Exostema

Last updated

Exostema
Exostemma subcordatum 135-8274.jpg
Illustration of Exostemma subcordatum
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Gentianales
Family: Rubiaceae
Subfamily: Cinchonoideae
Tribe: Chiococceae
Genus: Exostema
(Pers.) Rich. ex Humb. & Bonpl.
Type species
Exostema caribaeum
Synonyms

Exostema is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees and shrubs, endemic to the neotropics, with most of the species occurring in the West Indies. [1] [2]

Contents

Description

Exostema is a genus of neotropical trees and shrubs. The flowers have a slender corolla tube with recurved corolla lobes. The stamens are inserted near the base of the corolla tube and exserted well beyond its mouth. The anthers are long and basifixed. [3]

Systematics

The type species for the genus is Exostema caribaeum . [4] It is a tree of Central America and the Caribbean. Its lumber is of limited use. [1]

Exostema was first named by Christiaan Hendrik Persoon as a subgenus of Cinchona . [5] It was first validly published as a genus by Aimé Bonpland in 1807. [6] [7] The generic name is derived from the Ancient Greek words, exo, meaning "outside", and stema, "stamen". [8]

As circumscribed in 2010, Exostema was probably polyphyletic. [9] Species have since been moved to other genera.

Species

As of March 2023, Plants of the World Online accepted the following species: [10]

Related Research Articles

<i>Uncaria</i> Genus of flowering plants

Uncaria is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It has about 40 species. Their distribution is pantropical, with most species native to tropical Asia, three from Africa and the Mediterranean and two from the neotropics. They are known colloquially as gambier, cat's claw or uña de gato. The latter two names are shared with several other plants. The type species for the genus is Uncaria guianensis.

<i>Cephalanthus</i> Genus of flowering plants

Cephalanthus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. There are about six species that are commonly known as buttonbush.

<i>Oldenlandia</i> Genus of plants

Oldenlandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is pantropical in distribution and has about 240 species. The type species for the genus is Oldenlandia corymbosa.

Allenanthus was a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae but is no longer recognized. It has been sunk into synonymy with Machaonia.

<i>Arachnothryx</i> Species of plant

Arachnothryx is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It contains about 107 species. It is found from Mexico to Peru and in Trinidad.

<i>Casasia</i> Genus of plants

Casasia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. These shrubs or small trees occur on the Caribbean islands and in one case in Florida. Some of the ten accepted species were formerly placed elsewhere, e.g. in the related genip-tree genus (Genipa), in Gardenia or in Randia.

<i>Guettarda</i> Genus of flowering plants

Guettarda is a plant genus in the family Rubiaceae. Most of these plants are known by the common name velvetseed. Estimates of the number of species range from about 50 to 162. Most of the species are neotropical. Twenty are found in New Caledonia and one reaches Australia. A few others are found on islands and in coastal areas of the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

<i>Kohautia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Kohautia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. They are native to tropical areas of Asia, Africa, and Madagascar. Thirty-one species are known. The type species for the genus is Kohautia senegalensis.

<i>Lasianthus</i> Genus of flowering plants

Lasianthus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. They are tropical subshrubs, shrubs, or rarely, small trees. They inhabit the understory of primary forests.

Machaonia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It has about 32 species. All are indigenous to the neotropics. None has a unique common name. Some species have been called "alfilerillo", a Spanish name for the common and well-known genus Erodium. The type species for Machaonia is Machaonia acuminata.

<i>Rondeletia</i> (plant) Genus of flowering plants

Rondeletia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to the Neotropics. There are around 160 species.

<i>Chiococca</i> Genus of flowering plants

Chiococca is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It currently holds 23 species that are native to Florida, Texas, Mexico, Central America, much of South America, the West Indies, and the islands of Galápagos and Fernando de Noronha.

<i>Kadua</i> Genus of flowering plants

Kadua is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It comprises 29 species, all restricted to Polynesia. Twenty-two of these are endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. Some of the species are common at high elevation. Others are single-island endemics or very rare, and a few are probably extinct. Kadua affinis is widely distributed in Hawaii and is polymorphic. The type species for the genus is Kadua acuminata.

Chione is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae containing the single species Chione venosa. It is native to the neotropics, occurring in most of Mexico, and throughout Central America, the Caribbean, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. It is typically a tree growing 10 to 20 meters tall. In harsh habitats, it may be dwarfed and shrubby. It has no known economic use.

<i>Hymenodictyon</i> Genus of flowering plants

Hymenodictyon is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It has about 30 species. All are native to the Old World. The wood of Hymenodictyon orixense is soft and has limited use, mostly for boxes. The type species for Hymenodictyon is Hymenodictyon orixense.

<i>Adina</i> (plant) Genus of flowering plants

Adina is a genus of 11 species of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs or small trees, native to East Asia and Southeast Asia.

<i>Rogiera</i> Genus of plants in the family Rubiaceae.

Rogiera is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It has 15 species and its native range is from Mexico to Colombia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chiococceae</span> Tribe of plants

Chiococceae is a tribe of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae and contains about 233 species in 27 genera. Most representatives occur from southern Florida to tropical and subtropical America, except for the genera Badusa and Bikkia, which are found from the Philippines to the West Pacific, and Morierina and Thiollierea, which are native to New Caledonia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rondeletieae</span> Tribe of plants

Rondeletieae is a tribe of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae and contains about 178 species in 8 genera. Its representatives are found from southern Mexico to northern South America and in the Caribbean.

Ekmanianthe is a genus of flowering plants in the family Bignoniaceae. It is most closely related to Tabebuia and has sometimes been included within it. It consists of two species of trees, neither of which is especially common in any part of its range:

References

  1. 1 2 Mabberley DJ (2008). Mabberley's Plant Book (3 ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN   978-0-521-82071-4.
  2. "Exostema in the World Checklist of Rubiaceae" . Retrieved 20 June 2014.
  3. McDowell T; Bremer B (1998). "Phylogeny, diversity, and distribution in Exostema (Rubiaceae): implications of morphological and molecular analyses". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 212 (3–4): 215–246. doi:10.1007/bf01089740. S2CID   23714607.
  4. "Exostema in the Index Nominum Genericorum" . Retrieved 20 June 2014.
  5. Christiaan Hendrik Persoon. 1805. Synopsis plantarum,seu Enchiridium botanicum, complectens enumerationem systematicam specierum hucusque cognitarum /curante. 1:196.
  6. "Exostema in the International Plant Names Index" . Retrieved 20 June 2014.
  7. Alexander von Humboldt and Aimé Bonpland. 1807. Plantes équinoxiales recueillies au Mexique :dans l'île de Cuba, dans les provinces de Caracas, de Cumana et de Barcelone, aux Andes de la Nouvelle Grenade, de Quito et du Pérou, et sur les bords du rio-Negro de Orénoque et de la rivière des Amazones. 1:131. F. Schoell: Paris, France.
  8. Quattrocchi U (2000). CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names. Vol. 1. Boca Raton, New York, Washington DC, London: CRC Press. ISBN   978-0-8493-2675-2.
  9. Manns U, Bremer B (2010). "Towards a better understanding of intertribal relationships and stable tribal delimitations within Cinchonoideae s.s. (Rubiaceae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 56 (1): 21–39. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.04.002. PMID   20382247.
  10. "Exostema (Pers.) Bonpl". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2023-03-19.