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The federalism commission is a German commission composed of members of the upper and lower houses. It has existed three times in German history;
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The federalism commission is a German commission composed of members of the upper and lower houses. It has existed three times in German history;
After the German reunification of Germany the Bundesrat decided on the 20 of June 1991 to create a commission composed of an equal number of members of all represented parties of the two legislative houses. Its objective was to examine and propose which federal authorities should be introduced into the newly reunified federal states. It was presided by Bernhard Vogel (politician).
The commission was created to reform the division of powers between federal and state authorities. The reform was considered necessary due to the fact that up to 60% of federally voted laws needed to be approved by the federal states through a vote of the Bundesrat. The commission was composed of 16 members of the Bundestag and 16 members of the Bundesrat and was presided by co-presidents. Edmund Stoiber representing the states and Franz Münterfering representing the Federation. In addition to these full members there were also non-voting representatives of the federal government, the state legislatures, local government and academics. Although not initially accepted by the regional states, the proposals (except reform of financial relations) were finally voted by a 2/3 majority on 1 September 2006.
The commission was constituted to agree reforms that could initially not be agreed by the 2003 commission.;
The commission was composed of 16 members of each of the two legislative assemblies. The co-presidents were Peter Struck for the Bundestag and Günther Oettinger for the Bundesrat. The first meeting was held on 8 March 2007, and the final meeting in March 2009.
The Bundestag is the German federal parliament. It is the only federal representative body that is directly elected by the German people. It is comparable to the United States House of Representatives or the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. The Bundestag was established by Title III of the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949 as one of the legislative bodies of Germany and thus it is the historical successor to the earlier Reichstag.
Federalism is a mixed or compound mode of government that combines a general government with regional governments in a single political system, dividing the powers between the two. With roots in ancient Europe, federalism in the modern era was first adopted in the unions of states during the Old Swiss Confederacy.
Germany is a democratic, federal parliamentary republic, where federal legislative power is vested in the Bundestag and the Bundesrat.
The president of Germany, officially the Federal President of the Federal Republic of Germany, is the head of state of Germany.
The Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany is the constitution of the Federal Republic of Germany.
Bicameralism is a type of legislature, one divided into two separate assemblies, chambers, or houses, known as a bicameral legislature. Bicameralism is distinguished from unicameralism, in which all members deliberate and vote as a single group. As of 2015, about 40% of world's national legislatures are bicameral, and about 60% are unicameral.
The Federal Republic of Germany, as a federal state, consists of sixteen partly sovereign federated states. Since the German nation state was formed from an earlier collection of several states, it has a federal constitution, and the constituent states retain a measure of sovereignty.
The German Bundesrat is a legislative body that represents the sixteen Länder of Germany at the federal level. The Bundesrat meets at the former Prussian House of Lords in Berlin. Its second seat is located in the former West German capital of Bonn.
The Federal Convention, also known as the Federal Assembly, is, together with the Joint Committee, one of two non-standing constitutional bodies in the federal institutional system of the Federal Republic of Germany. It is convened solely for the purpose of electing the President of Germany, either every five years or within 30 days of the premature termination of a presidential term. The Federal Convention consists of all members of the German federal parliament (Bundestag) and the same number of delegates from the 16 federated states. Those delegates are elected by the state parliaments for this purpose only.
The institutions of the European Union are the seven principal decision-making bodies of the European Union (EU). They are, as listed in Article 13 of the Treaty on European Union:
Federalism was adopted, as a constitutional principle, in Australia on 1 January 1901 – the date upon which the six self-governing Australian Colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, and Western Australia federated, formally constituting the Commonwealth of Australia. It remains a federation of those six "original States" under the Constitution of Australia.
Peter Harry Carstensen is a German politician, in the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) party.
The Chamber of States was the upper chamber of the bicameral legislature of the German Democratic Republic from its founding in 1949 until 1952, at which time it was largely sidelined, when the five Länder (states) of East Germany ceased to exist and were replaced with smaller administrative regions. The Chamber of States itself was dissolved on 8 December 1958. The lower chamber, which continued in existence until German reunification in 1990, was the People's Chamber (Volkskammer).
The Chancellor of Germany, officially the Federal Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany, is the head of the federal government of Germany and the commander in chief of the German Armed Forces during wartime. The chancellor is the chief executive of the Federal Cabinet and heads the executive branch. The chancellor is elected by the Bundestag on the proposal of the federal president and without debate.
Ferdinand Kirchhof is a German judge, jurisprudent and tax law expert.
Federalism in Germany is made of the states of Germany and the federal government. The central government, the states, and the German municipalities have different tasks and partially competing regions of responsibilities ruled by a complex system of checks and balances.
The state of defence is the constitutional state of emergency in Germany if the country is "under attack by armed force or imminently threatened with such an attack". Established by a constitutional amendment in 1968 during the Cold War, this state of emergency gives the federal government extraordinary powers in wartime. It is laid down in Title Xa of the German Constitution. As of January 2022, Germany has never been in the state of defence.
The Joint Committee is, together with the Federal Convention, one of two non–steady constitutional bodies in the political and federal institutional system of the Federal Republic of Germany. It is designed as an emergency parliament in the case of a State of Defence. It consists of 48 members of which two thirds are members of the Bundestag and one third are members of the Bundesrat, the latter representing the governments of the states of Germany (Länder). It was established in 1968 by an amendment of the Basic Law. Ever since then, the Bundestag and the Bundesrat have elected members to serve on the committee, but, as a state of defence has never been declared, the Joint Committee has never convened as of 2021.
Monika Grütters is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) who served as Federal Government Commissioner for Culture and the Media in the government of Chancellor Angela Merkel from 2013-2021. She has been a member of the German Bundestag since 2005 and was chairwoman of the Committee on Culture and Media Affairs from 2009 to 2013. Since December 2016, Grütters has also been the chairwoman of the CDU Berlin and an elected member of the CDU Federal Executive Board.
Federalism in the United Kingdom refers to the concept of constitutional reform, where there is a division of legislative powers between two or more levels of government, where sovereignty is non-centralised between a federal government and autonomous governments in a federal system.
