Fuscopannaria leucosticta

Last updated

Fuscopannaria leucosticta
Rimmed Shingle Lichen (4503899791).jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Peltigerales
Family: Pannariaceae
Genus: Fuscopannaria
Species:
F. leucosticta
Binomial name
Fuscopannaria leucosticta
Synonyms [1]
  • Parmelia leucostictaTuck. ex E.Michener (1853)
  • Pannaria craspedia var. leucosticta(Tuck. ex E.Michener) Trevis. (1869)
  • Pannaria lepidiota subsp. leucosticta(Tuck. ex E.Michener) Nyl. (1869)
  • Pannaria leucosticta(Tuck. ex E.Michener) Nyl. (1859)
  • Pannularia leucosticta(Tuck. ex E.Michener) Stizenb. (1887)

Fuscopannaria leucosticta, commonly known as the rimmed shingle lichen, is a species of lichen in the family Pannariaceae. It has a squamulose (scaley) thallus that lacks soredia and isidia (vegetative propagules), but has abundant apothecia (spore-bearing structures) with distinct white rims. Although its main centres of distribution are eastern North America and southeast Asia, where it grows in damp forests, it has been reported from various other high-altitude, humid locations.

Contents

Taxonomy

The lichen was first formally described by Edward Tuckerman in 1853 from specimens collected in the eastern United States. He placed it in the genus Parmelia , the customary generic placement for most foliose species at the time. By 1859 he described it as a member of Pannaria . [2]

In more modern times (1994), Per Magnus Jørgensen transferred it to the newly circumscribed genus Fuscopannaria , in which it is the type species. This genus contains largely temperate to arctic–alpine lichens, mostly small- squamulose species with amyloid apical structures in the asci that contain fatty acids and terpenoids. [3] Fuscopannaria is species rich in the East Asian flora, particularly the F. leucosticta group. This includes the following species and their distributional centres: F. dispersa (China), F. dissecta (Japan), F. poeltii (Nepal, Tibet), F. leucosticta (widespread), F. protensa (Japan & Korea) and F. siamensis (Thailand). [4]

In North America, Fuscopannaria leucosticta is commonly known as the "rimmed shingle lichen". [5]

Description

The lichen has plentiful squamules that are round or have a scalloped edge, measuring 2–3 mm in diameter and displaying chestnut-brown coloration. These squamules have white felty margins and are frequently found on a black prothallus . The lichen does not have any soredia or isidia. Additionally, lecanorine apothecia with notable white rims are typically visible. The ascospores of this lichen are 23–27 by 9–11  μm and have a relatively thick, transparent outer wall that often narrows to a fine point at one or both ends. [5]

All of the standard chemical spot tests are negative in Fuscopannaria leucosticta. [5]

Similar species

Two sorediate counterparts Fuscopannaria leucosticta are F. coerulescens from Nepal and New Guinea and F. sorediata from eastern North America and Japan. [6] Fuscopannaria rugosa , described from China in 2016, differs from F. leucosticta in its foliose-squamulose thallus, longitudinally wrinkled upper surface, and highly convex discs. [7] The similarly named Fuscopannaria leucostictoides , found on the west coast of northern North America, is grayer in colour, does not have pointed spores, and contains atranorin. [5]

Habitat, distribution, and conservation

Fuscopannaria leucosticta used to be widely distributed in temperate eastern North America, but its range has declined due to habitat destruction and reduction. [8] In eastern Canada, it prefers old, wet forests. [9] Its distribution includes Central America and the Caribbean, extending as far south as Cuba. [10] In Mexico, it is found at a high-elevation location (2,400 m (7,900 ft) in a misty montane of pine-oak forest in Chiapas. [10] It is typically found growing on bark, although it has been occasionally recorded growing on rock, usually with mosses. [5]

A study of its habitat associations and distributions in Nova Scotia, Canada, indicate that the predicted distribution of this lichen is most affected by temperature. [11] In the early 2000s, it had been designated "Yellow" status in Nova Scotia's species at risk list, indicating the species is sensitive and may require special attention to prevent extinction or extirpation. [12] Because of its rarity in Eastern Canada, its distribution and population size are uncertain, making conservation planning difficult. A MaxEnt (Maximum Entropy, a machine learning algorithm used for predicting the distribution of species or other phenomena based on environmental variables) distribution model incorporating various environmental variables, including cedar presence and lack of human-induced disturbance, predicted high probability areas, and subsequent field verifications revealed 13 previously unsurveyed locations with high probability of occurrence, [9] which can help guide future conservation efforts for the management of rare and at-risk species. [13]

In 2007, Fuscopannaria leucosticta was reported from Ecuador, which the authors noted as "remarkable" due to the lack of any known collections in intermediate areas; they suggested it may be an example of a long-distance dispersal, or a relict species. [10] Another surprising record was that from Tanzania the year prior. [14] According to Jørgensen and Sipman, this record from the Uluguru forest region indicates the ancient history of the species and its existence around the Tertiary Madro-Tethyan sea (other relict species are found in the forest). It seems to have expanded southward through the familiar pathway established by the Tertiary forests of Egypt and the Sudan into East Africa. In these tropical and subtropical locations, the lichen was found high-elevation (above 2,000 m (6,600 ft)), mountainous "mist zones", emphasizing their requirement for humid environments. [10] Although very rare in Europe, F. leucosticta was rediscovered there in 2006 when a specimen was found in Greece–the first collection of the species in over a century. [15]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pannariaceae</span> Family of fungi

The Pannariaceae are a family of lichens in the order Peltigerales. Species from this family have a widespread distribution, but are especially prevalent in southern temperate regions.

<i>Psoroma</i> Genus of lichen-forming fungi

Psoroma is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Pannariaceae. The widespread genus contains about 30 species, most of which are found in south temperate regions.

<i>Pannaria</i> Genus of lichens in the family Pannariaceae

Pannaria is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Pannariaceae. The widespread genus contains an estimated 51 species, found primarily in tropical regions.

<i>Fuscopannaria</i> Genus of lichens

Fuscopannaria is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Pannariaceae. It has 55 species.

<i>Vahliella</i> Genus of lichens

Vahliella is a genus of nine species of lichen-forming fungi in the order Peltigerales. It is the only member of Vahliellaceae, a family circumscribed in 2010 to contain this genus. Vahliella was formerly placed in the family Pannariaceae until molecular phylogenetics showed that it did not belong there. Vahliella species are found in the Northern Hemisphere – mainly in North America, but also in Europe and India.

Rockefellera is a fungal genus in the family Pannariaceae. It is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Rockefellera crossophylla. The genus was circumscribed by James Lendemer and Erin Tripp in 2017. The generic name honors the Rockefeller family, "for their century-long support of North American conservation efforts, particularly with respect to national parks."

Steineropsis laceratula is a species of crustose placodioid lichen in the family Pannariaceae. It was first formally described in 1902 by French lichenologist Auguste-Marie Hue as Pannaria laceratula. Per Magnus Jørgensen proposed a transfer to Fuscopannaria in 1994. The taxon shuffled genera again in 2020 by Toby Spribille and Stefan Ekman after molecular phylogenetic analysis of the DNA from specimens collected in Alaska revealed its correct classification in the genus Steineropsis. The type specimen was collected in 1904 from Hakkoda, Japan, at an elevation of 1,200 m (3,900 ft); here the lichen was found growing on the bark of birch, but the species also grows on rock.

Fuscoderma papuanum is a species of squamulose (scaley) lichen in the family Pannariaceae. Endemic to Papua New Guinea, it was formally described as a new species in 2002 by lichenologists Per Magnus Jørgensen and Harrie Sipman. The type specimen was collected in Myola, in the Owen Stanley Range at an altitude between 2,400 and 2,800 m. Here, in the cool, moist habitat of a montane forest dominated by coniferous trees from the genera Phyllocladus and Podocarpus, it was found growing on a bank of the Iora Creek. It is similar to the type of genus Fuscoderma, F. applanatum, but is distinguished from that species by its smaller size, narrower, smooth lobes, and by the black rhizines on the thallus underside that, in young specimens, protrude out beyond the thallus.

<i>Lepidocollema marianum</i> Species of lichen

Lepidocollema marianum is a species of cyanolichen in the family Pannariaceae. It was first scientifically described by Elias Fries in 1825 as Parmelia mariana. Per Magnus Jørgensen transferred it to the genus Lepidocollema in 2014 following a molecular phylogenetics-guided revision of the Pannariaceae.

Fuscopannaria obtegens is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), squamulose lichen in the family Pannariaceae. Found in China, it was formally described as a new species in 2007 by Norwegian lichenologist Per Magnus Jørgensen. The type specimen was collected from Nyingchi-Dongjuk at an elevation of 4,430 m (14,530 ft); there, on a south-facing slope, it was found growing on the stems of Juniper. It is only known to occur in the type locality. The widely spread thallus of the lichen is made of dichotomously branched, brown squamules up to 2 mm (0.08 in) in diameter. The squamules are imbricating, meaning they overlap each other; according to the author, they give the impression of a tiled roof reminiscent of stave churches in Norway.

Fuscopannaria hirsuta is a species of squamulose (scaley), corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Pannariaceae. Found in China, it was formally described as a new species in 2004 by Norwegian lichenologist Per Magnus Jørgensen. The type specimen was collected from the Nyenchen Tanglha Mountains in Tibet at an elevation of 2,500 m (8,200 ft), where it was found growing on Salix bark. It has also been recorded growing on Juniperus bark. The species epithet hirsuta refers to the hairy upper thallus surface, the first in genus Fuscopannaria with this characteristic.

Fuscopannaria granulifera is a species of squamulose (scaley), corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Pannariaceae. Found in India, it was formally described as a new species in 2004 by Norwegian lichenologist Per Magnus Jørgensen. The type specimen was collected from the Great Himalayan National Park at an elevation of 3,140 m (10,300 ft). It is only known to occur in the upper forests of western Himalayas. F. granulifera is the only corticolous member of its genus that has a green algal photobiont; all others have a cyanobacterial photobiont.

Fuscopannaria dispersa is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), squamulose lichen in the family Pannariaceae. It is found in China, where it grows on the bark of several tree species at an elevation range from 3,650 to 4,300 m, close to the forest limit. It was formally described as a new species in 2000 by Norwegian lichenologist Per Magnus Jørgensen. The type specimen was collected by Joseph Rock from the eastern slopes of Likang Snow Range in 1922, and has since been documented in a few locations in eastern China. The lichen has a brown thallus made of small squamules spread out over a distinct black prothallus. Its ascospores are ellipsoid, colourless, lack septa, and measure 15–17 by 9–10 μm. Fuscopannaria dispersa is similar to the more widespread F. leucosticta, but can be distinguished from that species by the squamulose form of its thallus and by its smaller, rounder ascospores.

Fuscopannaria dissecta is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), squamulose lichen in the family Pannariaceae. Found in Japan, it was formally described as a new species in 2000 by Norwegian lichenologist Per Magnus Jørgensen. The type specimen was collected by Syo Kurokawa from Mount Kōya at an altitude of 800 m (2,600 ft); there it was found growing on the rotting bark of trees. The lichen has a pale brown thallus that forms irregular patches comprising squamules that about are about 2 mm wide. The squamules are dissected–cut deeply into fine lobes–and it is this character that is referenced in the species epithet dissecta.

Fuscopannaria saltuensis is a species of ground-dwelling, squamulose lichen in the family Pannariaceae. It is found in both the Eastern and Western Himalayas, where it grows on soil in open mountain forests with pastures and cliffs.

Fuscopannaria siamensis is a species of lichen in the family Pannariaceae. It is found in the mountainous forests of northern Thailand and in Tamil Nadu, India, where it grows in humid habitats in association with mosses.

Pannaria emodii is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), squamulose (scaley) to foliose (leafy) lichen in the family Pannariaceae. It was formally described as a new species in 2001 by the Norwegian lichenologist Per Magnus Jørgensen. The type specimen was collected in 1967 by Hiroshi Harada and colleagues from Shodu-Barshong (Bhutan) at an altitude between 3,500 and 3,800 m.

Pannaria complanata is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), squamulose (scaley) to foliose (leafy) lichen in the family Pannariaceae. It was formally described as a new species in 2001 by the Norwegian lichenologist Per Magnus Jørgensen. The type specimen was collected from the Doddabetta peak in the Nilgiri Mountains at an altitude of about 3,000 m (9,800 ft). The lichen makes circular patches typically up to about 5 cm (2 in) in diameter, comprising brownish, flat lobes measuring up to 2 mm wide. The photobiont partner is a member of the cyanobacterial genus Nostoc. The PD+ (orange) chemical spot test reaction indicates the presence of pannarin, a lichen product. The geographic range of the lichen includes India, Sri Lanka, and Indonesia. In India it is found only in the Western Ghats, having been recorded from Kerala and Tamil Nadu. In this country Pannaria complanata often associates with moss genus Hyophila.

Pannaria ramulosa is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), squamulose (scaly) to foliose (leafy) lichen in the family Pannariaceae. It was formally described as a new species in 2001 by the Norwegian lichenologist Per Magnus Jørgensen. Gustaf Einar Du Rietz collected the type specimen in 1927 from the Goenoeng Ardjoena. This rainforest lichen has a rounded thallus up to 5 cm (2 in) in diameter with thin, brownish lobes. It does not show any reactions to standard chemical spot tests, and no lichen products were detected using thin-layer chromatography. At the time of its original publication it was only known to occur at the type locality.

Pannaria formosana is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), squamulose (scaley) to foliose (leafy) lichen in the family Pannariaceae. Found in eastern Asia, it was formally described as a new species in 2001 by the Norwegian lichenologist Per Magnus Jørgensen. The type specimen was collected in February, 1965 by Syo Kurokawa from Chinsueiin Pass,.

References

  1. ↑ "Synonymy: Fuscopannaria leucosticta (Tuck. ex E. Michener) P.M. Jørg., J. Hattori bot. Lab. 76: 205 (1994)". Species Fungorum . Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  2. ↑ Tuckerman, E. (1859). "Observations on North American and some other lichenes". Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 4: 383–407.
  3. ↑ Jørgensen, P.M. (1994). "Studies in the lichen family Pannariaceae VI: The taxonomy and phytogeography of Pannaria Del. s.lat". Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory. 76: 197–206.
  4. ↑ Jørgensen, Per M. (2000). "Notes on some East-Asian species of the lichen genus Fuscopannaria". Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory. 89: 247–259. doi: 10.18968/jhbl.89.0_247 .
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 Brodo, Irwin M.; Sharnoff, Sylvia Duran; Sharnoff, Stephen (2001). Lichens of North America. Yale University Press. pp. 322–323. ISBN   978-0-300-08249-4.
  6. ↑ Jørgensen, Per M. (2000). "On the sorediate counterparts of the lichen Fuscopannaria leucosticta". The Bryologist. 103 (1): 104–107. doi:10.1639/0007-2745(2000)103[0104:OTSCOT]2.0.CO;2.
  7. ↑ Liu, Hua-Jie; Hu, Jian-sen; Wu, Qing-feng (2016). "New species and new records of the lichen genus Fuscopannaria from China". Mycotaxon. 131 (2): 455–465. doi: 10.5248/131.455 .
  8. ↑ Tripp, Erin A.; Lendemer, James C. (2020). Field Guide to the Lichens of Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Knoxville: The University of Tennessee Press. pp. 179–180. ISBN   978-1-62190-514-1.
  9. 1 2 Haughian, Sean R.; Clayden, Stephen R.; Cameron, Robert (2018). "On the distribution and habitat of Fuscopannaria leucosticta in New Brunswick, Canada". Écoscience. 26 (2): 99–112. doi:10.1080/11956860.2018.1526997.
  10. 1 2 3 4 Jørgensen, Per M.; Sipman, Harrie J. M. (2007). "The lichen Fuscopannaria leucosticta (Tuck.) P. M. Jørg. found in the tropics". The Lichenologist. 39 (3): 305–307. doi:10.1017/s0024282907006767.
  11. ↑ Pearson, Kara; Cameron, Robert; McMullin, R. Troy (2018). "Habitat associations and distribution model for Fuscopannaria leucosticta in Nova Scotia, Canada". The Lichenologist. 50 (4): 487–497. doi: 10.1017/s0024282918000300 .
  12. ↑ Cameron, Robert P.; Neily, Thomas (2008). "Heuristic model for identifying the habitats of Erioderma pedicellatum and other rare cyanolichens in Nova Scotia, Canada". The Bryologist. 111 (4): 650–658. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-111.4.650.
  13. ↑ Setchell, Alexandra; Haughian, Sean R. (2021). "Translating a species distribution model into management recommendations for an at-risk lichen". Écoscience. 29 (2): 159–165. doi:10.1080/11956860.2021.1949821.
  14. ↑ Alstrup, V.; Christensen, S. (2006). "New records of lichens with cyanobacteria from Tanzania and Kenya". Cryptogamie, Mycologie. 27: 57–68.
  15. ↑ Spribille, Toby (2009). "Fuscopannaria leucosticta (Tuck.) P.M. Jørg. rediscovered in Europe". The Lichenologist. 41 (2): 209–210. doi:10.1017/s0024282909007907.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.