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Pre-vice presidency 36th Vice President of the United States Post-vice presidency 37th President of the United States
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Richard Nixon served as the 37th president of the United States from 1969 to 1974. He previously served as the 36th vice president of the United States from 1953 to 1961, and as a United States senator from 1950 to 1953 and United States representative from 1947 to 1950.
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Richard Nixon | 65,586 | 56.0 | |
Democratic | Jerry Voorhis | 49,994 | 42.7 | |
Prohibition | John Hoeppel | 1,476 | 1.3 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Richard Nixon (incumbent) | 21,411 | 52.2 | |
Democratic | Stephen Zetterberg | 16,808 | 41 | |
Democratic | Margaret Cooper | 2,772 | 6.8 |
Nixon ran unopposed in and won the 1948 Republican primary.
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Richard Nixon (incumbent) | 141,509 | 86.9 | |
Independent | Una Rice | 19,631 | 12 | |
Independent | Scattering | 1,667 | 1 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Helen Gahagan Douglas | 734,842 | 47 | |
Democratic | Manchester Boddy | 379,077 | 24.2 | |
Democratic | Richard Nixon | 318,840 | 20.4 | |
Democratic | Earl Desmond | 96,752 | 6.2 | |
Democratic | Ulysses Meyer | 34,707 | 2.2 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Richard Nixon | 740,465 | 64.6 | |
Republican | Manchester Boddy | 156,884 | 13.7 | |
Republican | Helen Gahagan Douglas | 153,788 | 13.4 | |
Republican | Earl Desmond | 60,613 | 5.3 | |
Republican | Ulysses Meyer | 18,783 | 1.6 | |
Republican | Albert Levitt | 15,929 | 1.4 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Richard Nixon | 2,183,454 | 59.2 | |
Democratic | Helen Gahagan Douglas | 1,502,507 | 40.8 |
1952 Republican National Convention (Vice Presidential tally): [1]
1952 United States Presidential Election Results:
Presidential candidate | Party | Home state | Popular vote | Electoral vote | Running mate | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Count | Percentage | Vice-presidential candidate | Home state | Electoral vote | ||||
Dwight David Eisenhower | Republican | New York [2] | 34,075,529 | 55.2% | 442 | Richard Milhous Nixon | California | 442 |
Adlai Ewing Stevenson II | Democratic | Illinois | 27,375,090 | 44.3% | 89 | John Jackson Sparkman | Alabama | 89 |
Vincent Hallinan | Progressive | California | 140,746 | 0.2% | 0 | Charlotta Bass | New York | 0 |
Stuart Hamblen | Prohibition | Texas | 73,412 | 0.1% | 0 | Enoch Holtwick | Illinois | 0 |
Douglas MacArthur | Constitution | Arkansas | 17,205 | 0.0% | 0 | Harry Byrd | Virginia | 0 |
Other | 87,165 | 0.1% | — | Other | — | |||
Total | 61,769,147 | 100% | 531 | 531 | ||||
Needed to win | 266 | 266 |
Source (Popular Vote):Leip, David. "1952 Presidential Election Results". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Retrieved August 1, 2005.Source (Electoral Vote): "Electoral College Box Scores 1789–1996". National Archives and Records Administration . Retrieved August 1, 2005.
1956 Republican Presidential Primaries: [3]
*Nixon was a write-in candidate in some states' presidential primaries and received 316 votes.
1956 Republican National Convention (Vice Presidential tally): [4]
1956 United States Presidential Election Results:
Presidential candidate | Party | Home state | Popular vote | Electoral vote | Running mate | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Count | Percentage | Vice-presidential candidate | Home state | Electoral vote | ||||
Dwight David Eisenhower (incumbent) | Republican | Pennsylvania [5] | 35,579,180 | 57.4% | 457 | Richard Milhous Nixon (incumbent) | California | 457 |
Adlai Ewing Stevenson II | Democratic | Illinois | 26,028,028 | 42.0% | 73 | (Carey) Estes Kefauver | Tennessee | 73 |
Walter Burgwyn Jones | Democratic | Alabama | —(a) | —(a) | 1 | Herman Talmadge | Georgia | 1 |
(unpledged electors) | (n/a) | (n/a) | 196,145 | 0.3% | 0 | (n/a) | (n/a) | 0 |
T. Coleman Andrews | States' Rights | Virginia | 107,929 | 0.2% | 0 | Thomas Werdel | California | 0 |
Other | 110,046 | 0.2% | — | Other | — | |||
Total | 62,021,328 | 100% | 531 | 531 | ||||
Needed to win | 266 | 266 |
Source (Popular Vote):Leip, David. "1956 Presidential Election Results". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Retrieved August 1, 2005.Source (Electoral Vote): "Electoral College Box Scores 1789–1996". National Archives and Records Administration . Retrieved August 1, 2005.
1960 Republican Presidential Primaries : [6]
1960 Republican National Convention (Presidential tally): [7]
1960 United States Presidential Election Results
Presidential candidate | Party | Home state | Popular vote | Electoral vote | Running mate | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Count | Percentage | Vice-presidential candidate | Home state | Electoral vote | ||||
John Fitzgerald Kennedy | Democratic | Massachusetts | 34,220,984(a) | 49.7% | 303 | Lyndon Baines Johnson | Texas | 303 |
Richard Milhous Nixon | Republican | California | 34,108,157 | 49.6% | 219 | Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. | Massachusetts | 219 |
Harry Flood Byrd | (none) | Virginia | —(b) | —(b) | 15 | James Strom Thurmond | South Carolina | 14 |
Barry Morris Goldwater (c) | Arizona | 1(c) | ||||||
( unpledged electors ) | Democratic | (n/a) | 286,359 | 0.4% | —(d) | (n/a) | (n/a) | —(d) |
Orval Faubus | States' Rights | Arkansas | 44,984 | 0.1% | 0 | John G. Crommelin | Alabama | 0 |
Charles Sullivan | Constitution | Mississippi | (TX) 18,162 | 0.0% | 0 | Merritt Curtis | California | 0 |
Other | 216,982 | 0.3% | — | Other | — | |||
Total | 68,895,628 | 100% | 537 | 537 | ||||
Needed to win | 269 | 269 |
There were 537 electoral votes, up from 531 in 1956, because of the addition of 2 U.S. Senators and 1 U.S. Representative from each of the new states of Alaska and Hawaii. (The House of Representatives was temporarily expanded from 435 members to 437 to accommodate this, and would go back to 435 when reapportioned according to the 1960 census.) Source (Popular Vote):Leip, David. "1960 Presidential Election Results". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Retrieved February 7, 2008.Note: Sullivan / Curtis ran only in Texas. In Washington, Constitution Party ran Curtis for President and B. N. Miller for vice-president, receiving 1,401 votes. Source (Electoral Vote): "Electoral College Box Scores 1789–1996". National Archives and Records Administration . Retrieved August 2, 2005.(a)This figure is problematic; see Alabama popular vote above.
(b)Byrd was not directly on the ballot. Instead, his electoral votes came from unpledged Democratic electors and a faithless elector.
(c)Oklahoma faithless elector Henry D. Irwin, though pledged to vote for Richard Nixon and Henry Cabot Lodge Jr., instead voted for non-candidate Harry F. Byrd. However, unlike other electors who voted for Byrd and Strom Thurmond as Vice President, Irwin voted for Barry Goldwater as Vice President.
(d)In Mississippi, the slate of unpledged Democratic electors won. They cast their 8 votes for Byrd and Thurmond.
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Pat Brown (incumbent) | 3,037,109 | 51.92 | |
Republican | Richard Nixon | 2,740,351 | 46.85 | |
Prohibition | Robert L. Wyckoff | 69,700 | 1.12 | |
Total votes | 5,929,602 | 100.00 |
1964 Republican Presidential Primaries : [8]
1968 Republican Presidential Primaries : [9]
1968 Republican National Convention (Presidential tally):
1968 United States Presidential Election Results :
Presidential candidate | Party | Home state | Popular vote | Electoral vote | Running mate | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Count | Percentage | Vice-presidential candidate | Home state | Electoral vote | ||||
Richard Milhous Nixon | Republican | New York [10] | 31,783,783 | 43.4% | 301 | Spiro Theodore Agnew | Maryland | 301 |
Hubert Horatio Humphrey | Democratic | Minnesota | 31,271,839 | 42.7% | 191 | Edmund Sixtus Muskie | Maine | 191 |
George Corley Wallace | American Independent | Alabama | 9,901,118 | 13.5% | 46 | Curtis Emerson LeMay | California [11] | 46 |
Eugene McCarthy | Independent | Minnesota | 25,634 | 0.0% | 0 | (None) | 0 | |
Other | 243,258 | 0.3% | — | Other | — | |||
Total | 73,199,998 | 100% | 538 | 538 | ||||
Needed to win | 270 | 270 |
Source (Popular Vote):Leip, David. "1968 Presidential Election Results". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Retrieved August 7, 2005.
Source (Electoral Vote): "Electoral College Box Scores 1789–1996". National Archives and Records Administration . Retrieved August 7, 2005.
1972 Republican Presidential Primaries : [12]
1972 Republican National Convention (Presidential tally): [13]
New York Conservative Party Presidential Convention, 1972: [14]
1972 United States Presidential Election Results:
Presidential candidate | Party | Home state | Popular vote | Electoral vote | Running mate | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Count | Percentage | Vice-presidential candidate | Home state | Electoral vote | ||||
Richard Milhous Nixon (incumbent) | Republican | California | 47,168,710 | 60.7% | 520 | Spiro Theodore Agnew (incumbent) | Maryland | 520 |
George Stanley McGovern | Democratic | South Dakota | 29,173,222 | 37.5% | 17 | Robert Sargent Shriver | Maryland | 17 |
John G. Hospers | Libertarian | California | 3,674 | 0.0% | 1(a) | Theodora Nathan | Oregon | 1(a) |
John G. Schmitz | American Independent | California | 1,100,868 | 1.4% | 0 | Thomas J. Anderson | Tennessee | 0 |
Linda Jenness | Socialist Workers | Georgia | 83,380(b) | 0.1% | 0 | Andrew Pulley | Illinois | 0 |
Benjamin Spock | People's | California | 78,759 | 0.1% | 0 | Julius Hobson | District of Columbia | 0 |
Other | 135,414 | 0.2% | — | Other | — | |||
Total | 77,744,027 | 100% | 538 | 538 | ||||
Needed to win | 270 | 270 |
Source (Popular Vote):Leip, David. "1972 Presidential Election Results". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Retrieved August 7, 2005.Source (Electoral Vote): "Electoral College Box Scores 1789–1996". National Archives and Records Administration . Retrieved August 7, 2005.(a)A Virginia faithless elector, Roger MacBride, though pledged to vote for Richard Nixon and Spiro Agnew, instead voted for Libertarian candidates John Hospers and Theodora Nathan.
(b)In Arizona, Pima and Yavapai counties had a ballot malfunction that counted many votes for both a major party candidate and Linda Jenness of the Socialist Workers Party. A court ordered that the ballots be counted for both. As a consequence, Jenness received 16% and 8% of the vote in Pima and Yavapai, respectively. 30,579 of her 30,945 Arizona votes are from those two counties. Some sources do not count these votes for Jenness.
Presidential elections were held in the United States on November 6, 1956. Incumbent Republican President Dwight D. Eisenhower and his running mate, incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon, were reelected, defeating for a second time Democrat Adlai Stevenson II, former Illinois governor. This election was the sixth and most recent rematch in American presidential history. It was the second time in which the winner was the same both times, the first being William McKinley's victories over William Jennings Bryan in 1896 and 1900. This was the last election before term limits established by the Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution, which first applied to Eisenhower, became effective.
Presidential elections were held in the United States on November 8, 1960. The Democratic ticket of Senator John F. Kennedy and his running mate, Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson, narrowly defeated the Republican ticket of incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon and his running mate, U.N. Ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. This was the first election in which 50 states participated, marking the first participation of Alaska and Hawaii, and the last in which the District of Columbia did not. This made it the only presidential election in which the threshold for victory was 269 electoral votes. It was also the first election in which an incumbent president—in this case, Dwight D. Eisenhower—was ineligible to run for a third term because of the term limits established by the 22nd Amendment.
Presidential elections were held in the United States on November 3, 1964. Incumbent Democratic President Lyndon B. Johnson defeated Republican Senator Barry Goldwater in a landslide victory. Johnson was the fourth and most recent vice president to succeed the presidency following the death of his predecessor and win a full term in his own right. Johnson won the largest share of the popular vote for the Democratic Party in history at 61.1%. As of 2024, this remains the highest popular vote percentage of any candidate since the advent of widespread popular elections in 1824.
In United States presidential elections, an unpledged elector is a person nominated to stand as an elector but who has not pledged to support any particular presidential or vice presidential candidate, and is free to vote for any candidate when elected a member of the Electoral College. Presidential elections are indirect, with voters in each state choosing electors on Election Day in November, and these electors choosing the president and vice president of the United States in December. Electors in practice have since the 19th century almost always agreed in advance to vote for a particular candidate — that is, they are said to have been pledged to that candidate. In several elections in the 20th century, however, competitive campaigns were mounted by candidates who made no pledge to any presidential nominee before the election. These anomalies largely arose from fissures within the Democratic Party over the issues of civil rights and segregation. No serious general election campaign has been mounted to elect unpledged electors in any state since 1964.
From March 10 to June 2, 1964, voters of the Republican Party elected 1,308 delegates to the 1964 Republican National Convention through a series of delegate selection primaries and caucuses, for the purpose of determining the party's nominee for president in the 1964 United States presidential election.
Hubert Horatio Humphrey served as the 38th vice president of the United States (1965–1969), as a United States senator from Minnesota, and as the 35th mayor of Minneapolis, Minnesota (1945–1948).
Electoral history of Lyndon B. Johnson, who served as the 36th president of the United States (1963–1969), the 37th vice president (1961–1963); and as a United States senator (1949–1961) and United States representative (1937–1949) from Texas.
The 1972 United States presidential election in California took place on November 7, 1972, as part of the 1972 United States presidential election. State voters chose 45 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
This is the electoral history of Adlai Stevenson II, who served as Governor of Illinois (1949–1953) and 5th United States Ambassador to the United Nations (1961–1965), and was twice the Democratic Party's nominee for President of the United States, losing both the 1952 and 1956 presidential general elections to Republican Dwight D. Eisenhower.
Electoral history of Barry Goldwater, United States Senator from Arizona and Republican Party nominee for President of the United States during 1964 election
From March 8 to June 7, 1960, voters of the Republican Party chose its nominee for president in the 1960 United States presidential election. Incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1960 Republican National Convention held from July 25 to July 28, 1960, in Chicago, Illinois.
The 1972 United States presidential election in Vermont took place on November 7, 1972, as part of the 1972 United States presidential election which was held throughout all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Voters chose three representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
The 1960 United States presidential election in New Jersey took place on November 8, 1960. All 50 states were part of the 1960 United States presidential election. Voters chose 16 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.
The 1972 United States presidential election in Florida was held on November 7, 1972, as part of the concurrent United States presidential election. Florida voters chose seventeen electors, or representatives to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. Incumbent Republican President Richard Nixon won the state over the Democratic nominee, South Dakota Senator George McGovern, by a landslide margin of 44.11% and over one million votes.
The 1956 United States presidential election in Minnesota took place on November 6, 1956, as part of the 1956 United States presidential election. Voters chose 11 electors, or representatives to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
The 1972 United States presidential election in Idaho took place on November 7, 1972, as part of the 1972 United States presidential election. Idaho voters chose four representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
The 1968 United States presidential election in Mississippi was held on November 5, 1968. Mississippi voters chose seven electors, or representatives to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice-President. During the 1960s, the Civil Rights Movement dictated Mississippi's politics, with effectively the entire white population vehemently opposed to federal policies of racial desegregation and black voting rights. In 1960, the state had been narrowly captured by a slate of unpledged Democratic electors, but in 1964 universal white opposition to the Civil Rights Act and negligible black voter registration meant that white Mississippians turned almost unanimously to Republican Barry Goldwater. Goldwater's support for "constitutional government and local self-rule" meant that the absence from the ballot of "states' rights" parties or unpledged electors was unimportant. The Arizona Senator was one of only six Republicans to vote against the Civil Rights Act, and so the small electorate of Mississippi supported him almost unanimously.
The 1956 United States presidential election in Mississippi was held on November 6, 1956. Mississippi voters chose eight representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
The 1956 United States presidential election in Louisiana took place on November 6, 1956, as part of the 1956 United States presidential election. State voters chose ten representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
The 1956 United States presidential election in Maryland took place on November 6, 1956, as part of the 1956 United States presidential election. State voters chose nine representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.