San José Province 17.96417.59417.45415.2136.9024.0914.9711.6702.2401.9302.0207.970
Bandera de la Provincia de Alajuela.svg  Alajuela 21.76320.62217.46214.3227.2814.8112.8501.7001.5602.0802.3404.780
Bandera de Cartago (Costa Rica).svg  Cartago Province 19.86210.52119.88213.3118.1914.7203.5505.6501.8302.5903.19012.360
Bandera de la Provincia de Heredia.svg  Heredia 19.05217.77120.95217.9817.0603.4504.8601.2001.9801.4202.1802.190
Bandera de la Provincia de Puntarenas.svg  Puntarenas 21.59224.8829.28014.3319.2404.5703.0501.9403.4201.0502.4705.230
Bandera de la Provincia de Limon.svg  Limón 14.91223.2836.8309.6406.5903.6103.8105.7004.2504.2500.62016.510
Bandera de la Provincia de Guanacaste.svg  Guanacaste 23.36215.7219.94014.85112.2903.5102.2701.8303.2103.0301.4108.560
Total19.491718.151416.261014.6397.6744.2123.9512.4502.3202.2602.1506.460
Source: TSE VozyVoto

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