The following is a list of the 83 known endemic bird species in Colombia (about 4% of Colombian species) with notes about their general distribution. [1] [2] Twenty-three (28%) of the species are found only in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, an isolated mountain range in northern Colombia with a very high degree of endemism.
| Scientific name | Common name | Status [3] | Distribution [4] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cracidae | |||
| Ortalis garrula | Chestnut-winged chachalaca | Caribbean Region between Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and the Sinú River | |
| Ortalis columbiana | Colombian chachalaca | Slopes of the Inter-Andean Valleys | |
| Penelope perspicax | Cauca guan | Endangered | Slopes of West & Central Andes (Valle del Cauca, Risaralda, Quindío, Cauca) |
| Crax alberti | Blue-billed curassow | Critically endangered | Spottily in forested mountains of northern Colombia |
| Odontophoridae | |||
| Odontophorus hyperythrus | Chestnut wood-quail | Near threatened | Slope of West and Central Andes |
| Odontophorus strophium | Gorgeted wood-quail | Endangered | West slope of East Andes |
| Columbidae | |||
| Leptotila conoveri | Tolima dove | Endangered | East slope of Central Andes (Tolima, Huila) |
| Trochilidae | |||
| Ramphomicron dorsale | Black-backed thornbill | Endangered | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta |
| Oxypogon stuebelii | Buffy helmetcrest | Vulnerable | Central Andes páramo |
| Oxypogon cyanolaemus | Blue-bearded helmetcrest | Critically endangered | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta |
| Oxypogon guerinii | Green-bearded helmetcrest | East Andes páramo | |
| Eriocnemis isabellae | Gorgeted puffleg | Critically endangered | Serranía del Pinche, Cauca |
| Eriocnemis mirabilis | Colorful puffleg | Critically endangered | West Andes in Cauca |
| Coeligena prunellei | Black inca | Vulnerable | West slope of East Andes (Cundinamarca, Boyacá, Santander) |
| Coeligena phalerata | White-tailed starfrontlet | Near threatened | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta |
| Coeligena orina | Dusky starfrontlet | Critically endangered | Spottily in the northern West Andes |
| Chaetocercus astreans | Santa Marta woodstar | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta | |
| Chlorostilbon olivaresi | Chiribiquete emerald | Serranía de Chiribiquete, Amazon Region | |
| Anthocephala floriceps | Santa Marta blossomcrown | Vulnerable | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta |
| Anthocephala berlepschi | Tolima blossomcrown | Central Andes (Quindío, Tolima, Huila) | |
| Campylopterus phainopeplus | Santa Marta sabrewing | Endangered | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta |
| Amazilia castaneiventris | Chestnut-bellied hummingbird | Endangered | Drier areas of the Magdalena River drainage (Boyacá, Santander) |
| Amazilia cyanifrons | Indigo-capped hummingbird | Central Colombia (Upper Magdalena Valley into East Andes) | |
| Lepidopyga lilliae | Sapphire-bellied hummingbird | Critically endangered | Caribbean coast (Atlántico, Magdalena, La Guajira) |
| Rallidae | |||
| Rallus semiplumbeus | Bogota rail | Endangered | High wetlands in East Andes (Cundinamarca, Boyacá) |
| Strigidae | |||
| Megascops gilesi | Santa Marta screech owl | Vulnerable | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta |
| Bucconidae | |||
| Bucco noanamae | Sooty-capped puffbird | Near threatened | Northwest Colombia (Chocó, Antioquia) |
| Capitonidae | |||
| Capito hypoleucus | White-mantled barbet | Vulnerable | North Central Andes & west slope of East Andes |
| Picidae | |||
| Picumnus granadensis | Grayish piculet | Cauca Valley slopes and lowlands | |
| Melanerpes pulcher | Beautiful woodpecker | North Central Andes & west slope of East Andes; Magdalena Valley | |
| Psittacidae | |||
| Bolborhynchus ferrugineifrons | Rufous-fronted parakeet | Vulnerable | Central Andes (Los Nevados National Park) |
| Hapalopsittaca fuertesi | Indigo-winged parrot | Critically endangered | Central Andes (Risaralda, Tolima, Quindío) |
| Pyrrhura viridicata | Santa Marta parakeet | Endangered | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta |
| Pyrrhura calliptera | Brown-breasted parakeet | Vulnerable | Spottily in northern East Andes |
| Ognorhynchus icterotis | Yellow-eared parrot | Endangered | Few locations in the Colombian Andes |
| Thamnophilidae | |||
| Drymophila caudata | East Andean antbird | Near threatened | West slope of East Andes; Upper Magdalena Valley (Caquetá, Huila) |
| Drymophila hellmayri | Santa Marta antbird | Near threatened | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta |
| Cercomacra parkeri | Parker's antbird | Central Andes; small area of central West Andes | |
| Grallariidae | |||
| Grallaria bangsi | Santa Marta antpitta | Vulnerable | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta |
| Grallaria kaestneri | Cundinamarca antpitta | Endangered | East slope of East Andes (Cundinamarca) |
| Grallaria urraoensis | Urrao antpitta | Critically endangered | Páramo de Frontino, West Andes (Antioquia) |
| Grallaria milleri | Brown-banded antpitta | Vulnerable | Central Andes (Caldas, Tolima, Risaralda, Quindío) |
| Rhinocryptidae | |||
| Scytalopus sanctaemartae | Santa Marta tapaculo | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta | |
| Scytalopus rodriguezi | Magdalena tapaculo | Endangered | East slope of Central Andes, Upper Magdalena Valley |
| Scytalopus stilesi | Stiles's tapaculo | Northern Central Andes (Antioquia, Caldas, Risaralda) | |
| Scytalopus alvarezlopezi | Tatama tapaculo | Near threatened | West slope of West Andes (Antioquia to Valle del Cauca) |
| Scytalopus latebricola | Brown-rumped tapaculo | Near threatened | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta |
| Scytalopus canus | Paramillo tapaculo | Endangered | Northern West Andes (Antioquia) |
| Furnariidae | |||
| Clibanornis rufipectus | Santa Marta foliage-gleaner | Near threatened | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta |
| Cranioleuca hellmayri | Streak-capped spinetail | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta | |
| Synallaxis subpudica | Silvery-throated spinetail | East Andes (Cundinamarca, Boyacá) | |
| Synallaxis fuscorufa | Rusty-headed spinetail | Vulnerable | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta |
| Tyrannidae | |||
| Phylloscartes lanyoni | Antioquia bristle-tyrant | Endangered | Central Andes (Antioquia, Caldas); west slope of East Andes (Cundinamarca, Boyacá) |
| Myiotheretes pernix | Santa Marta bush-tyrant | Endangered | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta |
| Myiarchus apicalis | Apical flycatcher | Inter-Andean Valleys and adjacent slopes | |
| Cotingidae | |||
| Lipaugus weberi | Chestnut-capped piha | Endangered | Northern Central Andes |
| Vireonidae | |||
| Vireo caribaeus | San Andres vireo | Vulnerable | San Andres Island |
| Troglodytidae | |||
| Troglodytes monticola | Santa Marta wren | Critically endangered | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta |
| Cistothorus apolinari | Apolinar's wren | Endangered | East Andes (Cundinamarca, Boyacá) |
| Thryophilus sernai | Antioquia wren | Endangered | Dry forest along Cauca River (Antioquia) |
| Thryophilus nicefori | Niceforo's wren | Critically endangered | West slope of East Andes (Santander, Boyacá) |
| Henicorhina anachoreta | Hermit wood wren | Near threatened | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta |
| Henicorhina negreti | Munchique wood wren | Critically endangered | Spottily in the West Andes |
| Fringillidae | |||
| Euphonia concinna | Velvet-fronted euphonia | Magdalena Valley | |
| Passerellidae | |||
| Arremon basilicus | Sierra Nevada brushfinch | Near threatened | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta |
| Atlapetes melanocephalus | Santa Marta brushfinch | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta | |
| Atlapetes flaviceps | Yellow-headed brushfinch | Endangered | East slope of Central Andes (Huila, Tolima) |
| Atlapetes fuscoolivaceus | Dusky-headed brushfinch | Near threatened | Upper Magdalena Valley (Huila, Cauca) |
| Atlapetes blancae | Antioquia brushfinch | Critically endangered | Northern Central Andes (Antioquia) |
| Icteridae | |||
| Psarocolius cassini | Baudo oropendola | Endangered | Coastal mountains of the Pacific Region, Choc[o |
| Hypopyrrhus pyrohypogaster | Red-bellied grackle | Vulnerable | Spottily in Andes |
| Macroagelaius subalaris | Colombian mountain grackle | Endangered | West slope of East Andes |
| Parulidae | |||
| Basileuterus basilicus | Santa Marta warbler | Vulnerable | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta |
| Basileuterus conspicillatus | White-lored warbler | Near threatened | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta |
| Myioborus flavivertex | Yellow-crowned redstart | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta | |
| Cardinalidae | |||
| Habia gutturalis | Sooty ant-tanager | Near threatened | Foothills of northern Andes including Magdalena Valley |
| Habia cristata | Crested ant-tanager | West slope of West Andes | |
| Thraupidae | |||
| Bangsia melanochlamys | Black-and-gold tanager | Vulnerable | Central Andes (Antioquia); West Andes (Chocó, Risaralda, Valle del Cauca) |
| Bangsia aureocincta | Gold-ringed tanager | Endangered | West Andes (Chocó, Risaralda, Valle del Cauca, Antioquia) |
| Anisognathus melanogenys | Black-cheeked mountain-tanager | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta | |
| Chlorochrysa nitidissima | Multicolored tanager | Vulnerable | West Andes; Central Andes (Risaralda, Antioquia) |
| Dacnis hartlaubi | Turquoise dacnis | Vulnerable | Spottily in Andes (Valle del Cauca, Huila, Quindío, Antioquia, Risaralda, Cundinamarca, Boyacá) |
| Diglossa gloriosissima | Chestnut-bellied flowerpiercer | Endangered | Spottily in West Andes (Antioquia to Cauca) |
The chachalacas, guans and curassows are birds in the family Cracidae. These are species of tropical and subtropical Central and South America. The range of one species, the plain chachalaca, just reaches southernmost parts of Texas in the United States. Two species, the Trinidad piping guan and the rufous-vented chachalaca occur on the islands of Trinidad and Tobago respectively.
The rufous-vented chachalaca is a member of an ancient group of birds of the family Cracidae, which are related to the Australasian mound builders. It inhabits northeast Colombia and northern Venezuela where it is called guacharaca, and the island of Tobago in Trinidad and Tobago where it is known as the cocrico and is one of the country's two national birds. It is also found on Bequia and Union Island in the Grenadines where it may have been introduced.
The grey-headed chachalaca is a member of an ancient group of birds of the family Cracidae, which includes chachalacas, guans, and curassows. It is found from Honduras to Colombia.
The little chachalaca is a bird in the family Cracidae, the chachalacas, guans, and curassows. It is found in Brazil, French Guiana, Suriname, Guyana, Venezuela and possibly Colombia.
Guacharaca[ɣwatʃaˈɾaka] is a percussion instrument usually made out of the cane-like trunk of a small palm tree. The guacharaca itself consists of a tube with ridges carved into its outer surface with part of its interior hollowed out, giving it the appearance of a tiny, notched canoe. It is played with a fork composed of hard wire fixed into a wooden handle. The guacharaquero scrapes the fork along the instrument's surface to create its characteristic scratching sound. A typical guacharaca is about as thick as a broomstick and as long as a violin. The guacharaca was invented by native American Indians from the Tairona culture in the region of la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia as an instrument to simulate the guacharaca bird's singing. During the mid 20th century it was adopted by vallenato and cumbia musicians and today it is most often associated with these musical styles.
The plain chachalaca is a large bird in the chachalaca, guan and curassow family Cracidae. It breeds in tropical and subtropical environments from mezquital thickets in the Rio Grande Valley in southernmost Texas, United States to northernmost Costa Rica. In Central America, this species occurs in the Pacific lowlands from Chiapas, Mexico to northern Nicaragua and as a separate population in Costa Rica, where its range is separated by a short distance, as a disjunct population.
Chachalacas are galliform birds from the genus Ortalis. These birds are found in wooded habitats in the far southern United States (Texas), Mexico, and Central and South America. They are social, can be very noisy and often remain fairly common even near humans, as their relatively small size makes them less desirable to hunters than their larger relatives. As agricultural pests, they have a ravenous appetite for tomatoes, melons, beans, and radishes and can ravage a small garden in short order. They travel in packs of six to twelve. They somewhat resemble the guans, and the two have commonly been placed in a subfamily together, though the chachalacas are probably closer to the curassows.
The Chaco chachalaca is a species of bird in the family Cracidae, the chachalacas, guans, and curassows. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and possibly Uruguay.
The rufous-headed chachalaca is a species of bird in the family Cracidae, the chachalacas, guans, and curassows. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The chestnut-winged chachalaca is a species of bird in the family Cracidae, the chachalacas, guans, and curassows. It is endemic to Colombia.
The speckled chachalaca is a species of bird in the family Cracidae, the chachalacas, guans, and curassows. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The white-bellied chachalaca is a species of bird in the family Cracidae, the chachalacas, guans, and curassows. It is found in El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, and Nicaragua.
The West Mexican chachalaca is a species of bird in the family Cracidae, the chachalacas, guans, and curassows. It is endemic to Mexico.
The buff-browed chachalaca is a species of bird in the family Cracidae, the chachalacas, guans, and curassows. It is endemic to Brazil.
The rufous-bellied chachalaca is a species of bird in the family Cracidae, the chachalacas, guans, and curassows. It is endemic to western Mexico.
The East Brazilian chachalaca is a species of bird in the family Cracidae, the chachalacas, guans, and curassows. It is endemic to eastern Brazil.
The scaled chachalaca is a species of bird in the family Cracidae, the chachalacas, guans, and curassows. It is endemic to Brazil.
The Colombian chachalaca is a species of bird in the family Cracidae. It is endemic to the forests and woodlands in the inter-Andean valleys in Colombia. Colombian Chachalacas are frugivorous and lead an arboreal lifestyle. The large seeds they disperse through defecation support the maintenance of diverse tropical forests.
The chestnut-headed chachalaca is a bird in the family Cracidae, the chachalacas, guans, and curassows. It is endemic to Brazil.
Ortalis is an historic genus of Ulidiid or picture-winged flies, first described by Fallén in 1810. It served as the type genus for the family Ulidiidae, which was called Ortalidae at the time. In 1932, it was pointed out by Adlrich that the name Ortalis was preoccupied by a genus of birds which had been named by Merrem in 1786. The name of the fly family was therefore revised, with some authors calling it Otitidae until Ulidiidae was settled on as standard. The genus itself was found to be paraphyletic, and all of its species have been reassigned to other genera, some in the Ulidiidae, and some in other Tephritoid families. In the following list, the species are organized according to the families and genera to which they have been reassigned.
