False eyelashes are a cosmetic enhancement attaching synthetic or natural fibers to the eyelids to give the natural eyelashes a fuller, more dramatic look. They are available in various lengths, thicknesses, and curvatures.
In 1882, Henry Labouchère, of the British periodical Truth , reported: "Parisians have found out how to make false eyelashes [by having hair sewn into the eyelids]". [1] A similar report appeared in the July 6, 1899, edition of The Dundee Courier , which described the painful method for elongating the lashes, under the headline "Irresistible Eyes May Be Had by Transplanting the Hair": the article explained how the procedure achieved longer lashes by having hair from the head sewn into the eyelids. [2]
In 1902, Karl Nessler, a German-born hair specialist and inventor, patented "A New or Improved Method of and Means for the Manufacture of Artificial Eyebrows, Eyelashes and the like" in the United Kingdom. [3] By 1903, he began selling artificial eyelashes at his London salon on Great Castle Street. [4] [5] He used the profits from his sales to fund his next invention, the permanent wave (perm) machine. [6] [7] In 1911, Anna Taylor, a Canadian, patented false eyelashes in the United States. Taylor's false eyelashes had a crescent-shaped strip of fabric bearing tiny pieces of hair. [8] Another inventor of false eyelashes is Maksymilian Faktorowicz, a Polish beauty guru and businessman, who founded the company Max Factor. [9]
In 1916, while making his film Intolerance , D. W. Griffith noticed his actress, Seena Owen, was missing something. Griffith wanted her eyes to be twice as large and "supernatural". He then spoke to his wigmaker to create false lashes. They were made of human hair which were then fixed to her eyelashes by spirit gum. [10] One day, Owen showed up to sit with her eyes swollen nearly shut, her co-star Lillian Gish wrote in her memoir. [11]
By the 1930s, false eyelashes were becoming widespread. False eyelashes were featured in Vogue .[ citation needed ]
In the 1960s, eye makeup that made the eyes seem larger was very common. This look was achieved by applying false eyelashes to the top and bottom eyelids to mimic the look of a doll. Twiggy advanced the trend. [12] In 1968, at the feminist Miss America protest, protestors symbolically threw a number of symbolic feminine products into a "Freedom Trash Can", including false eyelashes. [13] [14]
In 2014, Katy Stoka, founder of One Two Cosmetics, invented magnetic false eyelashes as an alternative to those affixed with glue. [15]
Temporary false lashes are synthetic lashes that come in strips. These lashes are universal and made to fit all eye shapes. They can be trimmed to fit the width of the eyelid. [16] These lashes are then adhered to the eyelid just above the natural lashes with temporary glue. Since the adhesive is made to be temporary, the false lashes can easily be removed with warm water or eye makeup remover. [17] They are designed not to be worn when showering, sleeping or swimming.
Magnetic lashes are used by a thin strip of magnets attached to the strip lash. [18] They work by placing the magnetic false lash between one's eyelashes, thereby sandwiching the natural eyelashes with magnetic eyelashes. [19] These lashes are affordable and reusable but there is a potential risk. Due to the magnets that are attached to the lashes it is possible that they may be a hazard to a patient if being used in a MRI scanning room. [18]
Eyelash extensions are individual lashes that are applied to the natural lash using semi-permanent glue. These lashes are usually applied by a technician and the process can take up to two hours. They can last anywhere from three to four weeks depending on the care and maintenance of the lashes. [20]
Lash extensions are more versatile compared to false lashes. The technician that is placing the lashes can customize them specifically catered to the client. They take into consideration the eye shape, the eyelids, as well as the state of the natural lash. Once these factors are evaluated the client and the technician can pick the material, length, color, and curvature of the lashes that best suits them. [21]
Overall lash extensions can also be classified into different styles. There is a classic set which is the most natural form of lashes. As well as a volume set which is considered the fullest styles. In between these two styles is a hybrid set which is a combination of a classic and a volume.
In the United States, each state individually regulates eyelash extensions. Some states require either a cosmetology or esthetician license; some states have a certificate or license specifically for lash technicians.[ citation needed ]
In the United Kingdom, the Guild of Professional Beauty Therapists accredited courses for the safe application of semi-permanent individual eyelash extensions. The value of the course content can be judged by the number of CPD (Continued Professional Development) points that the course is awarded.[ citation needed ]
Cosmetics are composed of mixtures of chemical compounds derived from either natural sources or synthetically created ones. Cosmetics have various purposes, including personal and skin care. They can also be used to conceal blemishes and enhance natural features. Makeup can also add colour to a person's face, enhance a person's features or change the appearance of the face entirely to resemble a different person, creature, or object.
Mascara is a cosmetic commonly used to enhance the upper and lower eyelashes. It is used to darken, thicken, lengthen, and/or define the eyelashes. Normally in one of three forms—liquid, powder, or cream—the modern mascara product has various formulas; however, most contain the same basic components of pigments, oils, waxes, and preservatives. The most common form of mascara is a liquid in a tube with an application brush.
An eyelid is a thin fold of skin that covers and protects an eye. The levator palpebrae superioris muscle retracts the eyelid, exposing the cornea to the outside, giving vision. This can be either voluntarily or involuntarily. "Palpebral" means relating to the eyelids. Its key function is to regularly spread the tears and other secretions on the eye surface to keep it moist, since the cornea must be continuously moist. They keep the eyes from drying out when asleep. Moreover, the blink reflex protects the eye from foreign bodies. A set of specialized hairs known as lashes grow from the upper and lower eyelid margins to further protect the eye from dust and debris.
An eyelash is one of the hairs that grows at the edges of the top and bottom eyelids, spanning outwards and away from the eyes. The lashes grow in up to six layers on each of the upper and lower eyelids. Eyelashes serve to protect the eye from debris, dust, and small particles, and are highly sensitive to touch, thus providing a warning that an object is near the eye, which then reflexively closes or flutters to rid the area of the object. The eyelid margin from which lashes grow is among the most sensitive parts of the human body, with many nerve endings enveloping the roots of the lashes, giving it sensitivity to very light tactile input even at the tips of the lashes, enabling it to trigger the blink reflex when touched. Eyelashes are also an important component of physical attractiveness, with long prominent lashes giving the illusion of large, gazing eyes, and drawing attention to the eyes.
Entropion is a medical condition in which the eyelid folds inward. It is very uncomfortable, as the eyelashes continuously rub against the cornea causing irritation. Entropion is usually caused by genetic factors. This is different from when an extra fold of skin on the lower eyelid causes lashes to turn in towards the eye (epiblepharon). In epiblepharons, the eyelid margin itself is in the correct position, but the extra fold of skin causes the lashes to be misdirected. Entropion can also create secondary pain of the eye. The upper or lower eyelid can be involved, and one or both eyes may be affected. When entropion occurs in both eyes, this is known as "bilateral entropion". Repeated cases of trachoma infection may cause scarring of the inner eyelid, which may cause entropion. In human cases, this condition is most common to people over 60 years of age.
Artificial hair integrations, more commonly known as hair extensions, hair weaves, and fake hair add length and fullness to human hair. Hair extensions are usually clipped, glued, or sewn on natural hair by incorporating additional human or synthetic hair. These methods include tape-in extensions, clip-in or clip-on extensions, micro/nano rings, fusion method, weaving method, and wigs.
Permanent makeup, also known as permanent cosmetics, derma-pigmentation, micro-pigmentation, semi-permanent makeup and cosmetic tattooing, is a cosmetic technique which employs tattoos as a means of producing designs that resemble makeup, such as eye-lining and other permanent enhancing colors to the skin of the face, lips, and eyelids. It is also used to produce artificial eyebrows, particularly in people who have lost them as a consequence of old age, disease, such as alopecia areata, alopecia totalis, chemotherapy, or a genetic disturbance, and to disguise scars and hypopigmentation in the skin such as in vitiligo. It is also used to restore or enhance the breast's areola, such as after breast surgery, or to give an illusion of more hair volume to the scalp.
Eye liner or eyeliner is a cosmetic used to define the eyes. It is applied around the contours of the eye(s). It is often used to create various aesthetic effects.
Bimatoprost, sold under the brand name Lumigan among others, is a medication used to treat high pressure inside the eye including glaucoma. Specifically it is used for open angle glaucoma when other agents are not sufficient. It may also be used to increase the size of the eyelashes. It is used as an eye drop and effects generally occur within four hours.
The history of cosmetics spans at least 7,000 years and is present in almost every society on earth. Cosmetic body art is argued to have been the earliest form of a ritual in human culture. The evidence for this comes in the form of utilised red mineral pigments including crayons associated with the emergence of Homo sapiens in Africa. Cosmetics are mentioned in the Old Testament—2 Kings 9:30 where Jezebel painted her eyelids—approximately 840 BC—and the book of Esther describes various beauty treatments as well.
Cosmetics in the 1920s were characterized by their use to create a specific look: lips painted in the shape of a Cupid's bow, kohl-rimmed eyes, and bright cheeks brushed with bright red blush.
An eyelash curler is a hand-operated cosmetic tool that curls eyelashes. Usually only the upper eyelashes are curled.
Madarosis is a condition that results in the loss of eyelashes, and sometimes eyebrows. The term "madarosis" is derived from the ancient Greek "madaros", meaning "bald". It originally was a disease of only losing eyelashes but it currently is the loss of both eyelashes and eyebrows. Eyebrows and eyelashes are both important in the prevention of bacteria and other foreign objects from entering the eye. A majority of patients with madarosis have leprosy, and it was reported that 76% of patients with varying types of leprosy had madarosis.
Eyelid glue, commonly called eye putti, is a type of eye make-up used in East Asia designed to change the monolid. Eyelid glue is a water-soluble adhesive that is easy to remove.
Artificial nails, also known as fake nails, false nails, acrylic nails, nail extensions or nail enhancements, are extensions placed over fingernails as fashion accessories. Many artificial nail designs attempt to mimic the appearance of real fingernails as closely as possible, while others may deliberately stray in favor of an artistic look.
Cosmetics, first used in ancient Rome for ritual purposes, were part of daily life. Some fashionable cosmetics, such as those imported from Germany, Gaul and China, were so expensive that the Lex Oppia tried to limit their use in 189 BCE. These "designer brands" spawned cheap knock-offs that were sold to poorer women. Working-class women could afford the cheaper varieties, but may not have had the time to apply the makeup as the use of makeup was a time-consuming affair because cosmetics needed to be reapplied several times a day due to weather conditions and poor composition.
Eyelash implants are a form of cosmetic surgery involving transplanting additional eyelashes around the eye. The process typically involves removing a section of hair from the patient, typically from the back of the head, and grafting the hair to the eyelids, replacing the existing eyelashes. The procedure typically involves 60 to 70 hairs per eye, and after removal and a thorough cleaning of the oil on the hair, they are reattached to patient by delicately sewing the lashes back on. Maintenance of the eyelashes is needed thereafter, as the hair continues to grow at the same rate as on other parts of the body.
A cosmetic primer is a cream applied before another cosmetic to improve coverage and lengthen the amount of time the cosmetic lasts on the face.
The accessory visual structures are the protecting and supporting structures (adnexa) of the eye, including the eyebrow, eyelids, and lacrimal apparatus. The eyebrows, eyelids, eyelashes, lacrimal gland and drainage apparatus all play a crucial role with regards to globe protection, lubrication, and minimizing the risk of ocular infection. The adnexal structures also help to keep the cornea moist and clean.
Eyelash permanent wave, or more commonly called an eyelash perm, and may also refer to permanent relaxer that straightens the hair is a cosmetics procedure performed only by licensed cosmetologists to flip up eyelashes using hair perming technology.
'I thought, this is a product that will go viral because lashes make everyone look better, particularly in pictures—that's why a lot of brides get them,' said Katy Stoka, the creator of the magnetic lashes, known as One Two Lash. She added, 'Then it came in tandem with the obsession with the selfie.'
Katy Stoka of One Two Cosmetics has created a new and easy way to get an effortlessly winged-out look minus the glue ... magnetic lashes. ... The lashes come in four different styles, ranging from very natural to total glam, and work by sandwiching your actual lashes using two magnetic layers of falsies.