Echinochloa esculenta

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Echinochloa esculenta
Japanese barnyard millet.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae
Subfamily: Panicoideae
Genus: Echinochloa
Species:
E. esculenta
Binomial name
Echinochloa esculenta
(A.Braun) H.Scholz
Synonyms [1]

Echinochloa crus-galli subsp. utilis(Ohwi & Yabuno) T.Koyama
Echinochloa crus-galli var. utilis(Ohwi & Yabuno) Kit.
Echinochloa utilisOhwi & Yabuno
Panicum esculentumA.Braun

Contents

Echinochloa esculenta is a species of grass in the family Poaceae. [1] [2] [3] It is referred to by the common names Japanese barnyard millet or Japanese millet, is a species of Echinochloa that is cultivated on a small scale in India, Japan, China and Korea, both as a food and for animal fodder. It is grown in areas where the land is unsuitable or the climate too cool for paddy rice cultivation. However, the development of rice varieties that can withstand cold has led to a sharp decline in the cultivation of Japanese barnyard millet, in favor of rice. The earliest records of the domesticated form date to 2000 BC from the Jōmon period of Japan.[ citation needed ]

Japanese barnyard millet was domesticated from Echinochloa crus-galli . [4] [5] As is common for grain domestication, it underwent grain enlargement. That part of the process took one to two thousand years, occurring in Japan. [4]

Etymology

Echinochloa esculenta from the Seikei Zusetsu agricultural encyclopedia Leiden University Library - Seikei Zusetsu vol. 20, page 003 - Bai  - Echinochloa esculenta (A.Braun) H.Scholz, 1804.jpg
Echinochloa esculenta from the Seikei Zusetsu agricultural encyclopedia

Echinochloa is derived from Greek and means 'hedgehog-grass'. [6]

Esculenta means ‘fit to eat’, ‘edible [by humans]’, or ‘full of food'. [6]

See also

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Echinochloa colonum, commonly known as jungle rice, wild rice, deccan grass, jharua or awnless barnyard grass, is a type of wild grass originating from tropical Asia. It was formerly classified as a species of Panicum. It is the wild ancestor of the cultivated cereal crop Echinochloa frumentacea, sawa millet. Some taxonomists treat the two taxa as one species, in which case the domesticated forms may also be referred to as E. colonum.

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<i>Echinochloa crus-galli</i> Species of plant

Echinochloa crus-galli is a type of wild grass originating from tropical Asia that was formerly classified as a type of panicum grass. It is commonly known as cockspur, barnyard millet, Japanese millet, water grass, common barnyard grass, or simply "barnyard grass". This plant can grow to 60" in height and has long, flat leaves which are often purplish at the base. Most stems are upright, but some will spread out over the ground. Stems are flattened at the base. The seed heads are a distinctive feature, often purplish, with large millet-like seeds in crowded spikelets.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of agriculture</span>

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References

  1. 1 2 "Echinochloa esculenta (A.Braun) H.Scholz". Plants of the World Online. The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. n.d. Retrieved September 25, 2020.
  2. "Echinochloa esculenta (A.Braun) H.Scholz". World Flora Online. The World Flora Online Consortium. n.d. Retrieved September 25, 2020.
  3. "Echinochloa esculenta (A.Braun) H.Scholz". Global Diversity Information Facility. GBIF Secretariat. n.d. Retrieved September 25, 2020.
  4. 1 2 Purugganan, Michael D.; Fuller, Dorian Q. (2009). "The nature of selection during plant domestication". Nature . Nature Research. 457 (7231): 843–848. doi:10.1038/nature07895. ISSN   0028-0836.
  5. Hilu, Khidir W. (1994). "Evidence from RAPD markers in the evolution of Echinochloa millets (Poaceae)". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 189 (3): 247–257. doi:10.1007/BF00939730. S2CID   33838562.
  6. 1 2 Gledhill, David (2008). "The Names of Plants". Cambridge University Press. ISBN   9780521866453 (hardback), ISBN   9780521685535 (paperback). p 149, 158