Eucalyptus deanei

Last updated

Mountain blue gum
Eucalyptusdeanei-Blue Mountains National Park.jpg
A giant Eucalyptus deanei, near Woodford in Blue Mountains National Park, Australia
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Myrtales
Family: Myrtaceae
Genus: Eucalyptus
Species:
E. deanei
Binomial name
Eucalyptus deanei
Synonyms [1]
  • Eucalyptus brunneaL.A.S.Johnson & K.D.Hill
  • Eucalyptus saligna var. parvifloraH. Deane & Maiden

Eucalyptus deanei, commonly known as mountain blue gum, round-leaved gum, [2] or Deane's gum, [3] is a species of large tree endemic to New South Wales. It has smooth bark, lance-shaped leaves that are paler on the lower surface, flower buds in groups of seven to eleven, white flowers and cup-shaped to bell-shaped fruit.

Contents

Flower buds Eucalyptus deanei buds.jpg
Flower buds
Fruit Eucalyptus deanei fruit.jpg
Fruit

Description

Eucalyptus deanei typically grows as a straight forest tree, growing a height of 40–65 m (131–213 ft) with a trunk diameter of up to 2 m (6 ft 7 in) at breast height. Some specimens exceed 75 m (246 ft) but in less than optimal sites, it may be restricted to 20–30 m (66–98 ft), have a thicker trunk and more branching crown. The trunk has smooth pale grey or cream bark with a 'skirt' of rougher greyish or brownish bark at the base. Young plants and coppice regrowth have egg-shaped to more or less round leaves 40–105 mm (1.6–4.1 in) long and 25–60 mm (0.98–2.36 in) wide. Adult leaves are arranged alternately along the stems, lance-shaped, glossy dark green on the upper surface and paler below. They are 70–180 mm (2.8–7.1 in) long and 15–40 mm (0.59–1.57 in) wide on a petiole 17–40 mm (0.67–1.57 in) long. [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]

The flower buds are arranged in groups of seven, nine or eleven in leaf axils on an unbranched peduncle 8–22 mm (0.31–0.87 in) long, the individual buds on a pedicel 3–6 mm (0.12–0.24 in) long. Mature buds are oval to pear-shaped, 4–7 mm (0.16–0.28 in) long and 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) wide with a conical to rounded or beaked operculum. Flowering occurs from February to April and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody cup-shaped to bell-shaped capsule 4–6 mm (0.16–0.24 in) long and 5–7 mm (0.20–0.28 in) wide with the valves at rim level or slightly beyond. [2] [3] [4] [5] [7]

Taxonomy

Mountain blue gum was first formally described in 1899 by Henry Deane and Joseph Maiden who gave it the name Eucalyptus saligna var. parviflora and published the description in Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales . [8] [9] In 1904, Deane raised the variety to species status as E. deanei and published the change in Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. [10] [11] Maiden named the tree "in honour of my old friend Henry Deane, M.A., M.Inst.C.E., Engineer-inChief for Railway Construction of this State, my coadjutor in much work on the genus published in these Proceedings and whose stimulus and counsel in botanical work I have enjoyed for twenty years". He also noted that Maiden had drawn his attention to the tree "in March, 1888, at The Valley, Blue Mountains". [11]

This eucalypt has been classified in the subgenus Symphyomyrtus, Section Latoangulatae, Series Transversae (eastern blue gums) by Ian Brooker and David Kleinig. Its two closest relatives are the flooded gum ( E. grandis ) and the Sydney blue gum ( E. saligna ). [12] Its common name is derived from its roundish juvenile leaves, which also distinguish it from its closest relatives. [5]

In 1990 Lawrie Johnson and Ken Hill described the New England population as a separate species, E. brunnea from a specimen collected near Torrington [13] but the change is not accepted by the Australian Plant Census nor by the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. [1] [14]

Distribution and habitat

Eucalyptus deanei is found in two disjunct populations. [3] The southern range is from Thirlmere to Broke, [2] near Singleton, while the northern range is from Armidale on the Northern Tablelands through to the D'aguilar Range west of Brisbane. [5] It is a dominant tree of tall forests in sheltered valleys where there is plenty of moisture, on clay or loam soils, and alluvial sands, although it sometimes grows on more elevated areas. [5] They are most famously seen at the Blue Gum Forest in the Grose Valley within the Blue Mountains National Park. [15]

The botanist Ken Hill collected this species mid way between the northern and southern populations, west of Comboyne. [16]

Associated trees include Sydney blue gum ( E. saligna ), grey gum ( E. punctata ), messmate ( E. obliqua ), manna gum ( E. viminalis ), river peppermint ( E. elata ), silvertop stringybark ( E. laevopinea ), New England blackbutt ( E. andrewsii ), rough-barked apple ( Angophora floribunda ), turpentine ( Syncarpia glomulifera ) and forest oak ( Allocasuarina torulosa ). [5] [7]

Notable specimens

Base of 71 metre specimen at Woodford Dean-Nicolle-Deanei.JPG
Base of 71 metre specimen at Woodford

Located near Woodford in the Blue Mountains, the largest known was measured in 1978 at 78 metres tall, and remeasured in 2010 at 71 metres tall with a diameter at breast height of 2.5 metres. [17] [18] Another large tree measures 65 m high with a 6 m diameter trunk in the Blue Gum Forest in the Grose Valley near Blackheath. Over 600 years old, it is a local landmark for bushwalkers. [15]

Related Research Articles

<i>Eucalyptus saligna</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus saligna, commonly known as the Sydney blue gum or blue gum, is a species of medium-sized to tall tree that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has rough, flaky bark near the base of the trunk, smooth bark above, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, nine or eleven, white flowers and cylindrical to conical or cup-shaped fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus grandis</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus grandis, commonly known as the flooded gum or rose gum, is a tall tree with smooth bark, rough at the base fibrous or flaky, grey to grey-brown. At maturity, it reaches 50 metres tall, though the largest specimens can exceed 80 metres tall. It is found on coastal areas and sub-coastal ranges from Newcastle in New South Wales northwards to west of Daintree in Queensland, mainly on flat land and lower slopes, where it is the dominant tree of wet forests and on the margins of rainforests.

<i>Eucalyptus botryoides</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus botryoides, commonly known as the bangalay, bastard jarrah, woollybutt or southern mahogany, is a small to tall tree native to southeastern Australia. Reaching up to 40 metres high, it has rough bark on its trunk and branches. It is found on sandstone- or shale-based soils in open woodland, or on more sandy soils behind sand dunes. The white flowers appear in summer and autumn. It reproduces by resprouting from its woody lignotuber or epicormic buds after bushfire. E. botryoides hybridises with the Sydney blue gum in the Sydney region. The hard, durable wood has been used for panelling and flooring.

<i>Eucalyptus rubida</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus rubida, commonly known as candlebark, ribbon gum or white gum, is a species of small to medium-sized tree that is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It has smooth bark, sometimes with rough bark at the base, lance-shaped or curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of three, white flowers and cup-shaped, hemispherical or bell-shaped fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus macarthurii</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus macarthurii, commonly known as the Camden woollybutt or Paddy's river box, is a species of medium-sized tree that is endemic to a small area of New South Wales. It has rough, fibrous bark on the trunk and larger branches, smooth above, narrow lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and small conical to bell-shaped fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus nitens</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus nitens, commonly known as shining gum or silvertop, is a species of tall tree native to Victoria and eastern New South Wales. It has smooth greyish bark, sometimes with thin, rough bark near the base, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven or nine, white flowers and cup-shaped, barrel-shaped or cylindrical fruit. It grows in wet forests and rainforest margins on fertile soils in cool, high-rainfall areas.

<i>Eucalyptus pilularis</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus pilularis, commonly known as blackbutt, is a species of medium-sized to tall tree that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has rough, finely fibrous greyish bark on the lower half of the trunk, smooth white, grey or cream-coloured bark above, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of between seven and fifteen, white flowers and hemispherical or shortened spherical fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus notabilis</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus notabilis, commonly known as Blue Mountains mahogany or mountain mahogany, is a species of small to medium-sized tree endemic to eastern Australia. It has rough, fibrous bark on the trunk and branches, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of between seven and eleven, white flowers and hemispherical or conical fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus oreades</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus oreades, commonly known as the Blue Mountains ash, white ash or smooth-barked mountain ash, is a species of medium-sized to tall tree that is native to eastern Australia. It has smooth, powdery whitish bark with rough bark near the base, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and cup-shaped to cylindrical fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus fraxinoides</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus fraxinoides, commonly known as the white ash or white mountain ash, is a medium-sized to tall tree of mountain country and is endemic to south eastern Australia. It has rough, compacted greyish bark on the lower trunk, smooth white bark with scribbles above, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of between seven and eleven, white flowers and barrel-shaped or urn-shaped fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus fastigata</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus fastigata, commonly known as brown barrel or cut-tail, is a species of medium-sized to tall tree that is endemic to southeastern Australia. It has fibrous or stringy bark on the trunk and larger branches, smooth bark above, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of eleven or more, white flowers and conical or pair-shaped fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus propinqua</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus propinqua, commonly known as the grey gum or small-fruited grey gum, is a species of medium-sized to tall tree that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has smooth, mottled bark, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves that are paler on the lower surface, flower buds in groups of between seven and fifteen, white flowers and conical or hemispherical fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus parramattensis</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus parramattensis, commonly known as the Parramatta red gum or drooping red gum, is a species of small to medium-sized tree that is endemic to eastern New South Wales. It has smooth, mottled bark, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and hemispherical fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus quadrangulata</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus quadrangulata, commonly known as the white-topped box or coast white box, is a species of small to medium-sized tree that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has rough, fibrous or flaky bark on the trunk and branches, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and conical fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus conica</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus conica, commonly known as fuzzy box, is a species of tree endemic to eastern Australia. It has rough, flaky bark on the trunk and larger branches, smooth above, lance-shaped adult leaves, oval to diamond-shaped flower buds mostly arranged on a branching inflorescence on the ends of the branchlets, white flowers and conical fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus squamosa</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus squamosa, commonly known as scaly bark, is a species of small to medium-sized tree that is endemic to the Sydney region in New South Wales. It has rough, tessellated, fibrous or flaky bark, lance-shaped or curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, nine or eleven, white flowers and cup-shaped or hemispherical fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus badjensis</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus badjensis, commonly known as the Big Badja gum, is a tree that is endemic to south-eastern New South Wales. It has hard, rough bark on the lower part of the trunk, smooth grey bark above, often hanging in strips on the upper branches, linear to narrow lance-shaped, often curved adult leaves, green to yellow buds in groups of three in leaf axils, white flowers and conical or bell-shaped fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus blaxlandii</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus blaxlandii, commonly known as Blaxland's stringybark, is a tree that is endemic to south eastern New South Wales. It is a stringybark with lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds arranged in group of nine or eleven, white flowers and hemispherical fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus parvula</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus parvula, commonly known as small-leaved gum, is a species of small tree that is endemic to south-eastern New South Wales. It has mostly smooth bark, elliptical to lance-shaped adult leaves but with many juvenile of intermediate leaves in the crown, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and cup-shaped fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus benthamii</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus benthamii, commonly known as Camden white gum, Bentham's gum, Nepean River gum, kayer-ro or durrum-by-ang, is a species of tree that is endemic to New South Wales. It has mostly smooth bluish grey or white bark, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds arranged in groups of seven, white flowers and cup-shaped, bell-shaped or conical fruit.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Eucalyptus deanei". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 24 May 2019.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Hill, Ken. "Eucalyptus deanei". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 24 May 2019.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Chippendale, George M. "Eucalyptus deanei". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of the Environment and Energy, Canberra. Retrieved 24 May 2019.
  4. 1 2 Brooker, I. & Kleinig, D., Eucalyptus, An illustrated guide to identification, Reed Books, Melbourne, 1996
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Boland, Douglas J.; Brooker, M. I. H.; Chippendale, G. M.; McDonald, Maurice William (2006). Forest trees of Australia. Collingwood, Victoria: CSIRO Publishing. p. 84. ISBN   0-643-06969-0 . Retrieved 24 May 2019.
  6. ↑ "Eucalyptus deanei". Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research. Retrieved 4 June 2020.
  7. 1 2 Benson, Doug; McDougall, Lyn (1998). "Ecology of Sydney plant species:Part 6 Dicotyledon family Myrtaceae" (PDF). Cunninghamia. 5 (4): 926. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-06-14. Retrieved 3 March 2012.
  8. ↑ "Eucalyptus saligna var. parviflora". APNI. Retrieved 24 May 2019.
  9. ↑ Deane, Henry; Maiden, Joseph (1899). "Observations on the eucalypts of New South Wales". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. 24 (3): 464–465. Retrieved 24 May 2019.
  10. ↑ "Eucalyptus deanei". APNI. Retrieved 24 May 2019.
  11. 1 2 Maiden, Joseph (1904). "On four new species of Eucalyptus". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. 29 (3): 471–472. doi:10.5962/bhl.part.20168 . Retrieved 24 May 2019.
  12. ↑ Brooker, M.I.H.; Kleinig, D. A. (1999). Field Guide to Eucalypts. 1: South-eastern Australia. Melbourne: Bloomings Books. pp. 69–72. ISBN   1-876473-03-7.
  13. ↑ Johnson, Lawrence A.S.; Hill, Kenneth D. (1990). "New taxa and combination in Eucalyptus and Angophora (Myrtaceae)". Telopea. 4 (1): 40–41. doi: 10.7751/telopea19904916 .
  14. ↑ "Eucalyptus deanei". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  15. 1 2 Allen, Richard; Baker, Kimbal (2009). Australia's Remarkable Trees. Carlton, Victoria: The Miegunyah Press. pp. 250–253. ISBN   978-0-522-85669-9.
  16. ↑ "Eucalyptus deanei". Australian Virtual Herbarium; Occurrence record: MEL 2037851A. Location -31.6219 152.1289, 0.2 km N of Homewoods road, 2.6 km W of Knodingbul road. Retrieved 2017-01-20.
  17. ↑ Dean Nicolle measured the tree on December 17th, 2010
  18. ↑ Woodard, Peter (2012). "Blue Gum - Mountain: Tree Details". National Register of Big Trees: Australia's Champion Trees. National Register of Big Trees. Retrieved 2 March 2012.
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