2017 Portland train attack

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2017 Portland train attack
Part of Right-wing terrorism in the United States
Hollywood MAX station.jpg
The Hollywood/Northeast 42nd Avenue Transit Center MAX Station, where police arrived after the attack
2017 Portland train attack (Portland, Oregon)
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2017 Portland train attack (Oregon)
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2017 Portland train attack (the United States)
Location Portland, Oregon, United States
Coordinates 45°31′58″N122°37′15″W / 45.53278°N 122.62083°W / 45.53278; -122.62083
DateMay 26, 2017
c. 4:30 p.m. (UTC−08:00)
Attack type
 Stabbing, hate crime
Weapons Knife
Deaths2
Injured1
PerpetratorJeremy Joseph Christian

On May 26, 2017, Jeremy Joseph Christian fatally stabbed two men and injured a third after he was confronted for shouting racist and anti-Muslim slurs at two black teenagers, Destinee Mangum and Walia Mohamed, on a MAX Light Rail train in Portland, Oregon, United States. [1] [2] Two of the victims, Ricky John Best of Happy Valley and Taliesin Myrddin Namkai-Meche of Portland, were killed; the third victim, Micah David-Cole Fletcher, survived with serious wounds.

Contents

Christian was arrested and indicted soon after the attack on charges of murder, attempted murder, and other crimes, [3] [4] including a separate hate-crime assault the day before the fatal attack. [5] In February 2020, following a jury trial, Christian was found guilty on all counts. [2] Christian was sentenced on June 24, 2020, to two life terms without parole. [6] The attack was widely condemned by the Portland community, politicians, and civil rights groups, some of which said it represented a rise in hate speech, [7] racism, [8] and Islamophobic incidents in the United States. [7] [9] [10] [11]

Attack

At about 4:30 p.m. PDT on May 26, 2017, Jeremy Joseph Christian fatally stabbed two people and injured a third on a MAX Light Rail train [12] after he was confronted for directing what the Portland Police Bureau's report later said "would best be characterized as hate speech toward a variety of ethnicities and religions" at two girls. [7] [9] A witness reported that Christian used anti-Muslim slurs and "was screaming that he was a taxpayer, that colored people were ruining the city, and he had First Amendment rights". [12] Portland police described Christian "as yelling and ranting and raving a lot of different things, including what we characterized as hate speech or biased language". [13]

At the time, although not at its rush-hour peak, the train car was crowded, with all the seats filled and some passengers standing. [12] As the man continued ranting, the train operator was heard on the loudspeaker, saying "Whoever is creating the disturbance needs to exit the train immediately." [12] The man continued, however, [12] directing his tirade at a 17-year-old Muslim Somali girl, who was wearing a hijab, and her non-Muslim friend, a black girl, age 16. [14] [15] [16] The man told the girls to "go back to Saudi Arabia", to get out of "his country", and "said they were nothing and they should kill themselves". [14] He also reportedly said that "Muslims should die." [16]

Fearful, the pair moved to the back of the train as two bystanders, Taliesin Myrddin Namkai-Meche and Micah David-Cole Fletcher, stepped in to intervene in an attempt to de-escalate the situation. [12] [13] [14] According to a witness, Namkai-Meche told Christian in an angry voice: "You need to get off this train. Please, get off this train." [12] The witness said that the men attempted to form a barrier between Christian and the girls. Then Micah David-Cole Fletcher gave him "a slight push or shove" in an attempt to move him away. Christian fell backward and Fletcher pushed him again. Christian said: "Touch me again, and I'm going to kill you." [12] Namkai-Meche was filming with his phone. According to police, Christian then stabbed Ricky Best, who was nearby, and Namkai-Meche and Fletcher by slashing them with a knife. [17] The stabbings happened within less than 12 seconds. At the Hollywood/Northeast 42nd Avenue Transit Center, passengers fled the car, [12] as did Christian. He ran into the Hollywood neighborhood, chased by other passengers who had called 9-1-1. [16]

After Fletcher was stabbed, a man rushed to him and rendered first aid. [18] Three other men gave first aid to Best until EMS personnel arrived. [12] Medics were unable to revive Best and he was declared dead at the scene; Namkai-Meche died later at a local hospital. [12] The two girls also fled the train following the incident, [9] leaving their belongings behind. [16] After the attack, the station and MAX Light Rail trains were shut down in both directions for several hours. [13]

Following their arrival at the station, [13] police were able to locate Christian. A group of at least eight officers arrested him "on the north side of Providence Portland Medical Center on an access road running along Interstate 84, just east of 47th Avenue, at 4:48 p.m.". [17] According to a police affidavit filed subsequently in court, during the arrest Christian threw a folding knife with a 3.75-inch (95 mm) blade that hit a police car and bounced off of it. [19] The police affidavit also states that patrol car video footage shows Christian saying after his arrest, "I just stabbed a bunch of motherfuckers in the neck ... I can die in prison a happy man", [20] and about one of the men on the train who had confronted him, he said, "That's what liberalism gets you." [19]

Investigation

Christian was booked into the Multnomah County jail. [21] The FBI assisted Portland police in the investigation. [22] Renn Cannon, of the Portland FBI field office, said at the time, "It's too early to say whether last night's violence was an act of domestic terrorism or a federal hate crime." [23]

Theft from a victim

In the early morning of June 2, 2017, police arrested 51-year-old George Elwood Tschaggeny, who lived in a small homeless camp near the platform where the train stopped after the attack. According to police and prosecutors, Tschaggeny removed the wedding band from Best's finger and stole Best's backpack and wallet. He was arrested after police viewed surveillance video showing the theft and obtained a community tip on the thief's identity. According to police, he was wearing Best's ring when he was arrested and had the backpack and contents of Best's wallet. [24] [25] Tschaggeny was a heroin addict. [26] [27] He was arraigned on charges of identity theft, second-degree abuse of a corpse, first-degree theft and tampering with physical evidence. [28] After a guilty plea on November 14, 2017, he was sentenced to 13 months in jail followed by five years of probation [27] and court-supervised drug treatment. [26]

Prosecution of Jeremy Joseph Christian

Indictment and pretrial proceedings

Christian was charged with two counts of aggravated murder and one count of attempted murder, as well as three misdemeanors: two counts of second-degree intimidation and one count of being a felon possessing a restricted weapon. [9] [13] At his arraignment on May 30, 2017, Christian began yelling a variety of slogans as soon as he entered the courtroom, shouting: "Get out if you don't like free speech. You call it terrorism, I call it patriotism. You hear me? Die." [19] [29] He also yelled: "Leave this country if you hate our freedom—death to antifa!" [29]

On June 6 the Multnomah County grand jury indicted Christian on 15 counts. Of these, 11 related to the May 26 stabbings (two counts of aggravated murder, one count of attempted aggravated murder, one count of first-degree assault, one count of second-degree assault, five counts of unlawful use of a weapon, three counts of second-degree intimidation and two counts of menacing) and four related to conduct the day before the stabbing, when Christian threw a plastic bottle at a black woman at the Interstate/Rose Quarter MAX Station. [30] [31] [32] [33] Another outburst occurred at a brief, 85-second court appearance on June 7. [34] Christian shouted that he was not guilty and that he acted in self-defense against the "violent aggression by Micah Fletcher". [33] Christian pleaded not guilty to all charges. [35]

A Portland television station sought the release of warrants and affidavits related to the investigation; in October 2017, a federal judge denied the motion due to concerns that the release could prejudice potential jurors. [36] In November 2017, a bail hearing was held; Christian was denied bail. [37] [38]

On November 1, 2019, pursuant to a new state law, Christian's aggravated murder charges were downgraded to first-degree murder, eliminating the possibility of the death penalty. [39]

Trial, conviction, sentencing, and appeal

The trial was initially scheduled to begin in June 2019 [40] but was delayed for an additional six months to allow time for further pretrial proceedings. [3] The judge denied Christian's request for a change of venue. [41] [42] Opening arguments for Christian's trial began January 28, 2020. [43] In February 2019, Christian's attorneys filed a notice indicating that, at trial, the defense planned to raise mental health defenses. [41] [44] The defense team indicated that it might argue three such defenses: a "guilty except for insanity" defense, [44] asserting that Christian was so mentally disturbed as to be incapable of forming criminal intent; [41] a defense that Christian's mental illness made him only "partially responsible" for the offenses; [44] and a defense that Christian was acting under extreme emotional disturbance. [44]

At trial, prosecutors presented the testimony of 40 witnesses against Christian, [45] [46] including Micah Fletcher, who was wounded in the stabbing. [45] A Portland homicide detective who interviewed Fletcher also testified and showed the jury the folding knife that was used. [46] Cell phone videos and TriMet surveillance videos showing Christian stabbing the victims were introduced into evidence. [47] Extensive video and audiorecordings of Christian's post-arrest rantings were also played to the jury. [45] Christian did not testify in his own defense. [48] The attorneys made their closing arguments on February 19; after 11 hours of deliberation over two days, on February 21 the jury announced they unanimously found Christian guilty on all counts. [2] On June 24, 2020, Christian was sentenced to two consecutive life terms—one for each count of first-degree murder—with no possibility of parole. Christian was given an additional 51.5 years for related charges. [49] During the sentencing hearing, Christian was removed from the courtroom after a furious outburst directed at one of his surviving victims. [6]

Christian appealed his convictions, citing numerous alleged trial court errors. [50] On June 17, 2024, the Oregon Court of Appeals rejected his arguments and affirmed Christian's convictions in full. [51] [52]

Perpetrator's prior history

Jeremy Joseph Christian had been convicted previously of kidnapping and the robbery of a convenience store in May 2002, and he was sentenced to 90 months in prison for that offense. [19] During the robbery, he wore a ski mask, wielded a .38-caliber revolver, and handcuffed the store owner to a pole in the store; he was apprehended several blocks away from the store. [53] [54] Christian was also arrested in 2010 on charges of being a felon in possession of a firearm and theft, but those charges were later dropped. [55] He held extremist views, posting neo-Nazi, antisemitic, and far-right material on social media, [56] [57] as well as material indicating an affinity for political violence. [14] Christian described himself as a white nationalist. [58] Despite this, a psychiatric report noted that many of his views diverged from what would be expected from a white supremacist and that he even expressed a desire to live amongst Brazil's Indigenous peoples. [59] The Oregonian noted that Christian made many contradictory Facebook posts, but that such contradictions are typical of extremists. It said his posts "reveal a comic book collector with nebulous political affiliations who above all else seemed to hate circumcision and Hillary Clinton". At times he expressed support for Bernie Sanders and Donald Trump, although he wrote that he did not vote. [57] [60] According to friends and acquaintances, Christian's actions were becoming increasingly unstable, and he was in need of mental help, but he had not been given a formal diagnosis. [61]

In April 2017, Christian wrote, "I just Challenged Ben Ferencz (Last Living Nuremberg Persecutor[ sic ]) to a Debate in the Hague with Putin as our judge. I will defend the Nazis and he will defend the AshkeNAZIs [a reference to European Jews]." [62] He praised Timothy McVeigh in an online posting on April 19, the anniversary of the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing. [57] [63] He also "posted conspiracy theory memes from the right-wing Alex Jones Channel". [57]

According to The Portland Mercury , Christian was a "known right-wing extremist and white supremacist". [64] He had participated in various alt-right rallies in Portland. [56] One month before the stabbing, Christian appeared at the right-wing March for Free Speech in Portland's Montavilla Park, which was organized by Patriot Prayer. [65] He wore a Revolutionary War-era flag of the United States and carried a baseball bat, which police confiscated. He gave Nazi salutes and used a racial slur at least once. [64] [66] At the event, Christian was videotaped shouting "Die, Muslims!" [57] The day before the killings, Christian had made racial threats on another train, threatened a conductor, and hurled a bottle at a black woman who then maced him, as seen on cell phone videos. [67] Christian told police that he had dropped out of high school but later earned his high school equivalency and took classes at Portland Community College for a year. He identified himself to police as a transient who did "not know the last time he had a permanent address" and lived with friends and family. [54]

Victims

Ricky John Best, 53, of Happy Valley, died at the scene. He was a technician for the City of Portland's Bureau of Development Services, a U.S. Army veteran, and a father of four children. [68] [69] In 2012, he retired from the Army after more than twenty years of service. [68]

Taliesin Myrddin Namkai-Meche, 23, of Ashland, died at a hospital shortly after the attack. He had recently graduated from Reed College with a degree in economics and worked for the Cadmus Group consulting firm. [68] [69] [70] A passenger who helped him reported his last words: "Tell everyone on this train I love them." [12]

Micah David-Cole Fletcher, 21, survived and was treated at Legacy Emanuel Medical Center for serious but not life-threatening wounds, specifically a knife injury to his throat. [68] [71] The attacker severed Micah's left jugular vein, [68] while narrowly missing his carotid artery by one millimetre (0.039 in). Fletcher was released from the hospital in time to attend Christian's arraignment on May 30, 2017. [72] Fletcher, a student at Portland State University, won a poetry contest in 2013 while he was a junior in high school with a poem about Islamophobia in the United States. [73]

Christian and Fletcher had both attended a "free speech" rally in Montavilla about a month prior to the attack. Christian was with a right-wing group, while Fletcher was a counter-protester. [74]

Destinee Mangum, one of the two girls harassed by the assailant, expressed her gratitude to the three men who stepped in to help her. [14]

Reactions

Community

Vigil on May 27 Portland Tri Met MAX stabbing vigil 1.jpg
Vigil on May 27
Memorial for victims at the Hollywood Transit Center Portland Tri Met MAX stabbing vigil 2.jpg
Memorial for victims at the Hollywood Transit Center

Hundreds of people gathered near the Hollywood Transit Center on the evening of May 27 for a candlelight vigil to honor the victims. [75] [76] Three crowdfunding campaigns set up to help the victims' families raised $1 million by May 29. [77] Muslims in Portland said they were thankful for the support of the community after the attack. [78] Wadji Said of the Interfaith Council of Portland compared the attack to the 1988 murder of Mulugeta Seraw, an Ethiopian immigrant who was slain by a group of racist skinheads in Portland. [56]

Politicians and officials

Portland Mayor Ted Wheeler called the victims of the attack "heroes" in a statement released on May 27. He continued saying, "Their actions were brave and selfless, and should serve as an example and inspiration to us all." Governor of Oregon Kate Brown echoed this sentiment, calling on all Oregonians to come together: "Let's not let hate and fear divide us. Instead let's take the example of the good Samaritans who sacrificed their lives for the safety of others and unite for a kinder, gentler Oregon." [23] In the wake of the stabbings, the mayor called on the federal government to withhold a permit for a "Trump Free Speech Rally" at Terry Schrunk Plaza, a federal enclave adjacent to city hall. The mayor said on Twitter that the rally "can only exacerbate an already difficult situation" in the city. [79] [80] He also called for withholding a permit for an ACT! for America rally at the same location. [80] The ACLU of Oregon criticized the mayor's remarks. [81] ACT! for America subsequently cancelled its planned anti-Muslim march in Portland, moving it to Seattle. [82] [83]

Former candidate for the 2016 presidential election Hillary Clinton called the incident "heartbreaking" and said that "No one should have to endure this racist abuse. No one should have to give their life to stop it." [84] Oregon's U.S. Senators, Ron Wyden and Jeff Merkley, expressed their grief and condolences for the victims. [85] Merkley urged President Trump to "speak out personally against the rising tide of Islamophobia and other forms of bigotry and racism in our nation that he has provoked through his numerous statements, policies and appointments". [9] U.S. Representatives Suzanne Bonamici and Earl Blumenauer of Oregon, Oregon Attorney General Ellen Rosenblum, and other officials also gave their condolences. [85] U.S. Representative Keith Ellison of Minnesota, the first Muslim elected to Congress, said that the three men "exhibited the best qualities of American heroes". [68] President Trump delayed commenting on the stabbing attack, leading to public pressure on him to do so. Later, a message was posted on Trump's presidential Twitter account, stating "The violent attacks in Portland on Friday are unacceptable. The victims were standing up to hate and intolerance. Our prayers are w/ them." [86] [87] The Portland police contacted the Muslim community to discuss increased patrolling during Ramadan. The bureau's spokesperson said, "Our thoughts are with the Muslim community. As something like this happens, this only instills fear in that community." [13]

Organizations

The Anti-Defamation League, in a statement by its CEO Jonathan Greenblatt, offered its condolences to the victims, praised the heroism of bystanders who intervened, and said: "The deadly attack in Portland is not a rare or isolated event. Rather, this is the latest in a long string of violent incidents connected to right-wing extremists in the United States... This consistent threat requires consistent resources and we call on our leaders to condemn this brutal act of terror and craft policy to counter all forms of violent extremism, including white supremacy." [88]

The Council on American–Islamic Relations asked President Trump to denounce "rising bigotry" and violence against Muslims. The organization's executive director said, "President Trump must speak out personally against the rising tide of Islamophobia and other forms of bigotry and racism in our nation that he has provoked through his numerous statements, policies and appointments that have negatively impacted minority communities." [9] Imtiaz Khan, who serves as president of the Islamic Center of Portland, said: "We are very sad. Ramadan started just a couple of hours ago. We are very sorry for the two men who tried to do the right thing.... Of course people from the Muslim community are concerned. And, unfortunately, the easy targets are women because of the headscarf." [89] Khan also praised the two men who were slain, saying they "really sacrificed everything. They really stood up for the values of the Constitution." [21]

Harris Zafar with the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community in Portland said the actions of the men who stepped in to defend the Muslim women inspired him. [75] The Asian Pacific American Network of Oregon expressed grief for the tragedy and hoped it would "draw Muslim communities together". [85]

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References

  1. ↑ Adeel Hassan, White Supremacist Guilty of Killing 2 Who Came to Aid of Black Teens Archived 2020-02-24 at the Wayback Machine , New York Times (February 21, 2020).
  2. 1 2 3 Green, Aimee (February 21, 2020). "Jeremy Christian guilty on all counts in MAX stabbings trial". The Oregonian . Archived from the original on February 21, 2020. Retrieved February 21, 2020.
  3. 1 2 VanderHart, Dirk (May 3, 2019). "Jeremy Trial Delayed, Despite Objections From Victims". Oregon Public Broadcasting . Archived from the original on January 13, 2020. Retrieved February 22, 2020.
  4. ↑ Wilson, Conrad (October 30, 2019). "Prosecutors Won't Seek Death Penalty In Jeremy Christian In TriMet Stabbings Case". Oregon Public Broadcasting. Archived from the original on March 3, 2020. Retrieved February 22, 2020.
  5. ↑ Aimee Green, Jeremy Christian guilty on all counts in MAX stabbings trial, including murder and hate crimes Archived 2020-02-21 at the Wayback Machine , The Oregonian/OregonLive (February 21, 2020).
  6. 1 2 Aimee Green, Judge sentences MAX train murderer Jeremy Christian to 'true life': He should never be released from prison Archived 2020-06-26 at the Wayback Machine , The Oregonian/OregonLive (June 24, 2020).
  7. 1 2 3 Windsor, Morgan (May 28, 2017). "Portland fatal stabbings point to rise in hate speech, civil rights advocates say". ABC News . Archived from the original on May 28, 2017. Retrieved May 28, 2017.
  8. ↑ Wilson, Jason (May 31, 2017). "Portland's dark history of white supremacy". The Guardian . Archived from the original on May 31, 2017. Retrieved June 1, 2017.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Marco, Tony; Chavez, Nicole; Hanna, Jason (May 27, 2017). "Man shouting 'anti-everything slurs' kills 2 in Portland, police say". CNN. Archived from the original on May 27, 2017. Retrieved May 27, 2017.
  10. ↑ Sylvester, Terray (May 31, 2017). "Suspect in fatal Portland attack yells about 'free speech' at hearing". Reuters . Archived from the original on May 31, 2017. Retrieved May 31, 2017.
  11. ↑ Chadha, Janaki (May 30, 2017). "In wake of attack, Portland coalition hopes to show most stand against racism, islamophobia". The Oregonian . Archived from the original on May 31, 2017. Retrieved June 1, 2017. A coalition of Portland community groups plan to hold a large rally downtown Sunday to stand against what they see as growing far-right extremism, racism and islamophobia in the city.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Maxine Bernstein, Portland MAX hero's last words: 'Tell everyone on this train I love them' Archived 2017-05-30 at the Wayback Machine , The Oregonian /OregonLive (May 29, 2017).
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Wang, Amy B. (May 27, 2017). "'Final act of bravery': Men who were fatally stabbed trying to stop anti-Muslim rants identified". The Washington Post . Archived from the original on May 27, 2017. Retrieved May 27, 2017.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 "The Latest: 1 of 2 Girls Harassed on Train Speaks Out". The New York Times . Associated Press. May 28, 2017. Retrieved May 28, 2017.
  15. ↑ Madison Park, Teen on Portland train: 'They lost their lives because of me and my friend' Archived 2017-05-29 at the Wayback Machine , CNN (May 29, 2017).
  16. 1 2 3 4 Eder Campuzano & Jim Ryan, Man saw teenagers, one with hijab, and launched into racial tirade Archived 2017-05-28 at the Wayback Machine , The Oregonian /Oregon Live (May 27, 2017).
  17. 1 2 Maxine Bernstein, MAX attack unfolded quickly: Extremist cut three in neck, police say Archived 2017-05-28 at the Wayback Machine , The Oregonian /OregonLive (May 27, 2017).
  18. ↑ Surviving victim of Portland MAX train attack got critical medical aid from fourth Samaritan Archived May 28, 2017, at the Wayback Machine , The Oregonian /OregonLive (May 28, 2017).
  19. 1 2 3 4 Ellis, Ralph; McLaughlin, Eliott C.; Park, Madison (May 31, 2017). "Portland stabbing suspect yells in court: Free speech or die". CNN . Archived from the original on May 31, 2017.
  20. ↑ Bernstein, Maxine (May 30, 2017). "Man accused in MAX attack confessed to stabbing, said, 'I'm happy now. I'm happy now.'". The Oregonian . Archived from the original on May 27, 2018. Retrieved May 27, 2018.
  21. 1 2 Haag, Matthew; Fortin, Jacey (May 27, 2017). "Two Killed in Portland While Trying to Stop Anti-Muslim Rant, Police Say". The New York Times . Archived from the original on May 28, 2017. Retrieved May 28, 2017.
  22. ↑ Solomon, Molly (May 28, 2017). "Suspect In Fatal Portland Stabbing To Appear In Court Tuesday". Oregon Public Broadcasting. Archived from the original on May 28, 2017. Retrieved May 28, 2017.
  23. 1 2 Marco, Tony; Hanna, Jason; Almasy, Steve (May 27, 2017). "FBI joins Portland stabbings investigation". CNN. Archived from the original on 2017-05-28. Retrieved May 28, 2017.
  24. ↑ DuBois, Steven (June 4, 2017). "Man arrested in theft of victim's ring". Associated Press. Archived from the original on December 25, 2017.
  25. ↑ Noelle Crombie, Man removed MAX victim's wedding ring as he lay dying, police say Archived 2017-06-07 at the Wayback Machine , The Oregonian/OregonLive (June 3, 2017).
  26. 1 2 Aimee Green, Man who stole MAX stabbing victim's wedding ring gets another 20 days in jail Archived 2020-06-28 at the Wayback Machine , The Oregonian/OregonLive (September 10, 2018).
  27. 1 2 Heroin addict who stole wedding ring from MAX stabbing victim apologizes Archived 2017-12-26 at the Wayback Machine , Oregon Live , Aimee Green, November 14, 2017. Retrieved December 25, 2017.
  28. ↑ MAX wedding ring theft suspect hides face in court George Tschaggeny made his 1st court appearance Monday Archived 2017-06-07 at the Wayback Machine , KOIN (June 5, 2017).
  29. 1 2 "Portland stabbing: Jeremy Joseph Christian appears in court". BBC News . London, England: BBC. May 30, 2017. Archived from the original on May 31, 2017.
  30. ↑ Maxine Bernstein, Indictment returned against accused MAX attack killer Jeremy Christian Archived 2017-06-06 at the Wayback Machine , The Oregonian/Oregon Live (June 7, 2017).
  31. ↑ Indictment: State of Oregon v. Jeremy Joseph Christian, Circuit Court of the State of Oregon for Multnomah County Archived 2018-02-28 at the Wayback Machine (June 6, 2017).
  32. ↑ Dubois, Steven (6 June 2017). "Man indicted in double-fatal Portland, Oregon, train attack". ABC News. Archived from the original on 7 June 2017. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
  33. 1 2 Sylvester, Terray (June 7, 2017). "Suspect in Oregon train stabbings claims self-defense". Reuters. Archived from the original on 7 June 2017. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
  34. ↑ Sara Ganim & Jason Hanna, Portland train stabbing suspect has another outburst in court Archived 2017-06-07 at the Wayback Machine , CNN (June 7, 2017).
  35. ↑ Maxine Bernstein, MAX attack suspect back in court for scheduling of bail hearing Archived 2017-08-13 at the Wayback Machine , The Oregonian/OregonLive (July 18, 2017).
  36. ↑ Judge denies motion to unseal additional court documents in MAX stabbing case Archived 2017-11-07 at the Wayback Machine , KVAL, Kellee Azar, October 20, 2017. Retrieved November 5, 2017.
  37. ↑ Conrad Wilson, Alleged TriMet Killer Jeremy Christian Denied Bail Archived 2017-12-26 at the Wayback Machine , Northwest Public Radio (November 20, 2017).
  38. ↑ Green, Aimee (November 20, 2017). "Jeremy Christian will remain in jail pending trial for MAX train killings". The Oregonian. Archived from the original on December 27, 2017.
  39. ↑ Bernstein, Maxine (November 2019). "Judge eliminates death penalty for Jeremy Christian if convicted on new 1st-degree murder charges". The Oregonian . Archived from the original on 2 November 2019. Retrieved 2 November 2019.
  40. ↑ Vawter, Jordan (December 18, 2017). "Trial Date Set For Jeremy Christian". KXL-FM. Archived from the original on December 27, 2017.
  41. 1 2 3 Green, Aimee (April 8, 2019). "Jeremy Christian's trial won't be moved out of Portland, judge rules". The Oregonian. Archived from the original on January 13, 2020. Retrieved February 22, 2020.
  42. ↑ "Judge denies MAX stabbing suspect Jeremy Christian change of venue". KATU. April 8, 2019. Archived from the original on January 13, 2020. Retrieved February 22, 2020– via KOMO.
  43. ↑ Mimica, Mila (January 28, 2020). "Brutal details released in MAX stabbing attack, 3 young witnesses take the stand". KGW. Archived from the original on January 30, 2020. Retrieved February 22, 2020.
  44. 1 2 3 4 Green, Aimee (February 22, 2019). "Jeremy Christian's lawyers indicate he could argue a 'guilty except for insanity' defense". The Oregonian. Archived from the original on January 21, 2020. Retrieved February 22, 2020.
  45. 1 2 3 "Defense in Jeremy Christian trial to start making its case Monday; trial's second week in review". The Oregonian. February 9, 2020. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved February 22, 2020.
  46. 1 2 Shane Dixon, Kavanaugh; Green, Aimee (February 5, 2020). "'They signed their own death warrant,' Jeremy Christian told police after MAX train stabbings, detective testifies". The Oregonian. Archived from the original on February 21, 2020. Retrieved February 22, 2020.
  47. ↑ Green, Aimee (February 2, 2020). "MAX train stabbing videos show compassion amid tragedy". The Oregonian. Archived from the original on February 21, 2020. Retrieved February 22, 2020.
  48. ↑ Hannah Ray Lambert & Velena Jones, Jeremy Christian won’t testify in his own defense Archived 2020-02-24 at the Wayback Machine , KOIN (February 12, 2020).
  49. ↑ Lambert, Hannah (June 24, 2020). "Jeremy Christian sentenced to 2 life terms without parole". KOIN. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved June 24, 2020.
  50. ↑ "Jeremy Christian appeals his conviction for double murders on a Portland MAX train". 14 December 2020.
  51. ↑ "PDF.js viewer".
  52. ↑ "MAX train murderer Jeremy Christian's convictions stand: Court of Appeals rejects all his arguments". 17 July 2024.
  53. ↑ Carli Brosseau & Allan Brettman, Jeremy Christian's path from troubled youth to TriMet stabbing suspect Archived 2017-08-16 at the Wayback Machine , The Oregonian/OregonLive (June 11, 2017).
  54. 1 2 Nicole Chavez, Accused Portland stabber reveals himself – in his own words Archived 2017-06-07 at the Wayback Machine , CNN (June 7, 2017).
  55. ↑ "Suspect named in killing of 2 people who defended Muslim women". CBS News . May 27, 2017. Archived from the original on May 27, 2017. Retrieved May 28, 2017.
  56. 1 2 3 Jason Wilson (May 27, 2017), "Suspect in Portland double murder posted white supremacist material online" Archived 2017-05-29 at the Wayback Machine , The Guardian .
  57. 1 2 3 4 5 Lizzy Acker (May 30, 2017). "Who is Jeremy Christian? Facebook shows a man with nebulous political affiliations who hated circumcision and Hillary Clinton". The Oregonian/OregonLive.com. Archived from the original on May 31, 2017.
  58. ↑ Todd C. Frankel, Suspected attacker Jeremy Joseph Christian stood out amid rising tensions in Portland Archived 2017-05-29 at the Wayback Machine , The Washington Post (May 27, 2017).
  59. ↑ State v Jeremy Christian, Cunningham Provisional Report 11/10/17
  60. ↑ Townhall.com: "White Supremacist Attack in Portland? Fake News vs. Clear Thinking on Jeremy Christian" by Jack Kerwick Archived 2017-11-07 at the Wayback Machine May 30, 2017
  61. ↑ Brettman, Allan (7 Jun 2017). "Portland suspect in 2 slayings on train is known for hate speech". Oregonian. Archived from the original on 2017-06-14.
  62. ↑ Piggott, Stephen (May 27, 2017). "Portland Stabbings: Man Arrested for Double Murder After Allegedly Threatening Muslim Women Has Racist Views, Praised Timothy McVeigh". Southern Poverty Law Center. Archived from the original on 2017-06-03. Retrieved May 28, 2017.
  63. ↑ Wamsley, Laurel (May 27, 2017). "White Supremacist Charged With Killing 2 In Portland, Ore., Knife Attack". NPR. Archived from the original on May 28, 2017. Retrieved May 28, 2017.
  64. 1 2 Doug Brown (May 27, 2017), "Suspect in Portland hate crime murders is a known white supremacist" Archived 2017-05-29 at the Wayback Machine , Portland Mercury , Retrieved June 1, 2017.
  65. ↑ Corey Pein (April 26, 2017), Archived 2022-04-14 at the Wayback Machine , Willamette Week
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  67. ↑ Video: Portland MAX stabbing suspect made racial threats hours before slayings Archived 2017-05-29 at the Wayback Machine , The Oregonian/OregonLive (May 28, 2017).
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  69. 1 2 "Father of four, recent college grad named as victims in deadly Portland stabbing". CBS News . May 27, 2017. Archived from the original on May 28, 2017. Retrieved May 28, 2017.
  70. ↑ Seelinger, Lani (May 28, 2017). "Who Was Taliesin Myrddin Namkai-Meche? The Portland Stabbing Victim Was Only 23" Archived 2017-09-04 at the Wayback Machine . Bustle .
  71. ↑ Jared Cowley (May 30, 2016), Stabbing victim Micah Fletcher: 'I'm just trying to heal and recover' Archived 2017-06-01 at the Wayback Machine , KGW.
  72. ↑ Ralph Ellis; Eliott C. McLaughlin; Madison Park. "Portland stabbing suspect yells in court: Free speech or die". CNN. Archived from the original on 2017-05-30. Retrieved 2017-05-31.
  73. ↑ Zarkhin, Fedor (May 27, 2017). "Surviving victim of Friday train stabbing a poet and PSU student". The Oregonian . Archived from the original on May 30, 2017. Retrieved May 30, 2017.
  74. ↑ Riski, Tess (February 5, 2020). "Micah Fletcher Testifies in Jeremy Christian Trial: "I Just Wasn't Strong Enough"". Willamette Week . Archived from the original on February 18, 2020. Retrieved February 23, 2020.
  75. 1 2 Dowling, Jennifer (May 27, 2017). "Victims of MAX stabbing called 'brave and selfless' heroes". KOIN. Archived from the original on May 28, 2017. Retrieved May 28, 2017.
  76. ↑ Miner, Colin (May 28, 2017). "Portland Hate Crime: Heroes Honored As The City Searches For Answers". Portland Patch. Archived from the original on May 27, 2017. Retrieved May 28, 2017.
  77. ↑ Eder Campuzano (May 29, 2017). "Crowdfunding efforts for Portland stabbing victims top $1 million days after attack". The Oregonian/OregonLive. Archived from the original on May 29, 2017.
  78. ↑ Flaccus, Gillian (May 28, 2017). "Muslims thankful for support after rant, deadly attack". ABC News . Archived from the original on May 28, 2017. Retrieved May 28, 2017.
  79. ↑ Martha Bellisle (May 29, 2017). "Portland Mayor Wants 'Trump Free Speech Rally' Canceled over Fears of 'Hatred'". Time . Associated Press. Archived from the original on May 30, 2017.
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  81. ↑ Camila Domonoske, After Stabbing, Portland's Mayor Wants 2 Right-Wing Demonstrations Canceled Archived 2017-05-31 at the Wayback Machine , NPR (May 30, 2017).
  82. ↑ Organizers: Anti-Muslim rally planned for Portland moved to Seattle Archived 2017-06-01 at the Wayback Machine , KOMO (May 31, 2017).
  83. ↑ Noelle Crombie, Anti-Muslim march organizers cancel June 10 event in Portland, citing mayor's comments Archived 2017-05-31 at the Wayback Machine , The Oregonian/OregonLive (May 31, 2017).
  84. ↑ Bowden, John (May 27, 2017). "Hillary Clinton condemns 'racist abuse' in Portland attack". The Hill . Archived from the original on May 30, 2017. Retrieved May 28, 2017.
  85. 1 2 3 "Political, community leaders condemn MAX killings, praise 'courageous bystanders'". The Oregonian . May 27, 2017. Archived from the original on May 27, 2017. Retrieved May 28, 2017.
  86. ↑ "Portland attack: Donald Trump condemns killings". BBC News . May 29, 2017. Archived from the original on May 29, 2017. Mr Trump had been facing mounting criticism for his silence over the deaths of Taliesin Namkai-Meche and Ricky Best in Portland on Friday.
  87. ↑ Lucy Westcott, Portland Stabbing: Donald Trump Finally Responds Amid Public Outcry Archived 2017-05-30 at the Wayback Machine , Newsweek (May 29, 2017): "President Donald Trump acknowledged the deadly stabbing in Portland on Monday after journalists and the American public urged him to speak out about the incident."
  88. ↑ ADL condemns 'brutal' Oregon killings by anti-Muslim attacker Archived 2017-05-28 at the Wayback Machine , Times of Israel/Associated Press (May 28, 2017).
  89. ↑ Wamsley, Laurel (May 27, 2017). "White Supremacist Charged With Killing 2 In Portland, Ore., Knife Attack". WPRL. Archived from the original on May 27, 2017. Retrieved May 28, 2017.
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