Effects of Cyclone Amphan in India

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Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
Disc Plain black.svg Tropical cyclone
Solid black.svg Subtropical cyclone
ArrowUp.svg Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

During 13 May 2020, an area of low pressure developed over the Southeastern Bay of Bengal about 1020 km (635 mi) to the southeast of Visakhapatnam in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. [3] [4]

Over the next couple of days, the system became more marked as it gradually consolidated further, with bands of deep atmospheric convection wrapping into the system's low-level center. [5] [6] During 16 May, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) reported that the area of low pressure had developed into a depression and designated it as BOB 01 while it was located about 1,100 km (685 mi) to the south of Paradip in the Indian state of Odisha. [7] Moving northwards, the depression continually organized and became a cyclonic storm a few hours later, receiving the name Amphan. Due to conductive environments., Amphan underwent rapid intensification into a severe cyclonic storm, with the JTWC assessing an increase in winds from 140 km/h (87 mph) at 12:00 UTC to 215 km/h (134 mph), the equivalent to a Category 4 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson scale (SSHWS), just six hours later. [8] Furthermore, the IMD upgraded Amphan to an extremely severe cyclonic storm on their cyclone intensity scale. [9] The broad storm was characterized by a cloud shield extending more than 1,110 km (690 mi) and a sharply-outlined 10 nautical mile-wide eye. [10]

On May 18, the IMD classified Amphan as a Super Cyclonic Storm, with 3-minute sustained winds of 240 kph, reaching its peak intensity later that day. [11]

Early on May 20, Amphan went through an eyewall replacement cycle. [12] Amphan was on a weakening trend. [13] Around 5:30 p.m. IST (12:00 UTC), Amphan made landfall as a Very Severe Cyclonic storm near Bakkhali, West Bengal with winds of 155 km/h (96 mph). [14] As it moved further inland, Amphan rapidly weakened. Just six hours after landfall, the JTWC downgraded the storm to a Category 1-equivalent cyclone and issued its final warning on the system, as it became disorganized. [15] On 21 May, Amphan dissipated into a well-marked low pressure area.

Preparations

Amphan approaching East India and Bangladesh on 19 May Amphan 2020-05-19 0736Z.jpg
Amphan approaching East India and Bangladesh on 19 May

Odisha

The government of Odisha directed the magistrates of four districts on 15 May to establish shelter homes for possible evacuees. [16] Odisha Chief Secretary Asit Kumar Tripathy initially identified 403 possible cyclone shelters in areas potentially impacted by Amphan, though 105 served as temporary medical centres for quarantines associated with the concurrent COVID-19 pandemic. [17] Shelters could only be filled to one-third capacity to maintain social distancing guidelines due to the pandemic. [18] [19]

West Bengal

Satellite animation of Amphan rapidly intensifying on 17 May. Amphan 1825 190520.gif
Satellite animation of Amphan rapidly intensifying on 17 May.

Social distancing restrictions in West Bengal reduced evacuation capacity in shelters from 500,000 people to 200,000 people. [20] The Kolkata Municipal Corporation located schools and community centres for possible use as temporary shelters to augment evacuation capacity. [21] [22] At least 1,704 shelters were ultimately established in Odisha and more than 2,000 were used in West Bengal, including schools and public buildings. [23] The government of West Bengal planned to evacuate 200,000 people from their homes by 18 May; [24] nearly 300,000 people evacuated in total from the state, including 200,000 from North 24 Parganas district and more than 40,000 from Sagar Island. [25] [26] [27]

Impact

West Bengal

Damage from Cyclone Amphan in Kolkata Kolkata after Amphan 06.jpg
Damage from Cyclone Amphan in Kolkata

The coastal districts recorded an estimated gusts of 180 km/h (110 mph). [28]

In Kolkata, reports of car being overturned, trees uprooted and downed power lines caused into havoc. Some parts of the city remained without power. The streets were waterlogged and trees blocking the roads. Some districts got power in the middle of the night after the storm had passed. The airport was remained shut and became waterlogged, many structural damages were reported. [29] Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee even stated that "a bigger disaster than Covid-19". [28] Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Airport, Kolkata, recorded highest wind speed of 133 km/h on 20 May 2020. Other parts of Kolkata experienced wind speed of 110–130 km/h. [30]

Odisha

Although the state have escaped the worst part of the cyclone, it caused significant impact in the Odisha–West Bengal border districts. It affected 4.5 million people in the state. Due to high gust winds and intense rainfall, districts like Bhadrak and Kendrapara suffered especially for the paddy farmers since the paddy fields became unsuitable for paddy cultivation which was inundated by saline water due to storm surge. According to the Odisha Government, 3 million people remained without power due to power outage and it took a while to return to normalcy whereas the roads were being cleared by the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF). In Mahakalapada and Rajanagar, around 500 acres (200 ha) of lands were destroyed also because of saline water ingression and hundreds of acres of rabi crops were destroyed in Balasore and Bhadrak district. [31]

In the Dharma Port, an estimated wind speed of 120 km/h (75 mph) were recorded while Paradip recorded only 100 km/h (60 mph). [32]

South India

Amphan weakening over Bangladesh as unsettled weather extends into Bhutan Amphan 2020.gif
Amphan weakening over Bangladesh as unsettled weather extends into Bhutan

Rains and strong winds from Amphan swept across many districts in Kerala beginning on May 16. [33] Thunderstorms associated with Amphan caused severe coastal erosion in the Valiyathura suburb of Thiruvananthapuram, damaging roads and destroying homes and threatening to displace over a hundred families from their homes. [34] Strong winds inflicted severe damage in Kottayam district, especially in Vaikom taluk, where homes and temples were impacted and trees and electric poles were downed. [35]

A ₹1.47 billion (US$19.3 million) damage toll resulted from the destruction of 16 homes and the partial damage of 313 homes. [36] A high school used as a homeless shelter collapsed, causing minor injuries. [35]

Tamil Nadu faced some impact from the cyclone. Heavy winds damaged at least 100 boats anchored in the Ramanathapuram district. [37] Coastal erosion from rough seas generated by Amphan led to the collapse of three houses at Bommayarpalayam in Viluppuram district. [38] Roughly 35 acres of banana crops around Gandarvakottai and Aranthangi were destroyed. [39] Northern areas of the state have heatwave-like conditions for a week because Amphan took all of the area's moisture. [40]

In Sooradapeta, near Kakinada in Andhra Pradesh, rough seas destroyed 35 homes and damaged several others. [41]

Aftermath

International Relief

German NGO Welthungerlife released 100,000 Euro to fund Cyclone Amphan relief efforts. [42]

West Bengal

Prime Minister Narendra Modi making an aerial survey of Cyclone Amphan affected areas of West Bengal on May 22, 2020. The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi makes an aerial survey of Amphan Cyclone affected areas in West Bengal, on May 22, 2020 (1).jpg
Prime Minister Narendra Modi making an aerial survey of Cyclone Amphan affected areas of West Bengal on May 22, 2020.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi held a review meeting after the aerial survey of the Cyclone Amphan affected areas of West Bengal, in Basirhat on May 22, 2020. The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi holds review meeting with the officials at Basirhat, West Bengal after his aerial survey of the Amphan Cyclone affected areas in the state, on May 22, 2020 (3).jpg
Prime Minister Narendra Modi held a review meeting after the aerial survey of the Cyclone Amphan affected areas of West Bengal, in Basirhat on May 22, 2020.

On 22 May, Prime Minister Narendra Modi conducted an aerial survey over Kolkata, along with Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee. [43] Modi announced a ₹10 billion (US$132 million) immediate relief package for West Bengal and ₹5 billion (US$66.2 million) in relief for Odisha. [44] [45] In advance, Modi announced that ₹200,000 (US$2,650) would be provided to the next of kin of people who died during the storm, and ₹50,000 (US$660) would be given to each injured person. [44] West Bengal CM Banerjee stated that it would take three to four days to assess the damage. [46] Twenty disaster relief teams were dispatched by the Indian Coast Guard to begin search and rescue operations. [46] Ten teams were sent to West Bengal to aid recovery, in addition to the NDRF teams pre-positioned there before Amphan's passage. [47] Also since most of the water pumps are operated in electricity and due to no electricity, several district suffered from water shortage which caused additional protest. [48] Approximately 1,000 ground teams worked to restore infrastructure and services in West Bengal after Amphan, though only 25–30 percent of workers were staffed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. [49] The resulting slow restoration of power sparked protests across West Bengal aimed primarily at electricity company CESC. [50] Some restoration efforts were disrupted by these protests. [51] The Home Department of West Bengal requested additional crews from railway and port interest, while five brigades from the Indian Army were deployed in Kolkata and the 24 Parganas districts to support recovery efforts. [47] [50] The government of Odisha sent 500 members of its disaster rapid action force and fire service to West Bengal. [47]

The European Union stated that it would initially provide €500,000 (US$545,000) for those affected by the storm in India. [47]

Odisha

Additional assistance was requested from Jharkhand and Odisha. [49] Odisha Chief Minister Naveen Patnaik performed an aerial survey of the damage in his state following Amphan. [52]

See also

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">2005 North Indian Ocean cyclone season</span> Cyclone season in the North Indian ocean

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">1992 North Indian Ocean cyclone season</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">2006 North Indian Ocean cyclone season</span> North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone season

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyclone Sidr</span> 2007 tropical cyclone that struck Bangladesh

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">2000 North Indian Ocean cyclone season</span> Cyclone season in the North Indian ocean

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">1995 North Indian Ocean cyclone season</span> Cyclone season 1995 in the North Indian ocean

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">2002 West Bengal cyclone</span> North Indian cyclone in 2002

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">2017 North Indian Ocean cyclone season</span> North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone season

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">2018 North Indian Ocean cyclone season</span> North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone season

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">2020 North Indian Ocean cyclone season</span> North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone season

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyclone Fani</span> North Indian Ocean cyclone in 2019

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyclone Matmo–Bulbul</span> West Pacific and North Indian cyclone in 2019

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyclone Amphan</span> North Indian Ocean cyclone in 2020

Super Cyclonic Storm Amphan was an extremely powerful and catastrophic tropical cyclone that caused widespread damage in Eastern India, specifically in West Bengal and Odisha, and in Bangladesh, in May 2020. It was the strongest tropical cyclone to strike the Ganges Delta. It was also the fourth super cyclone that hit West Bengal and Kolkata since 2015 as well as being one of the strongest storms to impact the area. Causing over US$13 billion of damage, Amphan is also the costliest cyclone ever recorded in the North Indian Ocean, surpassing the record held by Cyclone Nargis of 2008.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyclone Nisarga</span> North Indian Ocean cyclone in 2020

Severe Cyclonic Storm Nisarga was the strongest tropical cyclone to strike the Indian state of Maharashtra in the month of June since 1891. It was also the first cyclone to impact Raigad & Mumbai since Phyan of 2009. The third depression and second named cyclone of the 2020 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Nisarga originated as a depression in the Arabian Sea and moved generally northward. On 2 June, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) upgraded the system to a cyclonic storm, assigning the name Nisarga. On the next day, Nisarga further intensified to a severe cyclonic storm and turned to the northeast, ultimately making landfall approximately 95 km (60 mi) south of Mumbai. Nisarga rapidly weakened once inland and dissipated on 4 June.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyclone Titli</span> Deadly tropical cyclone that impacted the East coast of India

Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Titli was a deadly and destructive tropical cyclone that caused extensive damage to Eastern India in October 2018. Titli was the twelfth depression and fifth named storm to form in the 2018 North Indian Ocean cyclone season. Titli originated from a low pressure area in the Andaman Sea on October 7. With warm sea surface temperatures and low wind shear, the low developed into a depression on October 8 in the central Bay of Bengal. It was tracked and followed by the India Meteorological Department (IMD), which also issued warnings and notices for the public. Titli continued to intensify at it moved toward the southeast Indian coast, becoming a very severe cyclonic storm, equivalent to a minimal hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson scale. It attained the intensity at the same time Cyclone Luban in the Arabian Sea was at the same intensity, marking the first instance since 1977 of simultaneous storms. The IMD estimated peak winds of 150 km/h (95 mph), while the American-based Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) estimated peak winds of 195 km/h (120 mph). Late on October 10, Titli made landfall in Andhra Pradesh, and it quickly weakened over land as it turned to the northeast. It degenerated into a remnant low on October 12.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Effects of the 2020 North Indian Ocean cyclone season in India</span>

The effects of the 2020 North Indian Ocean cyclone season in India was considered one of the worst in decades, largely due to Super Cyclonic Storm Amphan. Throughout most of the year, a series of cyclones impacted the country, with the worst damage occurring in May, from Cyclone Amphan. The season started with Super Cyclonic Storm Amphan, which affected East India with very severe damages. 98 total people died from the storm. Approximately 1,167 km (725 mi) of power lines of varying voltages, 126,540 transformers, and 448 electrical substations were affected, leaving 3.4 million without power. Damage to the power grid reached ₹3.2 billion. Four people died in Odisha, two from collapsed objects, one due to drowning, and one from head trauma. Across the ten affected districts in Odisha, 4.4 million people were impacted in some way by the cyclone. At least 500 homes were destroyed and a further 15,000 were damaged. Nearly 4,000 livestock, primarily poultry, died. The cyclone was strongest at its northeast section. The next storm was a depression that did not affect India. Then Severe Cyclonic Storm Nisarga hit Maharashtra, with high damages. Nisarga caused 6 deaths and 16 injuries in the state. Over 5,033 ha of land were damaged.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyclone Yaas</span> North Indian Ocean cyclone in 2021

Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Yaas was a relatively strong and very damaging tropical cyclone that made landfall in Odisha and brought significant impacts to West Bengal during late May 2021. The second cyclonic storm, second severe cyclonic storm, and second very severe cyclonic storm of the 2021 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Yaas formed from a tropical disturbance that the Indian Meteorological Department first monitored on May 23. Conditions in the basin favored development as the system became a deep depression later that day, before intensifying into a cyclonic storm on the next day, receiving the name Yaas. The system further intensified as it turned to the northeast, becoming a severe cyclonic storm on May 24 despite moderate wind shear. Marginally favorable conditions further continued as Yaas accelerated northeastward, strengthening to a Category 1-equivalent tropical cyclone and to a very severe cyclonic storm on May 25. Yaas crossed the northern Odisha coast around 20 km south of Balasore at its peak intensity as a very severe cyclonic storm on May 26. Upon landfall, the JTWC and IMD issued their final advisories as Yaas further weakened inland while turning north-northwestwards.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyclone Jawad</span> North Indian Ocean cyclone in 2021

Cyclonic Storm Jawad was a weak tropical cyclone that caused disruptions over the East India and Bangladesh while bringing heavy rainfall and strong winds over these states as a weakened system. The tenth depression, sixth deep depression and fifth cyclonic storm of the active 2021 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, its predecessor was first tracked by Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) in the South China Sea as an area of low pressure. It then moved west-northwestwards into the Gulf of Thailand, where it crossed into the Andaman Sea by December 1. Near midnight of that day, the JTWC issued a TCFA on the system and on the next day, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) upgraded the system to a depression after passing through the Nicobar Islands. Further intensification ensued as the depression tracked through environmental conditions favorable for strengthening, and the system was upgraded into a deep depression on December 3 and into a cyclonic storm by 06:00 UTC that day, with the IMD naming it Jawad. However, this intensification was short-lived, as the system weakened to a deep depression back due to wind shear.

References

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  36. ↑ "Temples, houses suffer damage in storm in Kerala". Deccan Herald. Thiruvananthapuram, India: The Printers. Deccan Herald News Service. 18 May 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  37. ↑ "100 boats damaged in heavy winds". The Hindu. Rameswarm, India: THG Publishing. 18 May 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  38. ↑ Marx, Karal (19 May 2020). "Cyclone Amphan: Three houses collapse in TN due to coastal erosion". The Times of India. Bennett, Coleman & Company. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  39. ↑ "Tamil Nadu reports widespread destruction of Banana crops after strong winds and rain hit coastal districts". All India Radio. 19 May 2020. Archived from the original on 19 May 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  40. ↑ "Chennai braces for heatwave due to super cyclone Amphan, mercury breaches 40-degree mark". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
  41. ↑ "Fishermen hamlet reels under Amphan impact". The Hindu. 20 May 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  42. ↑ "Cyclone Amphan Complicates COVID-19 Response as Relief Efforts Underway in Bangladesh and India's West Bengal State - Health Policy Watch". 25 May 2020.
  43. ↑ "In PM Modi's aerial survey of cyclone-hit Bengal, CM Mamata a co-traveller". Hindustan Times. 22 May 2020. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  44. 1 2 "PM Modi announces Rs 1,000 cr immediate relief for Cyclone Amphan-hit Bengal". Hindustan Times. 22 May 2020. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  45. ↑ "PM Modi announces Rs 500 crore advance relief for cyclone-hit Odisha". Hindustan Times. 22 May 2020. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  46. 1 2 Regan, Helen; Westcott, Ben; Sud, Vedika; Suri, Manveena; Reynolds, Emma (20 May 2020). "Cyclone Amphan makes landfall in India and tracks for Kolkata". CNN. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  47. 1 2 3 4 "Cyclone Amphan: Protests erupt as Bengal reels under storm aftermath; Army deployed for restoration work". The Indian Express. 23 May 2020. Retrieved 25 May 2020.
  48. ↑ "People in Kolkata stage protests demanding restoration of power, water supply". India Today. May 22, 2020. Retrieved 2021-01-15.
  49. 1 2 "Mamata pegs cyclone Amphan damage at ₹1 lakh crore, toll rises to 86". The Hindu. THG Publishing. 23 May 2020. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  50. 1 2 Dutt, Ishita Ayan (23 May 2020). "After devastation from cyclone Amphan, Army deployed in West Bengal". Business Standard. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
  51. ↑ "Agitated mob obstructs telecom restoration work in Amphan-hit areas of West Bengal". Deccan Herald. Kolkata, India: The Printers. Press Trust of India. Retrieved 25 May 2020.
  52. ↑ "Cyclone Amphan LIVE Updates: Cyclone begins landfall, process to last for four hours". The Hans India. Hyderabad Media Hous. Hans News Service. 19 May 2020. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
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Cyclone Amphan
Amphan 2020-05-20 0730Z.jpg
Cyclone Amphan making landfall on West Bengal on 20 May