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Gendered Islamophobia is a specific form of Islamophobia that manifests through stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination directed differently toward Muslim men and women. [2]
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In this form of sexism, Muslim women are often perceived as inherently oppressed, backward, or incompatible with values such as gender equality. [3] This representation serves both to justify their exclusion by certain ideological groups and to argue for the need to liberate them by others. [4] [5]
Muslim men, meanwhile, are often stereotyped as sexist or violent, and may even be associated with extremist or terrorist values. [3] These prejudices portray them as potential aggressors not only toward Muslim women, but toward all women and Western society as a whole, potentially serving to justify the expulsion of migrants. [2] [6]
