A wedding is a ceremony where two people are united in marriage. Wedding traditions and customs vary greatly between cultures,ethnic groups,races,religions,denominations,countries,social classes,and sexual orientations. Most wedding ceremonies involve an exchange of marriage vows by a couple,presentation of a gift,and a public proclamation of marriage by an authority figure or celebrant. Special wedding garments are often worn,and the ceremony is sometimes followed by a wedding reception. Music,poetry,prayers,or readings from religious texts or literature are also commonly incorporated into the ceremony,as well as superstitious customs.
The Three Kingdoms of Cao Wei,Shu Han,and Eastern Wu dominated China from 220 to 280 AD following the end of the Han dynasty. This period was preceded by the Eastern Han dynasty and followed by the Western Jin dynasty. Academically,the periodisation begins with the establishment of Cao Wei in 220 and ends with the conquest of Wu by Jin in 280. The period immediately preceding the Three Kingdoms from 184 to 220 was marked by chaotic infighting among warlords across China as Han authority collapsed. The period from 220 to 263 was marked by a comparatively stable arrangement between Cao Wei,Shu Han,and Eastern Wu. This stability broke down with the conquest of Shu by Wei in 263,followed by the usurpation of Cao Wei by Jin in 266,and ultimately the conquest of Wu by Jin in 280.
Year 220 (CCXX) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. At the time,it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Antonius and Eutychianus. The denomination 220 for this year has been used since the early medieval period,when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
Sun Quan,courtesy name Zhongmou (仲謀),posthumously known as Emperor Da of Wu,was the founder of Eastern Wu,one of the Three Kingdoms of China. He inherited control of the warlord regime established by his elder brother,Sun Ce,in 200. He declared formal independence and ruled from November 222 to May 229 as the King of Wu and from May 229 to May 252 as the Emperor of Wu. Unlike his rivals Cao Cao and Liu Bei,Sun Quan was much younger than they were and governed his state mostly separate of politics and ideology. He is sometimes portrayed as neutral considering he adopted a flexible foreign policy between his two rivals with the goal of pursuing the greatest interests for the country.
Romance of the Three Kingdoms is a 14th-century historical novel attributed to Luo Guanzhong. It is set in the turbulent years towards the end of the Han dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period in Chinese history,starting in 184 AD and ending with the reunification of the land in 280 by the Western Jin. The novel is based primarily on the Records of the Three Kingdoms,written by Chen Shou in the 3rd century.
Guan Yu,courtesy name Yunchang,was a Chinese military general serving under the warlord Liu Bei during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. Along with Zhang Fei,he shared a brotherly relationship with Liu Bei and accompanied him on most of his early exploits. Guan Yu played a significant role in the events leading up to the end of the Han dynasty and the establishment of Liu Bei's state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period. While he is remembered for his loyalty towards Liu Bei,he is also known for repaying Cao Cao's kindness by slaying Yan Liang,a general under Cao Cao's rival Yuan Shao,at the Battle of Boma. After Liu Bei gained control of Yi Province in 214,Guan Yu remained in Jing Province to govern and defend the area for about seven years. In 219,while he was away fighting Cao Cao's forces at the Battle of Fancheng,Liu Bei's ally Sun Quan broke the Sun–Liu alliance and sent his general LüMeng to conquer Liu Bei's territories in Jing Province. By the time Guan Yu found out about the loss of Jing Province after his defeat at Fancheng,it was too late. He was subsequently captured in an ambush by Sun Quan's forces and executed.
Wu,known in historiography as Eastern Wu or Sun Wu,was a dynastic state of China and one of the three major states that competed for supremacy over China in the Three Kingdoms period. It previously existed from 220 to 222 as a vassal kingdom nominally under Cao Wei,its rival state,but declared complete independence from Cao Wei in November 222. It was elevated to an empire in May 229 after its founding ruler,Sun Quan,declared himself emperor.
A wedding cake is the traditional cake served at wedding receptions following dinner. In some parts of England,the wedding cake is served at a wedding breakfast;the 'wedding breakfast' does not mean the meal will be held in the morning,but at a time following the ceremony on the same day. In modern Western culture,the cake is usually on display and served to guests at the reception. Traditionally,wedding cakes were made to bring good luck to all guests and the couple. Nowadays,however,they are more of a centerpiece to the wedding and are not always even served to the guests. Some cakes are built with only a single edible tier for the bride and groom to share,but this is rare since the cost difference between fake and real tiers is minimal.
A mooncake is a Chinese bakery product traditionally eaten during the Mid-Autumn Festival (中秋節). The festival is primarily about the harvest while a legend connects it to moon watching,and mooncakes are regarded as a delicacy. Mooncakes are offered between friends or on family gatherings while celebrating the festival. The Mid-Autumn Festival is widely regarded as one of the four most important Chinese festivals.
A sweetheart cake or wife cake or marriage pie is a traditional Chinese cake with a thin crust of flaky pastry,made with a filling of winter melon,almond paste,and sesame,and spiced with five spice powder. "Wife cake" is the translation of 老婆饼from Chinese,and although the meaning is "wife",the literal translation is "old lady cake",paralleling the colloquial usage of "old lady" for "wife" in English. In Hong Kong,it is known as a specialty of the Yuen Long District.
The Battle of Red Cliffs,also known as the Battle of Chibi,was a decisive naval battle in China that took place during the winter of AD 208–209. It was fought on the Yangtze River between the forces of warlords controlling different parts of the country during the end of the Han dynasty. The allied forces of Sun Quan,Liu Bei,and Liu Qi based south of the Yangtze defeated the numerically superior forces of the northern warlord Cao Cao. In so doing,Liu Bei and Sun Quan prevented Cao Cao from conquering any lands south of the Yangtze,frustrating Cao Cao's efforts to reunify the territories formerly held by the Eastern Han dynasty.
Longmen is a town of 7000 in Fuyang District,Hangzhou,northwestern Zhejiang province,People's Republic of China,located 17 kilometres (11 mi) south of the center of Fuyang District. The town lies south of the Fuchun River,at the foothills of the Xianxia Range,and oversees 11 administrative villages. Over 90% of its people are surnamed Sun.
The end of the Han dynasty was the period of Chinese history from 189 to 220 CE,roughly coinciding with the tumultuous reign of the Han dynasty's last ruler,Emperor Xian. It was followed by the Three Kingdoms era. During the end of the Han dynasty,the country was thrown into turmoil by the Yellow Turban Rebellion (184–205). Meanwhile,the Han Empire's institutions were destroyed by the warlord Dong Zhuo and fractured into regional regimes ruled by various warlords,some of whom were nobles and officials of the Han imperial court. The warlord Cao Cao took control of Emperor Xian and his court in 196 and began gradually reunifying the empire. Cao Cao ostensibly operated under Emperor Xian's rule,though in reality the emperor was a hostage.
Zhu Ran,born Shi Ran,courtesy name Yifeng,was a Chinese military general of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China. Despite being a childhood friend of Wu's founding emperor,Sun Quan,he was never given an important position or assignment before LüMeng's invasion of southern Jing Province in 219,wherein he assisted in capturing the enemy commander,Guan Yu. Following the Battle of Xiaoting,Wu's rival state,Cao Wei,launched a three-pronged strike on Wu's northwestern,middle,and eastern borders. Zhu Ran was sent to the northwestern border,where he defended the city of Jiangling with only 5,000 troops against an enemy force about ten times greater. He rose to fame and became feared throughout Wei. He then participated in a series of military operations against Wei,during which he defeated several enemy units,but the overall objectives were never met. Before his death,Zhu Ran was granted authority to oversee matters within the army.
LüMeng's invasion of Jing Province was fought between the warlords Sun Quan and Liu Bei in the winter of 219–220 in the late Eastern Han dynasty. Sun Quan's forces,led by LüMeng,invaded Liu Bei's territories in southern Jing Province,which covered present-day Hubei and Hunan. The campaign occurred after the Battle of Fancheng and concluded with victory for Sun Quan's forces,who completely captured all of Liu Bei's territories. Guan Yu,Liu Bei's general guarding those territories,was captured and executed by Sun Quan's forces. The fall of Jing Province and Guan Yu's death provided the trigger for the Battle of Xiaoting between Liu Bei and Sun Quan between 221 and 222.
In the United States and Canada,weddings follow traditions often based on religion,culture,and social norms. Most wedding traditions in the United States and Canada were assimilated from other,generally European,countries. Marriages in the U.S. and Canada are typically arranged by the participants and ceremonies may either be religious or civil. There is a tradition that the prospective bridegroom ask his future father-in-law for his blessing.
Ang ku kueh,also known as red tortoise cake,is a small round or oval-shaped Chinese sweet dumpling with soft,sticky glutinous rice flour skin wrapped around a sweet central filling. It is molded to resemble a tortoise shell and is presented resting on a square piece of banana leaf. As suggested by its name,red tortoise cakes are traditionally red in color and has a sticky,chewy texture when eaten. Red tortoise cakes are shaped like tortoise shells because the Chinese traditionally believed that eating tortoises would bring longevity to those who are eating it and bring about good fortune and prosperity. Considered to be auspicious items,these sweet pastries are especially prepared during important festivals such as Chinese New Year as offerings to the Chinese deities.
Jingzhou or Jing Province was one of the Nine Provinces of ancient China referenced in early Chinese texts such as the Tribute of Yu,Erya,and Rites of Zhou.
The Sun–Liu territorial dispute was a military conflict between the warlords Sun Quan and Liu Bei in 215 during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. While Sun Quan and Liu Bei had initially formed an alliance in 208 against their common rival Cao Cao,both sides got into a territorial dispute over the territories in southern Jing Province in the early 210s. The dispute ended when both sides agreed to divide the territories along the Xiang River between their respective domains:Sun Quan took the lands east of the river while Liu Bei kept those west of the river. Despite a peaceful settlement to the territorial dispute,Sun Quan ultimately sent his forces to attack Liu Bei's territories in an invasion in 219 and succeeded in capturing all of them.
