Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester

Last updated

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester
Schuster Laboratory.jpg
The Schuster Laboratory, home to the Department of Physics and Astronomy
Former names
School of Physics and Astronomy (2004-2019)
Location,
Affiliations Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences,
University of Manchester
Website physics.manchester.ac.uk

The Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Manchester is one of the largest and most active physics departments in the UK, taking around 250 new undergraduates and 50 postgraduates each year, and employing more than 80 members of academic staff and over 100 research fellows and associates. [1] The department is based on two sites: the Schuster Laboratory on Brunswick Street and the Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics in Cheshire, international headquarters of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA). [2]

Contents

According to the Academic Ranking of World Universities, the department is the 9th best physics department in the world and best in Europe. [3] It is ranked 2nd place in the UK by Grade Point Average (GPA) according to the Research Excellence Framework (REF) in 2021, being only behind the University of Sheffield. [4] The University has a long history of physics dating back to 1874, which includes 12 Nobel laureates, [5] most recently Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov who were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2010 for their discovery of graphene. [6] [7]

Research groups

The Lovell Telescope at Jodrell Bank Observatory, part of the Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics in Cheshire. Lovell Telescope.jpg
The Lovell Telescope at Jodrell Bank Observatory, part of the Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics in Cheshire.

The Department of Physics and Astronomy comprises eight research groups:

  1. Astronomy and Astrophysics
  2. Biological Physics
  3. Condensed Matter Physics
  4. Nonlinear Dynamics and Liquid Crystal Physics
  5. Photon Physics
  6. Particle Physics
  7. Nuclear Physics
  8. Theoretical Physics

Research in the department of Physics has been funded by the Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (PPARC), the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) [8] and the Royal Society.

Notable faculty

Sir Andre Geim was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2010 for the discovery of graphene with Konstantin Novoselov Andre Geim 10.jpg
Sir Andre Geim was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2010 for the discovery of graphene with Konstantin Novoselov

As of 2015 the department employs 53 Professors, including Emeritus Professors. [9]

Notable alumni and former staff

History

Sir Bernard Lovell (1913-2012): founder of the Jodrell Bank Observatory. Sir bernard lovell photo.jpg
Sir Bernard Lovell (1913-2012): founder of the Jodrell Bank Observatory.

The department has origins dating back to 1874 when Balfour Stewart was appointed the first Langworthy Professor of Physics at Owens College, Manchester. Stewart was the first to identify an electrified atmospheric layer (now known as the ionosphere) which could distort the Earth's magnetic field. The theory of the ionosphere was postulated by Carl Friedrich Gauss in 1839, Stewart published the first experimental confirmation of the theory in 1878. [17] Since then, the department has hosted many award-winning scientists [17] including:

In 2004, the two separate departments of Physics at the Victoria University of Manchester and the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST) were merged to form the current Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Manchester. The department was known as the School of Physics and Astronomy until a 2019 reshuffle.

Emeritus professors

The department is also home to several Emeritus Scientists, pursuing their research interests after their formal retirement including:

Related Research Articles

David Mervyn Blow was an influential British biophysicist. He was best known for the development of X-ray crystallography, a technique used to determine the molecular structures of tens of thousands of biological molecules. This has been extremely important to the pharmaceutical industry.

Sir Frederic Calland Williams,, known as F.C. Williams or Freddie Williams, was an English engineer, a pioneer in radar and computer technology.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John Sibthorp</span> English botanist

John Sibthorp was an English botanist.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Malcolm Longair</span> British physicist

Malcolm Sim Longair is a British physicist. From 1991 to 2008 he was the Jacksonian Professor of Natural Philosophy in the Cavendish Laboratory at the University of Cambridge. Since 2016 he has been Editor-in-Chief of the Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society.

Brebis Bleaney was a British physicist. His main area of research was the use of microwave techniques to study the magnetic properties of solids. He was head of the Clarendon Laboratory at the University of Oxford from 1957 to 1977. In 1992, Bleaney received the International Zavoisky Award "for his contribution to the theory and practice of electron paramagnetic resonance of transition ions in crystals."

Andrew Christopher Fabian is a British astronomer and astrophysicist. He was Director of the Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge from 2013 to 2018. He was a Royal Society Research Professor at the Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge from 1982 to 2013, and Vice-Master of Darwin College, Cambridge from 1997 to 2012. He served as president of the Royal Astronomical Society from May 2008 through to 2010.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Turing Talk</span> Award

The Turing Talk, previously known as the Turing Lecture, is an annual award lecture delivered by a noted speaker on the subject of Computer Science. Sponsored and co-hosted by the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) and the British Computer Society, the talk has been delivered at different locations in the United Kingdom annually since 1999. Venues for the talk have included Savoy Place, the Royal Institution in London, Cardiff University, The University of Manchester, Belfast City Hall and the University of Glasgow. The main talk is preluded with an insight speaker, who performs an opening act to the main event.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nicholas Mackintosh</span>

Nicholas John Seymour Mackintosh, was a British experimental psychologist and author, specialising in intelligence, psychometrics and animal learning.

Fellowship of the Institute of Physics (FInstP) is "the highest level of membership attainable" by physicists who are members of the Institute of Physics (IoP), "for those with a degree in physics or related subject and who have made a significant impact on their sector"; Honorary Fellowship (HonFInstP) is for "exceptional individuals" who can be nominated in recognition of having "contributed to physics generally or to the work of the IOP", working in fields including business, education, research, and policy relating to physics.

The Gurdon Institute is a research facility at the University of Cambridge, specialising in developmental biology and cancer biology.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Iain Donald Campbell</span> Scottish biophysicist and biochemist

Iain Donald Campbell was a Scottish biophysicist and academic. He was Professor of Structural Biology at the University of Oxford from 1992 to 2009.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Richard Edwin Hills</span> British astronomer (1945–2022)

Richard Edwin Hills was a British astronomer who was emeritus professor of Radio Astronomy at the University of Cambridge.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester</span>

The Department of Chemistry at the University of Manchester is one of the largest Departments of Chemistry in the United Kingdom, with over 600 undergraduate and more than 200 postgraduate research students.

Robin Marshall is an Emeritus professor of Physics & Biology in the School of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Manchester. He currently lives in the village of Castillon-du-Gard in the region of Occitanie, where he writes and paints.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neil Burgess (neuroscientist)</span> British neuroscientist (born 1966)

Neil Burgess is a British neuroscientist. He has been a professor of cognitive neuroscience at University College London since 2004 and a Wellcome Trust Principal Research Fellow since 2011. He has made important contributions to understanding memory and spatial cognition by developing computational models relating behaviour to activity in biological neural networks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">J. Roy Taylor</span> English professor of Physics (born 1949)

(James) Roy TaylorFREng is Professor of Ultrafast Physics and Technology at Imperial College London.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ian William Murison Smith</span>

Ian William Murison Smith was a chemist who served as a research fellow and lecturer in the Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge from 1963 to 1985 and Professor of Chemistry at the University of Birmingham from 1985 to 2002.

Richard Anthony Lewis JonesFInstP FLSW is professor of Materials Physics and Innovation Policy at the University of Manchester having been professor of physics at the University of Sheffield until 2020.

Geoffrey Emett Blackman (1903-1980) was the Sibthorpian Professor of Rural Economy at the University of Oxford from 1945 to 1970 and Director of Agricultural Research Council Unit of Experimental Agronomy from 1950 to 1970.

References

  1. "About Us: School of Physics & Astronomy". University of Manchester. 2015. Archived from the original on 13 January 2015.
  2. Stappers, B. W. (2013). "The square kilometre array and the transient universe". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 371 (1992): 20120284. Bibcode:2013RSPTA.37120284S. doi: 10.1098/rsta.2012.0284 . PMID   23630382.
  3. "ShanghaiRanking's Global Ranking of Academic Subjects 2018 - Physics". ShanghaiRanking Consultancy. 2018. Archived from the original on 14 July 2017. Retrieved 21 September 2018.
  4. "REF 2021: Physics". Times Higher Education. 2022.
  5. "Our Nobel Prize winners". University of Manchester. 2015. Archived from the original on 13 January 2015.
  6. Brumfiel, G. (2010). "Andre Geim: In praise of graphene". Nature. doi:10.1038/news.2010.525.
  7. Geim, A. K.; Novoselov, K. S. (2007). "The rise of graphene". Nature Materials. 6 (3): 183–191. arXiv: cond-mat/0702595 . Bibcode:2007NatMa...6..183G. doi:10.1038/nmat1849. PMID   17330084.
  8. Grants awarded to the Department of Physics and Astronomy Manchester, via Research Councils UK.
  9. "Staff in the School of Physics and Astronomy". University of Manchester. 2015. Archived from the original on 13 January 2015.
  10. 1 2 Butterworth, J. M.; Cox, B. E.; Forshaw, J. R. (2002). "WW scattering at the CERN LHC" (PDF). Physical Review D. 65 (9): 096014. arXiv: hep-ph/0201098 . Bibcode:2002PhRvD..65i6014B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.65.096014.
  11. Miyoshi, M.; Moran, J.; Herrnstein, J.; Greenhill, L.; Nakai, N.; Diamond, P.; Inoue, M. (1995). "Evidence for a black hole from high rotation velocities in a sub-parsec region of NGC4258". Nature. 373 (6510): 127. Bibcode:1995Natur.373..127M. doi:10.1038/373127a0.
  12. Anon (2017). "Flavell, Prof. Wendy Ruth" . Who's Who (online Oxford University Press  ed.). Oxford: A & C Black. doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U281718.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  13. Anon (2015). "Geim, Sir Andre (Konstantin)" . Who's Who (online Oxford University Press  ed.). A & C Black. doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U245770.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  14. Anon (2015). "Novoselov, Sir Konstantin S." . Who's Who (online Oxford University Press  ed.). A & C Black. doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U256328.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  15. Anon (2015). "Wyatt, Prof. Terence Richard, (Terry)" . Who's Who (online Oxford University Press  ed.). A & C Black. doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U258414.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  16. Zijlstra, A. A.; Davis, R. J. (14 September 2012). "Sir Bernard Lovell (1913-2012)". Science. 337 (6100): 1307. Bibcode:2012Sci...337.1307Z. doi:10.1126/science.1229080. ISSN   0036-8075. PMID   22984062.
  17. 1 2 3 "School of Physics and Astronomy Timeline: 1870-2010". University of Manchester. 2015. Archived from the original on 9 December 2013.
  18. Lee, S.; Brown, G. E. (2007). "Hans Albrecht Bethe. 2 July 1906 -- 6 March 2005: Elected ForMemRS 1957". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society . 53: 1–20. doi:10.1098/rsbm.2007.0018.
  19. Lovell, B. (1975). "Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett, Baron Blackett, of Chelsea. 18 November 1897-13 July 1974". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society . 21: 1–115. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1975.0001.
  20. Cockcroft, J. D. (1963). "Niels Henrik David Bohr. 1885-1962". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society . 9: 36–53. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1963.0002.
  21. Phillips, D. (1979). "William Lawrence Bragg. 31 March 1890-1 July 1971". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society . 25: 74–143. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1979.0003. JSTOR   769842.
  22. Massey, H.; Feather, N. (1976). "James Chadwick. 20 October 1891 -- 24 July 1974". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society . 22: 10–70. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1976.0002.
  23. Oliphant, M. L. E.; Penney, L. (1968). "John Douglas Cockcroft. 1897-1967". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society . 14: 139–188. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1968.0007.
  24. "DAVIES, Prof. Rodney Deane" . Who's Who . Vol. 2015 (online Oxford University Press  ed.). A & C Black.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  25. J. H. Smith (2004). "Flowers, Brian Hilton, Baron Flowers (1924–2010)". The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/102721. ISBN   9780198614111.
  26. "SMITH, Sir Francis Graham-" . Who's Who . Vol. 2015 (online Oxford University Press  ed.). A & C Black.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.),
  27. "HALL, Prof. Henry Edgar" . Who's Who . Vol. 2015 (online Oxford University Press  ed.). A & C Black.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  28. Smith, F. G.; Davies, R.; Lyne, A. (2012). "Bernard Lovell (1913–2012)". Nature. 488 (7413): 592. Bibcode:2012Natur.488..592S. doi: 10.1038/488592a . PMID   22932377.
  29. Zijlstra, A. A.; Davis, R. J. (2012). "Sir Bernard Lovell (1913-2012)". Science. 337 (6100): 1307. Bibcode:2012Sci...337.1307Z. doi:10.1126/science.1229080. PMID   22984062.
  30. Ernest Rutherford (2004). "Moseley, Henry Gwyn Jeffreys (1887–1915)". The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/35125.
  31. Pippard, B. (1998). "Sir Nevill Francis Mott, C. H. 30 September 1905-8 August 1996". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society . 44: 315–328. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1998.0021.
  32. Eve, A. S.; Chadwick, J. (1938). "Lord Rutherford 1871–1937". Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society . 2 (6): 394. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1938.0025.
  33. Simpson, G. C. (1935). "Sir Arthur Schuster. 1851-1934". Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society . 1 (4): 408–423. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1935.0006. JSTOR   768973.
  34. P. J. Hartog (2004). "Stewart, Balfour (1828–1887), physicist and meteorologist". The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography . doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/26463.
  35. Isobel Falconer (2004). "Thomson, Sir Joseph John (1856–1940), physicist". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/36506.
  36. Anon (2015). "Donnachie, Prof. Alexander" . Who's Who (online Oxford University Press  ed.). A & C Black. doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U13921.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  37. Anon (2015). "Lyne, Prof. Andrew Geoffrey" . Who's Who (online Oxford University Press  ed.). A & C Black. doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U25178.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  38. Anon (2015). "Marshall, Prof. Robin" . Who's Who (online Oxford University Press  ed.). A & C Black. doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U26756.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  39. Anon (2015). "Moore, Prof. Michael Arthur" . Who's Who (online Oxford University Press  ed.). A & C Black. doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U27958.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)