Eumeta variegata

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Eumeta variegata
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Class:
Insecta
Order:
Lepidoptera
Family:
Psychidae
Genus:
Eumeta
Species:
E. variegata
Binomial name
Eumeta variegata
(Snellen, 1879)
Synonyms
  • Clania bougainvilleaStrand, 1914
  • Eumeta maximaButler, 1882
  • Eumeta sikkimaMoore, 1891
  • Eumeta wallaceiSwinhoe, 1892

Eumeta variegata, commonly known as the paulownia bagworm or cotton bag worm, [1] is a moth of the family Psychidae. The species was first described by Snellen in 1879. [2] It is found in Japan, Papua New Guinea, India, the Solomon Islands and Sri Lanka. [3] [4] [5]

Contents

Description

Adults show strong sexual dimorphism. [6] Adult females lack wings and live throughout their life in the larval case. [7] Adult males have functional wings. This is due to that during final instar larvae, male show normal wing discs, whereas those of the female show rudimentary. [8] [9] The protective is about 5 cm in length. The silk is composed entirely of Glycine-Alanine repeats and poly-Alanine stretches. [10]

In the male, wing discs proliferate rapidly in the eighth instar and continue proliferating. A conspicuous peripodial epithelium forms and the hemopoietic organs break down and disappear completely by the prepupal stage. Whereas in female, the wing discs remain as in the seventh instar, without proliferation of cells inside. Therefore, there is no peripodial epithelium formation and the hemopoietic organs are still attached to the wing discs. Finally the entire wing discs transform into a plain, thick epidermis in the prepupal period. [11] [12]

Molecular basis

In 2018, the complete mitochondrial genome of the moth was sequenced using a nanopore sequencer as a single long read. It is the second report of a complete mitochondrial genome of psychid species. [13]

Ecology

It is a known pest of Citrus and tea cultivation, [14] though it is considered to be polyphagous. [15] It also a known pest of mango, cashew, casuarina, cinnamon, Shorea robusta . [16]

The natural parasites of the species include: Apanteles claniae , Aulosaphes fujianensis , Chouioia cunea , Exorista japonica , Nealsomyia rufella , Sarcophaga caudagalli , and Sclerodermus guani . Pathogens are Bacillus thuringiensis and Nucleopolyhedrosis virus . [17]

Host plants

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cabbage moth</span> Species of moth

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<i>Spodoptera mauritia</i> Species of moth

Spodoptera mauritia, the lawn armyworm or paddy swarming caterpillar, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Jean Baptiste Boisduval in 1833. Able to eat many types of food, it is a major pest throughout the world.

<i>Attacus</i> Genus of moths

Attacus is a genus of moths in the family Saturniidae. The genus was named by Carl Linnaeus in his 1767 12th edition of Systema Naturae.

<i>Antheraea pernyi</i> Species of moth

Antheraea pernyi, the Chinese oak tussar moth, Chinese tasar moth or temperate tussar moth, is a large moth in the family Saturniidae. The species was first described by Félix Édouard Guérin-Méneville in 1855. Antheraea roylei is an extremely close relative, and the present species might actually have evolved from ancestral A. roylei by chromosome rearrangement.

<i>Metura</i> Genus of moths

Metura is a genus of bagworm or case moths in the family Psychidae, endemic to Oceania. The genus contains the largest species of Psychidae known, M. aristocosma, with a larval bag of up to 300 mm and an adult male wingspan of 60 mm.

<i>Orgyia postica</i> Species of moth

Orgyia postica, the cocoa tussock moth or hevea tussock moth, is a species of moth of the subfamily Lymantriinae of the family Erebidae found in the Oriental tropics of India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Borneo, Java, New Guinea, and Taiwan. It was described by Francis Walker in 1855.

<i>Acanthopsyche</i> Genus of moths

Acanthopsyche is a genus of moths in the Psychidae family. The genus was named by the Dutch entomologist Franciscus J.M. Heylaerts.

<i>Cotana variegata</i> Species of moth

Cotana variegata is a moth in the family Eupterotidae. It was described by Walter Rothschild in 1917. It is found in New Guinea.

<i>Metisa plana</i> Worms that eat oilpalms - a "bagworm"

Metisa plana is a moth of the family Psychidae first described by Francis Walker in 1883. It is found in Sumatra, Malaysia and Sri Lanka. It is a major pest on Elaeis guineensis, the African oil palm.

<i>Pteroma plagiophleps</i> Species of moth

Pteroma plagiophleps is a moth of the family Psychidae first described by George Hampson in 1892. It is found in India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Indonesia.

<i>Rhodinia fugax</i> Species of moth

Rhodinia fugax, the squeaking silkmoth, is a moth in the family Saturniidae. It was described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1877. It is native to Korea, Japan, China, and the Russian Far East.

<i>Mallobathra</i> Genus of moths

Mallobathra is a genus of moths belonging to the family Psychidae, and are bagworm moths. This genus was first described by Edward Meyrick. It is endemic to New Zealand. The type species of this genus is Mallobathra crataea.

Mahasena corbetti, the coconut case caterpillar, is a polyphagous species of bagworm. This species is classified as leaf-eating pest caterpillars that produce tough silk out of their bags from dried foliage. Currently, M. corbetti is considered a 'pest of quarantine importance' in multiple countries and is included on the list of dangerous pests in the Malaysian plant quarantine act.

References

  1. ↑ "Eumeta variegata Snellen, 1879". www.agric.wa.gov.au. Retrieved 2021-08-22.
  2. ↑ "Species Details: Eumeta variegata Snellen, 1879". Catalogue of Life. Retrieved 12 November 2018.
  3. ↑ Koçak, Ahmet Ömer; Kemal, Muhabbet (20 February 2012). "Preliminary list of the Lepidoptera of Sri Lanka". Cesa News (79): 1–57 – via Academia.
  4. ↑ Savela, Markku. "Eumeta variegatus (Snellen, 1879)". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
  5. ↑ "The Bagworm Moths (Lepidoptera: Psychidae, Oiketicinae) of Papua Indonesia". papua-insects. Retrieved 2021-08-22.
  6. ↑ "Morphology and life-history of the bagworm moth Eumeta variegata". Research Gate. Retrieved 12 November 2018.
  7. ↑ Niitsu, S.; Lobbia, S.; Izumi, S.; Fujiwara, H. (2008). "Female-specific wing degeneration is triggered by ecdysteroid in cultures of wing discs from the bagworm moth, Eumeta variegata". Cell and Tissue Research. 333 (1): 169–73. doi:10.1007/s00441-008-0615-7. PMID   18478269.
  8. ↑ "An improved method for the culture of wing discs of the wingless bagworm moth, Eumeta variegata" (PDF). Eur. J. Entomol. 107: 687–690, 2010. Retrieved 12 November 2018.
  9. ↑ Niitsu, S. (2003). "Postembryonic development of the wing imaginal discs in the female wingless bagworm moth Eumeta variegata". Journal of Morphology. 257 (2): 164–70. doi:10.1002/jmor.10116. PMID   12833377.
  10. ↑ Community, Nature Portfolio Ecology & Evolution (2019-04-29). "High tensile strengths of bagworm moth silk is revealed by its genome – but is it "extraordinary"?". Nature Portfolio Ecology & Evolution Community. Retrieved 2021-08-22.
  11. ↑ Niitsu, Shuhei (2003). "Postembryonic development of the wing imaginal discs in the female wingless bagworm moth Eumeta variegata (Lepidoptera, Psychidae)". Journal of Morphology. 257 (2): 164–170. doi:10.1002/jmor.10116 . Retrieved 2021-08-22.
  12. ↑ Niitsu, Shuhei; Lobbia, Saori; Izumi, Susumu; Fujiwara, Haruhiko (2008-07-01). "Female-specific wing degeneration is triggered by ecdysteroid in cultures of wing discs from the bagworm moth, Eumeta variegata (Insecta: Lepidoptera, Psychidae)". Cell and Tissue Research. 333: 169–173. doi:10.1007/s00441-008-0615-7 . Retrieved 2021-08-22.
  13. ↑ Arakawa, Kazuharu; Kono, Nobuaki; Ohtoshi, Rintaro; Nakamura, Hiroyuki; Tomita, Masaru (2018). "The complete mitochondrial genome of Eumeta variegata (Lepidoptera: Psychidae)". Mitochondrial DNA Part B. 3 (2): 812–813. doi: 10.1080/23802359.2018.1495119 . PMC   7799889 . PMID   33474332.
  14. ↑ "HOSTS - The Hostplants and Caterpillars Database at the Natural History Museum". www.nhm.ac.uk. Retrieved 2021-08-22.
  15. ↑ Sobczyk, Thomas. "The Bagworm Moths (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) of Papua Indonesia". Papua-Insects.nl. The Papua Insects Foundation. Retrieved 12 November 2018.
  16. ↑ "Pest attacks of Eumeta variegata". ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources. Retrieved 12 November 2018.
  17. ↑ "Eumeta variegata". www.cabi.org. Retrieved 2021-08-22.


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