Exorista larvarum

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Exorista larvarum
Exorista.larvarum.jpg
Exorista larvarum
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Family: Tachinidae
Subfamily: Exoristinae
Tribe: Exoristini
Genus: Exorista
Species:
E. larvarum
Binomial name
Exorista larvarum
Synonyms

Exorista larvarum is a Palaearctic species of fly in the family Tachinidae. [15] [16] [17]

Contents

Distribution

Canada, United States, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, British Isles, Belarus, Czech Republic, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine, Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Bulgaria, Corsica, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Macedonia, Portugal, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Turkey, Yugoslavia, Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland, Japan, North Korea, Iran, Israel, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Mongolia, Egypt, Tunisia, Russia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, China, India, Taiwan.

Hosts

Lepidoptera larvae, mainly Lymantriidae and Lasiocampidae. It attacks Lymantria dispar dispar . [18] : 20  Studies have been conducted into its ability to successfully prey on Mythimna unipuncta [19] and Cydalima perspectalis [20] .

Parasitic nature

It lays an egg on its host. The egg hatches and the larva penetrates the host. [18] : 20  The host could escape this fate by molting before the egg hatches. [18] : 20 

Artificial Diets

For rearing Exorista larvarum in controlled conditions, inexpensive diets are preferable. MEYS contains liquid skimmed milk, chicken egg yolk, yeast extract and saccharose and HEYS contains veal homogenate, chicken egg yolk, yeast extract and saccharose. [21] Though many variations of the diet yield different results. [22] Larvae have a tendency to wander, which can result in starvation, so reducing wander is important for maximizing yields. [22]

Related Research Articles

<i>Gymnosoma</i> Genus of flies

Gymnosoma is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

<i>Hemyda</i> Genus of flies

Hemyda is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

Phebellia is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

<i>Phyllomya</i> Genus of flies

Phyllomya is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

Acemya acuticornis is a species of fly in the family Tachinidae. It is a parasitoid of solitary locusts and can be found in from West Europe to Mongolia.

<i>Solieria</i> (fly) Genus of flies

Solieria is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dufouriini</span> Tribe of flies

Dufouriini is a tribe of flies in the family Tachinidae.

Microsoma is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eryciini</span> Tribe of flies

Eryciini is a tribe of flies in the family Tachinidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Exoristini</span> Tribe of flies

Exoristini is a tribe of flies in the family Tachinidae.

Clemelis pullata is a species of fly in the family Tachinidae. This family consists of dipteran tachina flies, which are protelean parasitoids of arthropods.

<i>Compsilura concinnata</i> Species of fly

Compsilura concinnata is a parasitoid native to Europe that was introduced to North America in 1906 to control the population of an exotic forest, univoltine, spongy moth named Lymantria dispar. It is an endoparasitoid of larvae and lives with its host for most of its life. Eventually the parasitoid ends up killing the host and occasionally eating it. It attacks over 200 host species, mainly insects from the Orders: Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera. Since this parasite has the ability to attack many different types of hosts, the organism has spilled over from the intended forest systems into other areas, like agricultural fields, affecting cabbage pests including the cabbage looper (Trichoplusia); the cabbage worm ; and even other invasive species such as the brown-tail moth. However, it also attacks native, non-pest insects such as the Cecropia moth and American moon moth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tachininae</span> Subfamily of flies

Tachininae is a subfamily of flies in the family Tachinidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Leskiini</span> Tribe of flies

Leskiini is a tribe of flies in the family Tachinidae.

Bithia spreta is a European species of fly in the family Tachinidae.

Smidtia conspersa is a species of fly in the family Tachinidae.

<i>Nemorilla floralis</i> Species of fly

Nemorilla floralis is a species of tachinid fly.

Phorinia aurifrons is a species of bristle fly in the family Tachinidae.

<i>Sturmia bella</i> Species of fly

Sturmia bella is a species of fly in the family Tachinidae. Larvae can parasitize over twenty lepidopteran species, such as Parantica sita.

<i>Winthemia quadripustulata</i> Species of fly

Winthemia quadripustulata is a species of fly in the family Tachinidae.

References

  1. 1 2 Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema naturae... Ed. 10, Vol. 1. Holmiae [= Stockholm]: L. Salvii. pp. 824 pp. Retrieved 14 November 2022.
  2. ↑ Matsumura, Shonen (1916). Thousand insects of Japan. Additamenta Vol. 2 (Diptera). Tokyo: Keisei-sha. pp. 185–474 + [4], pls. 16–25.
  3. ↑ Fabricius, Johann Christian (1805). Systema antliatorum secundum ordines, genera, species. Bransvigae: Apud Carolum Reichard. pp. i–xiv, 1–373. Retrieved 5 June 2020.
  4. ↑ Macquart, P.J.M. (1851). "Nouvelles observations sur les insectes diptères d'Europe de la tribu des tachinaires (suite)". Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. 8[1850] (2): 419–492, 4 pls. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
  5. 1 2 Ratzeburg, J.T.C. (1844). Die Forst-Insecten oder Abbildung und Beschreibung der in den Waldern Preussens ... Vol. 3: Die Ader-, Zwei-, Halb-, Netz- und Geradflugler. Berlin: Nicolai. pp. viii + 314 pp., 5 tables, 16 pls.
  6. ↑ Rondani, C. (1859). Dipterologiae Italicae prodromus. Vol: III. Species Italicae ... Pars secunda. Muscidae Siphoninae et (partim) Tachininae. Parmae [= Parma]: A. Stocchi. pp. 243 + [1] pp. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  7. 1 2 3 4 Meigen, J. W. (1824). "Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europaischen zweiflugeligen Insekten". Vierter Theil. Schulz-Wundermann, Hamm.: xii + 428 pp. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Robineau-Desvoidy, Jean-Baptiste (1863). Histoire naturelle des dipteres des environs de Paris (PDF). Vol. Tome second. Masson et Fils, Paris. pp. 1–920. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
  9. ↑ Walker, F. (1853). Insecta Britannica, Diptera. Volume 2. London: Reeve & Benham. pp. vi + 298 pp., pls. 11–20.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Robineau-Desvoidy, J.B. (1830). "Essai sur les myodaires". Mémoires présentés par divers savans à l'Académie Royale des Sciences de l'Institut de France (Sciences Mathématiques et Physiques). 2 (2): 1–813. Retrieved 7 January 2022.
  11. ↑ Robineau-Desvoidy, J.B. (1850). "Memoire sur plusieurs espèces de Myodaires-Entomobies". Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. 8 (2): 157–181. Retrieved 17 September 2023.
  12. ↑ Robineau-Desvoidy, J.B. (1853). "Sur les eclosions de plusieurs espèces de Diptères, obtenues par le docteur Moret, Medicin a Auxerre". Bull. Soc. Sci. Hist. Nat. Yonne. 7: 531–536.
  13. ↑ Macquart, P.J.M. (1854). "Nouvelles observations sur les insectes diptères d'Europe de la tribu des tachinaires (suite)". Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. 2 (3): 373–392, pls. 13–15. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
  14. ↑ Rondani, Camillo (1865). "Diptera Italica non vel minus cognita descripta vel annotata observationibus nonnullis additis. Fasc. I. Oestridae-Syrphidae-Conopidae; Fasc. II. Muscidae". Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano. 8: 127–146. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
  15. ↑ Chandler, Peter J. (1998). Checklists of Insects of the British Isles (New Series) Part 1: Diptera. Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects. Vol. 12. London: Royal Entomological Society of London. pp. 1–234. ISBN   0-901546-82-8.
  16. ↑ O’Hara, James E.; Henderson, Shannon J.; Wood, D. Monty (5 March 2020). "Preliminary Checklist of the Tachinidae (Diptera) of the World" (PDF). Tachinidae Resources. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
  17. ↑ O'Hara, James E.; Wood, D. Monty (28 January 2004). "Checklist Of The Tachinidae (Diptera) Of America North Of Mexico" (PDF). Nicaragua: Biodiversidad de Nicaragua. pp. 1–42.
  18. 1 2 3 The Gypsy Moth: Research Toward Integrated Pest Management, United States Department of Agriculture, 1981
  19. ↑ "Reports from University of Lleida Add New Data to Research in Biological Controls.(Report)." Life Science Weekly. NewsRX. 2012. Subscription required. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2012-09-27.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  20. ↑ Martini, Antonio; Di Vitantonia, Cinzia; Dindo, Maria Luisa. "Acceptance and suitability of the box tree moth Cydalima perspectalis as host for the tachinid parasitoid Exorista larvarum.". Bulletin of Insectology 72 (1): 150-160.
  21. ↑ Chiappini, Elisabetta; Dindo, Maria Luisa; Negri, Ilaria; Sighinolfi, Luca. "In vitro rearing of Anagrus breviphragma (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), an egg parasitoid of Cicadella viridis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), from second instar larva to adult on diets without insect components." European Journal of Entomology. Institute of Entomology Czech Academy of Sciences. 2004. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2018-11-20. Retrieved 2019-08-14.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) Subscription required.
  22. 1 2 MELLINI E. & CAMPADELLI G. 1995: Formulas for "inexpensive" artificial diets for the parasitoid Exorista larvarum (L.). Boll. Ist. Entomol. "Guida Grandi" Univ. Bologna 50: 95-106.http://www.bulletinofinsectology.org/pdfarticles/vol50-1996-095-106mellini.pdf


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